CN1078133A - 假腿肢 - Google Patents

假腿肢 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1078133A
CN1078133A CN93101492A CN93101492A CN1078133A CN 1078133 A CN1078133 A CN 1078133A CN 93101492 A CN93101492 A CN 93101492A CN 93101492 A CN93101492 A CN 93101492A CN 1078133 A CN1078133 A CN 1078133A
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bootleg
cushion
deformed limb
artificial leg
artificial
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库尔特·波力格
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Priority claimed from DE19924204482 external-priority patent/DE4204482C1/de
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/80Sockets, e.g. of suction type
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/7812Interface cushioning members placed between the limb stump and the socket, e.g. bandages or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/7843Inflatable bladders

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

具有壳式靴统(4,6)假腿肢至少有一个装在靴统 内壁(18)的颚板(16;60)及一个位于残肢端部范围 内的充气软垫(20),其特征在于靴统(4,6)上包在残 肢端部范围内,与残肢端部吻合。软垫(20)平放在相 关的靴统底部,至少在靴统内侧需用足够软的材料制 成,以使其紧靠在残肢端部,从而建立一耐用的可调 整的残肢端部接触关系。这从矫形外笠及其他比如 血管淋巴管学的观点来看也是需要的。

Description

本发明涉及假腿肢。
对于腿部假肢人们首先力求靴统与残肢的轮廓尽可能相吻合,以便在假肢固定位置旁边使压力分布达到最大面积。它最近已发展到可以在行走过程中通过“泵”的使用有意识地调节一个低的压力,以此可以使靴筒不需附加任何辅助手段而保持在残肢上。此外,人们在探求假肢的支撑力(目前仅限于大腿假肢),主要是通过残肢和大腿骨(股骨)而不是通过坐骨引入装假肢的人的身体。研究表明,在残肢周围范围内牢固的包紧而不同时堵住残肢端部的接触,结果会导致慢性的水肿(参阅Baumgartner和Botta的“下肢截肢及假肢保养”,斯图加特Ferdinand  Enka出版社,1989年出版,237-239页)。
除此以外值得探求的是残肢的支撑力尽可能直接导入里面的骨头及相连的关节上(髋关节及膝关节),尤其是人们试图通过制作内靴统模型来实现尽可能完全包住残肢,然而由于必须长期或短期调整因肌肉萎缩或新陈代谢引起的肿胀和消肿的残肢变形,仅靠此方法不能达到满意的效果。
从US-PSen  1893853和2634424,DE-GM  1810432公开了假腿肢,其衬垫用透气的可塑材料制成。DE-GM  1882630也建议在假肢靴统里装一个可四面转动的充分软垫,它可使残肢容积的变化适应于同一位置,而且不会接触到残肢端部。EP-OS  0151834公布的是在浴室偶尔使用的可折叠式小腿假肢,它除了在残肢周围范围内有可充气的软垫外,在残肢端部也有一个,正如它对残肢端部的接触很重要一样,对残肢既不需要,也不能够完全包紧。
本发明的目的是提供上述类的腿部假肢,即尽最大可能把残肢包紧,并能够调整残肢端部的负荷。
发明的目的用权利要求1的特征来完成。从属权利要求进一步给出了具有优越性的结构。
在残肢端部范围内基本上与假肢靴统相吻合的吹胀的软垫可以实现利用残肢颚板形成的平面制作一个耐用的、无损伤的残肢端部接触面。残肢末端负荷可以均衡调节,以使起决定作用的残肢骨格能同时承受和传递对装假肢者而言完全异常量度的负荷。
从属权利要求中的权利要求2和3有特殊意义,在一柔性的内壳中和在其外面设置的侧面颚板由于内壳的柔性可在相同位置上使残肢获得非常稳定的压力,但另一方面尽管内靴统由于该处受形状限制具有较小的柔性,端部的软垫内侧安排仍能紧靠在残肢端部。
这样可知并非所有残肢范围内的位置都承受相同的侧边压力。发明者认为权利要求4中所定义的大腿假肢较适合。此外,借助于伸长了的,在背外侧范围内布置在大腿骨边缘的颚板提高压力可以提供这样的可能:在对校正用球状压垫来说,用来校正在大腿截肢时通常会出现的大腿骨外展错位,并重新产生稳定骨盆所必需的肌肉预应力。
下面结合大腿假肢的附图详细介绍几种实施例:
图1.带内靴统的大腿假肢靴统纵剖图;
图2.图1中同一靴统和内筒的Ⅱ-Ⅱ线上的截面图;
图3.图1所示的元件的进一步局部放大图;
图4.为另一实施例的示意图;
图5.为又一实施例的相应示意图;
图6.加有一侧面颚板、无内靴统的假肢纵剖图细节。
在图1和2中仅部分示出的大腿假肢2表明是一个经过加固的(未画出)或比较硬的壳式外靴统4和一个装在里面可以取出的、与残肢相吻合的、比较有柔性的内靴统6。在外靴统4封闭的远侧末端8.有一个朝向膝关节的圆柱状构件10(外壳略去未画)。
目前所述的假肢与传统方式的不同,在外靴统和内靴统6的纵向内壁之间装上两个分开的充气软垫12和14,与内壁例如16一起形成颚板。内靴统6的内壁18可由气软垫在相关的范围内向内挤压。另一个充气的软垫20放在内靴统6的内部靠远侧一端,在该处由于内靴统6的内壁18是两维的,且有较强的拱形,因此柔性不一样。该软垫用比较柔软的、弹性强的材料例如橡胶或有弹性的聚氨酯类制成,贴有或不贴织物,以便紧紧贴在残肢端部。
确切地说,软垫12和14放置在与大腿骨24(股骨)的边缘22(虚线所示)相连的背外侧面范围或向中间的远侧范围内,其中软垫12从近身体中心线向远侧伸展,呈长形,软垫14反之呈较圆的形状。
图2箭头所指是大腿骨24通过软垫12任意得到或大或小的内收作用,正如所述,可以此来校正在大腿截肢时多半调节的外展。此外,软垫12和14可以减少靴统体积,加大靴统,具体的说是内靴统6中的残肢接触面,该面可以借助于软垫20使残肢端部的紧密接触具有可控制的负荷,即可随意提高残肢端部的负荷。与此相关,可试用一个限压阀,如图3所示的软垫14旁边的过压阀。另外,软垫可以使内靴统6有足够的体积,以便在软垫未充气的情况下很容易穿上假肢。
如图1所示及在图3更清楚地看到,从每一的软垫例如14有一个较细的软管26通向装在假肢2上的阀门30(或是单独的),可连接一个小的手动气泵32,它象香水喷雾器的原理一样。如图所示气泵32基本上是由一个通过内应力扩大的了的扁平橡皮头34组成,旁边装一个闸门式止回阀35作为进气阀,气泵32隐蔽地装在衣服下边,需要时可重复压紧、放松橡皮头34来操作。用阀门36充入空气,通过阀门30压入软垫14,将其充气。阀门30是有两个阀门件38和40的双向止回阀,其中一个38用从衣服外操作的按钮42从外向里调到释放位置,将软垫14里的气体排放到空气中,需要的话也可将前面提到的限压阀例如25同阀门30制成一体。
图4表示另一种实施例式,在图1和图3中,阀门30和气泵32通过膜片泵44与贮存器46连接,并将流体48从贮存器中抽到软垫例如14里。为此,存贮器46中的流体48处于一个气垫50的压力下,气垫被膜片52与流体48隔开,手动止回阀54可以将软垫14排回存贮器46中,对软垫14所需的压力可以从假肢的侧向弯边获得。其它情况下也可以预设两个膜片泵或同样的泵来排空软垫,其次存贮器46也可同时用作软垫,通过手动隔离阀手压充填或排空软垫14。
根据图1和图2,在假肢靴统中设有多个软垫如12、14和20,它们可以用许多相应的阀门比如30和54与唯一的存贮器连接。
也可以随意用电动的,比方说配有电池的泵来代替手动泵32和34,每个软垫比如12、14和20可以根据没有泵的图5,即通过手动的双通道阀门56从处于压力下的存贮器58中抽入或排出气状介质,尤其是空气。如图所示存贮器58为可调换的筒状容器,有一限压阀以减压阀59的结构安置在存贮器58和双通道阀门56之间。
图6表示的是假肢靴统颚板的又一种实施例。相关的颚板用一弹性金属板60制成,位于假肢靴统62内部。在此情况下是单层的靴统用许多螺钉64固定和支撑,螺钉64固定在弹性金属板60上,可以转动,穿过嵌在靴统62内壁68中的螺母66,可个别调节,螺钉64,在内壁68外面设有滚花圆头。

Claims (9)

1、有壳式靴统(4,6)的假腿肢至少有一个装在靴统内壁(18)的侧板(16;60),及一个装在残肢端部范围的充气软垫(20),其特征在于:靴统(4,6)基本上包围在残肢范围,与残肢端部吻合,软垫(20)平放在相关的靴统底部,至少在靴统内侧需要用足够软的材料制成,以使其紧靠在残肢端部。
2、根据权利要求1所述的假腿肢,其特征在于:靴统以已知的方式由一个外靴统4和一个装在里边的,与有关的残肢轮廓吻合的内靴统6组成,且将与残肢端部范围对应的软垫(20)放在内靴统(6)中。
3、根据权利要求2所述的假腿肢,其特征在于:内靴统(6)至少在其周缘范围内是柔性的,颚板(16)装在外靴统(4)和内靴统(6)之间。
4、根据上述权利要求之一的假腿肢为大腿假肢,其特征在于:一个长形侧颚板(16;60)在背外侧范围内与大腿骨(24)的边缘(22)相贴接,由近身体中心线向远侧伸展,另一个则近似圆状且位于近中的远侧范围。
5、根据上述权利要求之一的假腿肢,其特征在于:颚板(6)由可吹胀的软垫(12,14)组成。
6、根据上述权利要求之一的假腿肢,其特征在于:软垫(12,14,20)用阀门(30;56)充气。
7、根据权利要求1-5之一的假腿肢,其特征在于:软垫(12,14,20)用存贮器(46;58)中的流体充填。
8、根据上述权利要求之一的假腿肢,其特征在于:软垫(12,14,20)与一个限压阀例如过压阀(25)或一个减压阀(59)连接。
9、根据上述权利要求之一的假腿肢,其特征在于:至少靴统内侧的软垫(12,14,20)的壁(16)是由很软的、弹性强的材料制成,例如橡胶或有弹性的聚氨酯类,贴有或不贴织物。
CN93101492A 1992-02-14 1993-02-13 假腿肢 Pending CN1078133A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4204482.0 1992-02-14
DE19924204482 DE4204482C1 (en) 1992-02-14 1992-02-14 Thigh prosthesis with adjustable jaw inside hollow stem - has rounded oblong jaws in medial-distal area, bearing against thigh-bone and extending in proximal-distal direction

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CN1078133A true CN1078133A (zh) 1993-11-10

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CN93101492A Pending CN1078133A (zh) 1992-02-14 1993-02-13 假腿肢
CN93101493A Pending CN1077108A (zh) 1992-02-14 1993-02-13 大腿假肢

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CN93101493A Pending CN1077108A (zh) 1992-02-14 1993-02-13 大腿假肢

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US (1) US5507836A (zh)
EP (2) EP0581934B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN1078133A (zh)
AU (2) AU3496893A (zh)
DE (2) DE59306316D1 (zh)
WO (2) WO1993015695A1 (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106535830B (zh) * 2014-07-22 2018-11-09 奥托·博克保健有限公司 用于假肢的衬套
US10335295B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2019-07-02 Ottobock Se & Co. Kgaa Liner for a prosthesis configured to evacuate a volume between the liner and a socket using a valve and pump chamber each positioned within the liner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3496893A (en) 1993-09-03
DE59306315D1 (de) 1997-06-05
DE59306316D1 (de) 1997-06-05
WO1993015696A1 (de) 1993-08-19
EP0581934A1 (de) 1994-02-09
WO1993015695A1 (de) 1993-08-19
CN1077108A (zh) 1993-10-13
AU3496793A (en) 1993-09-03
EP0581934B1 (de) 1997-05-02
EP0581935B1 (de) 1997-05-02
US5507836A (en) 1996-04-16
EP0581935A1 (de) 1994-02-09

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