CN107810858A - One kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding method - Google Patents
One kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107810858A CN107810858A CN201711159639.4A CN201711159639A CN107810858A CN 107810858 A CN107810858 A CN 107810858A CN 201711159639 A CN201711159639 A CN 201711159639A CN 107810858 A CN107810858 A CN 107810858A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/10—Seeds
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to view and admire sunflower stock breeding method, according to Single-plant selection, selfing isolation, the a small amount of seed of final election individual plant is extracted after indoor species test and carries out plant identification, it is standby to preserve a large amount of seeds of final election individual plant, after plant identification, eliminate the standby kind of bad individual plant, the standby seed mass reproduc of individual plant of the consistent excellent plant of character, then individual plant is selected from the consistent plant of character again, circulate aforesaid operations, obtain next group seed, this method can rapidly and efficiently obtain purity height, character it is consistent view and admire sunflower seed, shorten breeding program, improve breeding efficiency, save breeding cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop fine breed raising technology field, and in particular to one kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding method.
Background technology
Sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) is that composite family (Compositae) Helianthus (Helianthus) is planted
Thing, North America is originated in, China is passed to about at the beginning of 16 end of the centurys or the 17th century.For a long time, sunflower China mainly as
Oil crops and leisure food use.In recent years, as national economic development and living standards of the people improve, people start more
Focus on the enjoyment of cultural life, the features such as sunflower is more with its pattern, and flower pattern is overflowing with enthusiasm is loved by people, rich in viewing and admiring more by force
Property, Jiangsu Inst. of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences complies with agriculture supply side reform and the requirement of Agri-Tourism Development, selected more
Kind of flower pattern and pattern view and admire sunflower new varieties.
Conventional crop stock breeding generally use " three-field system " is plant garden, strain nursery, original seed farm, and " two garden systems " is strain
Row garden and original seed farm produce seed or the method production seed using " individual plant selfing is mixed numerous ", and the above method is typically to be directed to certainly
Flower pollinated plant and Constantly allogamous plant, because its outcrossing seed-setting rate is low, its purity is easily kept by above method.Xiang
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is cross-pollinatd plant, and its homozyous seed generally use self-mating system preserves, and is suitable only for breeding man and carries out field test, sowing quantity
Seldom.For many years practice have shown that, 800-1500 grain seeds can be produced in a general medium sized oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers or food sunflower disk, are seen
Every plant of sunflower of reward typically has 10-15 floral disc, and poppyhead typically has 800-1200 grain seeds, and side shoot floral disc typically has
300-500 grain seeds, every plant can harvest that 4000-5000 grain seeds are even more more, and breeding coefficient is higher.View and admire the plantation of sunflower
Density is typically relatively low, is planted per 667m2 kinds and takes around plantation 1500-2000 strains, unit area need to the amount of kind it is smaller, in order to market
Offer more preferably views and admires sunflower new varieties seed, and we, by long-term practice, grind according to these characteristics for viewing and admiring sunflower
Study carefully and invented this new stock breeding method for being adapted to its fast breeding.
The content of the invention
The invention provides one kind to view and admire sunflower stock breeding method.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is such, and one kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding
Method, comprise the following steps：
1) field Single-plant selection：Field proper seeding by inbreeding of more generation seed selection, be adapted to sight view and admire, character stable and consistent
Sunflower new varieties seed is appreciated, during squaring period, according to the growing way appearance of plant, selection meets the individual plant of kind typical case's character, entered
Line number；The bagging selfing in 1-3 days before stem floral disc is bloomed by the individual plant chosen, Post flowering, superseded floral disc abnormity and pattern
The inconsistent plant with the kind plant pattern, plant division harvesting selfing floral disc by number after elected individual plant maturation；
2) individual plant threshing species test：The species test indoors of the seed for the individual plant that step 1) is chosen, superseded seed properties do not meet the product
The individual plant of typical character is planted, selects 20-50 strains to carry out plant identification in remaining individual plant；
3) plant is identified：A small amount of seed is taken out in the seed for the individual plant chosen from step 2), branch's plantation strain is advanced in order
Row field test；Remaining Seed storage is standby；Wherein, plant height, number of branch, stem floral disc size, three row's floral disc sizes, flower
Color, hundred grain weight, the plant of seed color and shape of the seed neat and consistent are accredited as excellent plant；
4) seed produces：The standby seed that step 3) plant is accredited as numbering individual plant belonging to the consistent excellent plant of character will be passed through
Mixed, and bred by means such as culturing and transplanting seedlings, obtain first seed；
5) will be accredited as by step 3) in excellent plant, according still further to step 1), 2), 3) He 4) the step of and method carry out field
Single-plant selection, individual plant threshing species test, plant identification and seed production, obtain second batch seed, circulate, more criticized successively
Seed.
Preferably, in step 1), during squaring period, plant height is selected to be differed with the average plant height of the kind plant within ± 3cm,
Number of branch differs the individual plant that within ± 2 and leaf color is consistent with the kind plant leaf color with the number of branch of the kind plant and compiled
Number.
Preferably, in step 1), Post flowering, stem floral disc size and the average stem floral disc size of the kind plant are eliminated
Difference ± more than 2cm, three row's floral disc sizes and the kind plant averagely fall three row's floral disc sizes differ ± more than 1cm or with
The inconsistent individual plant of the kind plant pattern.
Preferably, in step 1), the mode of bagging uses whole strain bagging or single according to the progress of blooming of complete stool floral disc
Separate bagging.
Preferably, during the indoor species test of step 2), eliminate hundred grain weight and the hundred grain weight of the kind plant differs greatly
In ± 0.2g, seed color and the kind plant seed color are inconsistent or shape of the seed differs with the kind plant seed shape
The individual plant of cause.
Preferably, when step 3) plant is identified, in elite plant behavior plant between each individual plant within plant height difference ± 3cm,
Number of branch is differed within ± 2, and leaf color is consistent, is green, blackish green or light green, stem floral disc size difference ± 2cm with
Interior, within three row's floral disc size difference ± 1cm, pattern is consistent, is yellow, milk yellow, orange, purple, white or colour,
Each individual plant harvest hundred grain weight is more or less the same in ± 0.2g in plant, and seed color is consistent, is aterrimus, grey, greyish white
Color, flower shell or white, and shape of the seed is consistent, is granule type or long avette.
Preferably, when step 3) plant is identified, the surrounding in plant identification garden plants the seed conduct with the individual plant with kind
Protection zone or long-stalked crop carry out insulation blocking.
Preferably, when step 3) plant is identified, plant quantitative requirement is not less than 20 rows, and each plant is no less than 40 plants.
Preferably, when step 3) plant is identified, disease in each plant of strain and protection zone is pulled out in time, becomes, is bad, miscellaneous plant
Strain, to reduce the risk of variation plant and elected individual plant cross-pollination.
Beneficial effect：The present invention uses Single-plant selection, and a small amount of seed of final election individual plant is extracted after indoor species test and carries out plant mirror
Fixed, the preservation a large amount of seeds of final election individual plant are standby, after plant identification, eliminate the standby kind of bad individual plant, the consistent individual plant of character is standby
With seed mass reproduc, aforesaid operations then are circulated from the consistent plant of character again, obtain more criticizing seed, this method is quick
Efficiently and what is obtained views and admires sunflower seed purity height, and character is consistent, shortens breeding program, improves breeding efficiency, saves breeding
Cost.
The present invention can be achieved to view and admire the stock breeding of sunflower, and large batch of offer is homozygous unanimously, ornamental value is high views and admires
Sunflower seed, field only set individual plant identification garden and seed production field, and the two ratio is about 1 ﹕ 300-500, so as to meet
The supply requirement that market increases year by year to viewing and admiring sunflower, promote sight-seeing agriculture and characteristic small town development.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to view and admire sunflower stock breeding seed flow sheet.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, the embodiment
It is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
One kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding method, comprises the following steps：
1) field Single-plant selection：Field proper seeding by inbreeding of more generation seed selection, be adapted to sight view and admire, character stable and consistent
Sunflower new varieties seed is appreciated, during squaring period, according to the growing way appearance of plant, selects tree characteristics to meet kind typical case's character
Individual plant, that is, plant height is selected to be differed with the average plant height of the kind plant within ± 3cm, number of branch and the number of branch of the kind plant
The individual plant that within ± 2 and leaf color is consistent with the kind plant leaf color is differed to be numbered；The individual plant chosen is spent in stem
It is selfed using whole strain bagging or according to the single bagging that separates of the progress of blooming of complete stool floral disc within 1-3 days before disk is bloomed, Post flowering,
Floral disc abnormity and pattern and the inconsistent individual plant of the kind plant pattern are eliminated, that is, eliminates stem floral disc size and the kind plant
Average stem floral disc size difference ± more than 2cm, three row's floral disc sizes and the kind plant averagely to fall three row's floral discs big
Small difference ± more than 1cm or the plant inconsistent with the kind plant pattern, plant division harvests by number after elected individual plant maturation
It is selfed floral disc；
2) individual plant threshing species test：The species test indoors of the seed for the individual plant that step 1) is chosen, superseded seed properties do not meet the product
The individual plant of the typical character of kind, that is, eliminate hundred grain weight and the hundred grain weight of the kind plant differs by more than ± 0.2g, seed
Color and the kind plant seed color be inconsistent or shape of the seed and the inconsistent individual plant of the kind plant seed shape, remaining
Individual plant in select 20-50 strains to carry out plant identification；
3) plant is identified：A small amount of seed is taken out in the seed for the individual plant chosen from step 2), branch's plantation strain is advanced in order
Row field test, plant quantitative requirement are not less than 20 rows, and each plant is no less than 40 plants；Remaining Seed storage is standby；In order to
Ensure individual plant purity, plant identification garden surrounding plantation with the individual plant with kind seed as protection zone or long-stalked crop
Insulation blocking is carried out, according to growing way appearance, disease in each plant and protection zone is pulled out in time, becomes, be bad, miscellaneous plant；According to strain
The plant height of plant in row, number of branch, stem floral disc size, fall three row's floral disc sizes, pattern, hundred grain weight, seed color and
Whether shape of the seed unanimously determines whether excellent plant, i.e., between each individual plant within plant height difference ± 3cm, number of branch difference
Within ± 2, leaf color is consistent, is green, blackish green or light green, within stem floral disc size difference ± 2cm, three side shoot
Within floral disc size difference ± 1cm, pattern is consistent, is yellow, milk yellow, orange, purple, white or colour etc.；Seed hundred
Grain heavy phase difference is not more than ± 0.2g, and seed color is consistent, is aterrimus, grey, canescence, flower shell or white etc. and seed shape
Shape is consistent, is that granule type or ovate-oblong plant are accredited as excellent plant.
4) seed produces：Step 3) plant will be passed through and be accredited as the standby of numbering individual plant belonging to the consistent excellent plant of character
Seed is mixed, and is bred by means such as culturing and transplanting seedlings, obtains first seed；
5) be accredited as in excellent plant by step 3), according still further to step 1), 2), 3) He 4) the step of and method progress field
Single-plant selection, individual plant threshing species test, plant identification and seed production, obtain second batch seed, circulate, more criticized successively
Seed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (9)
1. one kind views and admires sunflower stock breeding method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
1）Field Single-plant selection：Field proper seeding by inbreeding of more generation seed selection, be adapted to sight view and admire, character stable and consistent
Sunflower new varieties seed is appreciated, during squaring period, according to the growing way appearance of plant, selection meets the individual plant of kind typical case's character, entered
Line number；The bagging selfing in 1-3 days before stem floral disc is bloomed by the individual plant chosen, Post flowering, superseded floral disc abnormity and pattern
The inconsistent plant with the kind plant pattern, plant division harvesting selfing floral disc by number after elected individual plant maturation；
2）Individual plant threshing species test：By step 1）The species test indoors of the seed for the individual plant chosen, superseded seed properties do not meet the product
The individual plant of typical character is planted, selects 20-50 strains to carry out plant identification in remaining individual plant；
3）Plant is identified：From step 2）A small amount of seed is taken out in the seed for the individual plant chosen, branch's plantation in order is entered into plant
Row field test；Remaining Seed storage is standby；Wherein, plant height, number of branch, stem floral disc size, three row's floral disc sizes, flower
Color, hundred grain weight, the plant of seed color and shape of the seed neat and consistent are accredited as excellent plant；
4）Seed produces：Step 3 will be passed through）What plant was accredited as numbering individual plant belonging to the consistent excellent plant of character continues to employ seed
Mixed, and bred by means such as culturing and transplanting seedlings, obtain first seed；
5）It is accredited as by step 3) in excellent plant, according still further to step 1）、2）、3）With 4）The step of and method carry out field
Single-plant selection, individual plant threshing species test, plant identification and seed production, obtain second batch seed, circulate, more criticized successively
Seed.
2. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 1）In, during squaring period, choosing
Select plant height to differ within ± 3cm with the average plant height of the kind plant, number of branch differs ± 2 with the number of branch of the kind plant
Within, and the leaf color individual plant consistent with the kind plant leaf color is numbered.
3. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 1）In, Post flowering, eliminate
Stem floral disc size differs ± more than 2cm with the average stem floral disc size of the kind plant, and three side shoot floral disc sizes are with being somebody's turn to do
Kind plant averagely fall three row's floral disc size difference ± more than 1cm or the individual plant inconsistent with the kind plant pattern.
4. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step（1）In, the mode of bagging
Bagging is separated using whole strain bagging or according to the progress of blooming of complete stool floral disc is single.
5. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 2）During indoor species test, wash in a pan
The hundred grain weight for eliminating hundred grain weight and the kind plant differs by more than ± 0.2g, seed color and the kind plant seed face
Color is inconsistent or shape of the seed and the inconsistent individual plant of the kind plant seed shape.
6. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 3）It is excellent when plant is identified
Good plant is between each individual plant in plant within plant height difference ± 3cm, and number of branch is differed within ± 2, and leaf color is consistent, is green
Color, blackish green or light green, within stem floral disc size difference ± 2cm, within three row's floral disc size difference ± 1cm, pattern
Unanimously, it is yellow, milk yellow, orange, purple, white or colour, each individual plant harvest hundred grain weight is more or less the same in plant
In ± 0.2g, seed color is consistent, is aterrimus, grey, canescence, flower shell or white, and shape of the seed is consistent, is group
Grain type or long avette.
7. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 3）When plant is identified, strain
The surrounding plantation in row identification garden carries out insulation blocking with the seed of kind with the individual plant as protection zone or long-stalked crop.
8. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 3）When plant is identified, strain
Row quantitative requirement is not less than 20 rows, and each plant is no less than 40 plants.
9. the mating system according to claim 1 for viewing and admiring sunflower breeding, it is characterized in that, step 3）When plant is identified, and
When pull out in each plant of strain and protection zone disease, become, be bad, miscellaneous plant, to reduce variation plant and elected individual plant cross-pollination
Risk.
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