CN106106132A - The selection of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke and implantation methods - Google Patents
The selection of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke and implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106106132A CN106106132A CN201610510470.1A CN201610510470A CN106106132A CN 106106132 A CN106106132 A CN 106106132A CN 201610510470 A CN201610510470 A CN 201610510470A CN 106106132 A CN106106132 A CN 106106132A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides the selection of a kind of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, it is determined by phenotype breeding target and hereditary character index as criterion for breeding important in ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke selection, compare with kind with the multiplicity method of different comparison in conjunction with kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive, thus select that to have florescence length, floral disc big, and there is the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of high nutritive value and high-quality jerusalem artichoke flower.The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke selected, has the hereditary character of excellence, is significantly increased compared to existing species of jeruselem artichoke in terms of the character such as jerusalem artichoke flower florescence, time at florescence, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter.Additionally, present invention also offers planting conditions and the cultivation technique of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of the suitable present invention, the extensively plantation of the most this Jerusalem artichoke new varieties, popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the select index planting technology field of species of jeruselem artichoke, particularly to the selection-breeding of a kind of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke
Method, and the implantation methods of this ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke.
Background technology
Jerusalem artichoke is the cultigen that can form underground tuber in Compositae (Compositae) Helianthus, also known as ocean Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, ocean
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Jerusalem artichoke etc., formal name used at school Helianthus tuberosus L, in the torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone and the arid, semiarid in the whole world
There are distribution and the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke strong adaptability in area, likes warm, but cold-resistant；Happiness is moistening, but drought-enduring；Like fertile, but resistance to
Barren, Salt And Alkali Tolerance；It is also widely used for terraced fields and unstable sand ground anticorrosive protection plant hedge, is used for protecting massif water and soil stream
Lose, fix the sand Radix Saposhnikoviae.The research to Jerusalem artichoke both at home and abroad focus mostly on as resistance and improve Coastal beach halophytes in terms of,
Jerusalem artichoke processing is obtained health food aspect, aspect etc. is eaten in development raw, and therefore species of jeruselem artichoke selection-breeding both at home and abroad is normally only to Jerusalem artichoke
The yield of tuber and straw is studied with nutrient content, and to jerusalem artichoke flower and yield, nutrient content analysis etc. as breeding mesh
Target research is less.
Jerusalem artichoke flower has higher enjoying value, takes into account high edibility simultaneously, rich in proteins, ammonia in jerusalem artichoke flower
Base acid, flavone compound, chlorogenic acid compound, inulin, food coloring-b-carotenoid and calcium, ferrum, zinc, selenium, etc. many
Kind of bioactive substance, has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidation, mutation, anti-cancer, the effect such as anticancer, and therefore, jerusalem artichoke flower has extensively
General Development volue, can from Jerusalem artichoke chlorogenic acid extracting, be used for substituting the Cortex Eucommiae or two kinds of medical materials of Flos Lonicerae, be beneficial to expand medical material
Plant origin；Owing to the distinctive fragrance of a flower of jerusalem artichoke flower, nectar are it can also be used to manually putting in a suitable place to breed of Apis, develop bee-keeping industry.But at present
Both at home and abroad generally there is Jerusalem artichoke inflorescence in species of jeruselem artichoke and faceplate diameter is little, flower quantity is few, the florescence is short, plucking time is short, view and admire
Be worth the problems such as on the low side, and at jerusalem artichoke flower agronomic culture, pluck optimal florescence, main component, function value and processing
The aspects such as technique are the most sufficiently researched and developed, and cause jerusalem artichoke flower to be utilized the most widely.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the selection of a kind of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke,
Florescence length, floral disc can be selected greatly, there is the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of high nutrition, high-quality jerusalem artichoke flower.
For achieving the above object, the selection of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
A, determine phenotype breeding target, from species of jeruselem artichoke resource, carry out strain according to phenotype breeding target and strain is many
Objective trait is evaluated and selects, and continuous 5 generations is carried out screening system, filters out initial flowering time before mid-July, the florescence
Persistent period more than 80 days, inflorescence diameter bloom quantity more than 120, straw at more than 8cm, faceplate diameter more than 3cm, individual plant
Stalk color be purple, leaf color for green, Tuber color be aubergine, tuber's characters be shuttle shape type or zigzag type, fertility
Phase is less than 230 days, plant height is less than 220cm, branch's number is more than more than 12, mu dry flower yield 60kg, mu Tuber yields 1500kg
Above Jerusalem artichoke strain；Described phenotype breeding target includes that initial flowering time, persistent period at florescence, inflorescence diameter, floral disc are straight
Bloom quantity, straw color, leaf color, leaf characters, Tuber color, tuber's characters, period of duration, plant height, branch in footpath, individual plant
Number and mu dry flower yield, mu Tuber yields；
B, determining hereditary character index, the Jerusalem artichoke strain obtained step a according to hereditary character index carries out at least 5 years
Variety comparative test, is compared with kind with different comparative approach by kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive, selects ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke；Described
Hereditary character index includes initial bloom stage time, florescence natural law, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields and biological total output.
The selection of the present invention, for selection-breeding ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, is the major traits based on jerusalem artichoke flower, auxiliary it
Other characteristic index is as breeding objective, first by initial flowering time, persistent period at florescence, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter, list
Strain indexs such as quantity of blooming carry out organic assembling, determine the important indicator as phenotype breeding, wherein " initial flowering time, flower
Persistent period phase, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter, individual plant are bloomed quantity " with the tight phase of jerusalem artichoke flower inherited character in breed breeding
Closing, " straw color, plant height, branch's number " is closely related with the Jerusalem artichoke stem inherited character in breed breeding, " leaf characters, blade
Color " it is closely related with the leaf of canada potato inherited character in breed breeding, in " Tuber color, tuber's characters " and breed breeding
Jerusalem artichoke tuber inherited character is closely related, " period of duration, biological total output (including mu fresh straw yield and mu Tuber yields) " with
Jerusalem artichoke overall character inherited character in breed breeding is closely related.Under the guidance of breeding objective, according to phenotype breeding target,
Menu strain in the second filial generation and later field from generation to generation is carried out multiple target character evaluation and the selection of strain and strain, through at least 5
For the systematic breeding of plant, screen year by year, select the some Jerusalem artichoke strains meeting screening criteria.The Jerusalem artichoke product that will filter out afterwards
System carries out variety comparative test, according to sight and two targets of economy of species of jeruselem artichoke, determines with initial bloom stage time, florescence sky
The organic assembling of number, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields and biological 5 hereditary character indexs of total output is as quantitative, qualitative
The important indicator analyzed, through scheduling to last the variety comparative test of at least 5 years, uses kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive ratio to variety comparative test result
Relatively and kind carries out multiplicity with the principle of different comparison with method, variance analysis with generally employing, variance analysis is combined
Only consider that the method for single factor is compared with stability analysis etc., multiple factor can be considered during analyzing simultaneously, so that
Analysis result is more comprehensive, objective, accurate, reliable, thus selection-breeding obtains ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke.In selection, phenotype is educated
Plant index and hereditary character index is most important for the selection-breeding of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, on the basis of the foundation of criterion for breeding,
In conjunction with the multiplicity method of science, selection-breeding obtains florescence length, floral disc greatly, and has high nutritive value and high-quality Jerusalem artichoke
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of flower.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke step b selected is carried out with existing species of jeruselem artichoke
Variety comparative test, the evaluation index of described variety comparative test includes time at florescence, florescence natural law, strain dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter and flower
Dish diameter.
Using time at florescence, florescence natural law, strain dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter and 5 characteristic indexs of faceplate diameter as selection-breeding
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke gone out carries out the evaluation index of variety comparative test to existing relevant species of jeruselem artichoke, embodies selection-breeding of the present invention and obtains
The advantage of species of jeruselem artichoke.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the test method of described step b variety comparative test includes: supplying examination soil is clay,
For examination soil cultivate pH in layer be 7.5-8.4, the content of organic matter be 1.21-1.96g/kg, available nitrogen content be 102-
165mg/kg, available phosphorus contents are 8.8-12.6mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is 124.5-184.0mg/kg；Test seeding row spacing is
100cm*100cm, repeats to test at least 3 times.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke character selected is: period of duration 210-230d, plant height
246-287cm, cane purple is upright, stem 1-4, branch 12-14, head inflorescence, ligulate flower, golden yellow, florescence 7/
10-10/26,100-106 days time at florescence, inflorescence diameter 8-11cm, faceplate diameter 3.2-3.7cm, individual plant flower amount reaches 120-
180；Tuber's characters is shuttle shape type or zigzag type.
Limit further in variety comparative test in edaphic condition, soil the parameters such as fertilizer content, Planting Row Distance, and select
Dendranthema morifolium Varieties shape, obtain the species of jeruselem artichoke that performance is more excellent.
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke obtained via the selection selection-breeding of the present invention, has the character of excellence, period of duration
210-230d, plant height 246-287cm, cane purple is upright, Seedling Stage leaf color bottle green, middle and late stage leaf green, stem
1-4, branch 12-14, head inflorescence, ligulate flower, golden yellow, florescence 7/10-10/26,100-106 days time at florescence,
Inflorescence diameter 8-11cm, faceplate diameter 3.2-3.7cm, individual plant flower amount reaches 120-180, mu dry flower yield 80-90 kilogram, block
Stem character is shuttle shape type or zigzag type.In terms of the character such as jerusalem artichoke flower florescence, time at florescence, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter
It is significantly increased compared to existing species of jeruselem artichoke, selects florescence length, floral disc greatly, there is high nutrition, the sight of high-quality jerusalem artichoke flower
Reward type species of jeruselem artichoke.
Meanwhile, present invention also offers the implantation methods of a kind of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke as above, use ridge culture kind
Implant model, planting density is line-spacing 100cm × spacing in the rows 50cm, ridging bottom width 30cm, ridge height 30cm, Jerusalem artichoke plant height 40cm opportunity
Tool weeding is earthed up, and ridge bottom width reaches 40cm.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, use and planted by kind of the terminal bud that block accelerating germination obtains and waist bud.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the total fertilization amount of plantation ornamental type every mu of planting site of species of jeruselem artichoke is 24kg-
36kg, including carbamide be 9-13.5kg, diammonium 5-7.5kg, potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
Invention further provides the planting conditions of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of suitable selection-breeding of the present invention, be beneficial to this
The plantation of Jerusalem artichoke new varieties.
In sum, use technical scheme, be determined by phenotype breeding target and hereditary character index conduct
Criterion for breeding important in ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke selection, compares with kind with different ratio in conjunction with kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive
Multiplicity method relatively, thus select that to have florescence length, floral disc big, and there is high nutritive value and high-quality jerusalem artichoke flower
Ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke.The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke selected, has the hereditary character of excellence, at jerusalem artichoke flower florescence, flower
The character aspects such as time phase, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter are significantly increased compared to existing species of jeruselem artichoke, are more conducive to jerusalem artichoke flower
Exploitation.Additionally, present invention also offers planting conditions and the cultivation technique of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of the suitable present invention,
It is beneficial to the extensively plantation of this Jerusalem artichoke new varieties, promotes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing of the part constituting the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and the present invention's is schematic real
Execute example and illustrate for explaining the present invention, being not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke plant forms photo described in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 2 is the conventional species of jeruselem artichoke plant forms photo described in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 3 is the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke jerusalem artichoke flower form photo described in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 4 is the conventional species of jeruselem artichoke jerusalem artichoke flower form photo described in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
The present embodiment relates to the selection-breeding of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, and selection comprises the following steps:
A, bloom with initial flowering time, persistent period at florescence, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter, individual plant quantity, straw face
Color, leaf color, leaf characters, Tuber color, tuber's characters, period of duration, plant height, branch's number and mu dry flower yield, mu tuber
These indexs of yield, as phenotype breeding target, carry out selection-breeding screening from 21 species of jeruselem artichoke resources both domestic and external；According to upper
State index, menu strain in the second filial generation (F2) and later field from generation to generation is carried out multiple target character evaluation and selection, individual plant is divided
For Three Estate, first-class individual plant is attached most importance to individual plant, and primary part observation selects the most from generation to generation；Second-class individual plant is general individual plant, can continue
Retain plantation, decide what to use depending on strain performance the most from generation to generation；Third individual plant is poor individual plant, eliminates；Through continuous 5 generation plant systems
System selection-breeding, screen year by year, filter out initial flowering time before mid-July, the persistent period at florescence more than 80 days, inflorescence straight
Footpath more than 8cm, faceplate diameter more than 3cm, individual plant bloom quantity more than 120, straw color be purple, leaf color be green
Color, Tuber color be aubergine, tuber's characters be shuttle shape type or zigzag type, period of duration less than 230 days, plant height less than 220cm,
Branch's number is more than 4 strains more than 12, mu dry flower yield 60kg, more than every per mu yield 1500kg of tuber, and systematic naming method is
LF-31、LF-32、LF-33、LF-34；
B, 4 strains LF-31 step a filtered out, LF-32, LF-33, LF-34 are carried out with check clone green grass or young crops taro No. 2
Variety comparative test, with initial bloom stage time, florescence natural law, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields, biological total output (biological total output
Summation for mu fresh straw yield Yu mu Tuber yields) 5 hereditary character indexs are as screening and assessment index；Variety comparative test is planted
Condition is experimental plot length 20 meters, wide 10 mu, is clay for examination soil, cultivates layer pH value 8.1, the content of organic matter for examination soil
1.76g/kg, available nitrogen content 115mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 9.8mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 154.0mg/kg, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Seeding row spacing is 100cm*100cm, repeats for 3 times, field random alignment；Respectively try during the growth of comparison experiment process itemized record Jerusalem artichoke
Test the Jerusalem artichoke growing state of community, by field species test, registration list, reapply kind and carry out variety protection with different comparative approach
Analyzing, result of the test is as shown in the table:
Initial bloom stage time, florescence natural law, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields and biology is obtained according to gray relation grades method
The weight of 5 hereditary characters of total output, receives with individual plant when October gathers in the crops, and selects more than single plant yield 2kg, and individual plant jerusalem artichoke flower produces
The Jerusalem artichoke material of amount more than 0.1kg individually preserves to make seed in the coming year, carries out the variety comparative test of 5 years by a definite date, by kind Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt
Multidimensional Comprehensive compares with kind with different comparative approach, selects ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke LF-31 (corridor taro No. 31).
Embodiment two
The present embodiment relates to the Character Evaluation of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke that the present invention selects.
Select corridor taro No. 31 and existing species of jeruselem artichoke Ji taro No. 5, the length of northeast, northwest, south China, Hebei zones of different selection-breeding
Ridge resource, god taro No. 1, lucky taro No. 4, lucky taro No. 1, blue or green taro No. 2, south taro No. 2 totally 8 species of jeruselem artichoke have carried out variety comparative test, with
Time at florescence, florescence natural law, individual plant dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter, 5 hereditary character indexs of faceplate diameter refer to as Character Evaluation
Mark；Variety comparative test planting conditions is experimental plot length 20 meters, wide 10 mu, is clay for examination soil, cultivates layer for examination soil
PH9.6, content of organic matter 1.78g/kg, available nitrogen content 105mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 10.4mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content
162.0mg/kg, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN seeding row spacing is 100cm*100cm, repeats for 3 times, field random alignment；Comparison experiment process is detailed
During record Jerusalem artichoke growth, the Jerusalem artichoke growing state of each experimental plot, by field species test, registration list, reapplies kind with different
Comparative approach carries out variety protection analysis, and result of the test is as shown in the table:
Time at florescence, florescence natural law, strain dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter and faceplate diameter 5 is obtained according to gray relation grades method
The weight of hereditary character, the quantitative analysis by upper table is visible, and the flowers are in blossom Jerusalem artichoke for the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke that the present invention selects
The hereditary character aspects such as florescence, time at florescence, strain dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter have compared to existing species of jeruselem artichoke
Significantly improve.
To corridor taro No. 31, lucky taro No. 5, Chang Ling resource, blue or green taro No. 2, the jerusalem artichoke flower nutrition of south taro No. 2 totally 5 species of jeruselem artichoke
Composition carries out detection and analyzes, and uses full-automatic microplate reader, visible-ultraviolet spectrophotometer and biochemistry analyzer to detect Jerusalem artichoke respectively
Protein, total sugar, total flavones, oligofructose, 16 kinds of aminoacid and calcium, ferrum, zinc, selenium, arsenic, the content of lead of flower, each Jerusalem artichoke product
The jerusalem artichoke flower planted is taken from bud stage, full-bloom stage respectively, is withered three periods of phase, and testing result is as shown in the table:
From upper table result, the jerusalem artichoke flower nutritional labeling of corridor taro No. 31 is the highest.
As can be seen here, the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of selection-breeding of the present invention has florescence length, floral disc greatly, jerusalem artichoke flower quality better, battalion
Support and be worth high advantage.
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke character selected is: period of duration 210-230d, plant height 246-287cm, cane purple is straight
Vertical, Seedling Stage leaf color bottle green, middle and late stage leaf green, stem 1-4, branch 12-14, head inflorescence, ligulate flower,
Golden yellow, florescence 7/10-10/26,100-106 days time at florescence, inflorescence diameter 8-11cm, faceplate diameter 3.2-3.7cm, single
ZHUHUA amount reaches 120-180, mu dry flower yield 80-90 kilogram；Tuber's characters is shuttle shape type or zigzag type.Edit according to Li Li
" Jerusalem artichoke " book introduction, Jerusalem artichoke inflorescence divides (>8cm greatly), in (6-8cm), little (<6cm) three grades, Jerusalem artichoke floral disc is a diameter of
About 1.5cm, the inflorescence of the corridor taro that the present invention selects No. 31 is 8-11cm, it is clear that its inflorescence is maximum；Faceplate diameter reaches
3.2-3.7cm, much larger than usual floral disc；The yield of Jerusalem artichoke dry flower, by common 30-35 kilogram, brings up to 80-90 kilogram, compares mesh
Front domestic existing species of jeruselem artichoke increases production 2.57-2.66 times, and nutritional labeling significantly improves.
The plant forms of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke of selection-breeding is as it is shown in figure 1, its cane purple is upright, shown in Fig. 2
The plant forms of conventional species of jeruselem artichoke, be significantly increased in terms of straw branch amount, fineness degree and yield；The ornamental type of selection-breeding
The jerusalem artichoke flower form of species of jeruselem artichoke is as it is shown on figure 3, compared to the jerusalem artichoke flower form of the conventional species of jeruselem artichoke shown in Fig. 4, Jerusalem artichoke
Flower yield aspect significantly improves.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment relates to the implantation methods of the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke that the present invention selects, it is provided that ornamental type Jerusalem artichoke new product
The supporting planting technology planted.
Embodiment 3.1
The impact that the present embodiment relates to planting area, ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke is planted by planting density.
Respectively in Hebei province's Langfang City peace time, wide sun, Wenan, Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, east, the Pingshan Mountain big I,
Luquan Dong Zhuan, the ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke corridor taro No. 31 that Deng Di planted in different ecological areas, Wuqing, the Tianjin plantation present invention selects, examination
Test 4 planting density: 70cm × 50cm, 80cm × 50cm, 90cm × 50cm and 100cm × 50cm, randomized block design, three
Repeating, result of the test is as shown in the table:
From upper table result, in Hebei, each ecological playground in Tianjin, No. 31 kinds of corridor taro be equipped with 90cm × 50cm and
The planting density of 100cm × 50cm, the branch amount obtained, plant height, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields, biological total output and
Straw tuber is more maximum than 6 integrated identic degrees between character and ideal character, belongs to strong with gesture improved seeds planting density group
Close.The corridor taro of the present invention No. 31 is tested in different ecological region, solves current breed breeding and is confined to single area
Problem.
Embodiment 3.2
The impact that the present embodiment relates to planting soil, ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke is planted by cropping pattern.
Respectively in Hebei province's Langfang City peace time, wide sun, Wenan, east, the Pingshan Mountain, Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province big I, Luquan Dong Zhuan, sky
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke corridor taro No. 31 that the soil type plantation present invention on the ground such as Wuqing, Jinshi City selects, test sets ridge
Making, put down and make both of which, planting density is for waiting line-spacing 100cm × spacing in the rows 50cm, and ridging bottom width 30cm, ridge height 30cm, mu is executed multiple
Hefei (N:P:K=15:15:8) 30kg, weeding by machine's ridging during plant height 40cm, ridge bottom width reaches 40cm, randomized block design,
Three repetitions, on April 1 date of seeding, gather in the crops mid-November, and plantation result is as shown in the table:
From upper table result, under different soil (environment), each major traits of corridor taro No. 31 has significantly different,
Illustrate that planting environment has certain impact to this Jerusalem artichoke new varieties, by test different soils quality property main to corridor taro No. 31
The impact of shape index, to improve the mu dry flower yield of corridor taro No. 31.In different land use patterns, beneficially Jerusalem artichoke goes out ridge culture planting pattern
Seedling, can significantly improve Jerusalem artichoke emergence rate, and the structure for later stage Reasonable population lays the foundation, thus be beneficial to solve Jerusalem artichoke anti-fall, increase
Product problem.Further, since Jerusalem artichoke has the characteristic storing root growth for many years, stay the Jerusalem artichoke in soil and store root and tuber, easily cause
The coming year, miscellaneous shoot root was except time-consuming problem, and determining that Jerusalem artichoke plant height 40cm carries out weeding by test is best period, it is possible to resolve
Miscellaneous shoot root removes problem.
Embodiment 3.3
The present embodiment relates to the impact that ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke is planted by different parts kind bud.
For examination soil be loam, for examination soil cultivate a layer pH7.8, content of organic matter 1.54g/kg, available nitrogen content
102mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 8.5mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 136.0mg/kg edaphic condition under plant corridor taro No. 31, test
Design seeding row spacing is 80cm*60cm, repeats for 3 times, field random alignment.Kind is planted block and is unified accelerating germination, plants the long 1.5-2.5 of block terminal bud
Centimetre time, according to the terminal bud of kind of block, waist bud and tail bud stripping and slicing respectively, (represent terminal bud plantation with M1, M2 represents waist bud in classification field planting
Plantation, M3 represent tail bud plantation), the 2 pieces of potato seeds of every bunch planting kind, resident time is April 5, after planting waters, and late October receives
Obtaining, plantation result is as shown in the table:
From upper table result, different parts kind bud is used to plant, on plantation result impact substantially, Rule Summary
As follows:
1. selecting the kind bud of different parts as kind of a block, its seedling-growing time significant difference, wherein terminal bud is more Zao than waist bud emerges
About 5.5 days, more Zao than tail bud emerging 12.5 days, M1, M2 seedling than M3 is the most sturdy simultaneously, illustrates, Jerusalem artichoke terminal bud and waist bud pair
Nurturing staff is significantly better than tail bud；
2. the kind bud of different parts is little on plant height impact, but has an impact branch amount, and between M1, M2, difference is inconspicuous,
The total branch amount of M1, M2, apparently higher than M3, illustrates that position, the ground population distribution of plant is affected notable by the bud of planting of different parts；
3. M1 increases production 12% than M2 tuber, and M1 increases production 27.3% than M3 tuber, illustrates that the kind bud of different parts is to Jerusalem artichoke block
The volume variance of stem is obvious；
4. the stem stalk of M1, M2, M3 and the ratio change of tuber are minimum, illustrate that the biological total of plant is produced by the bud of planting of different parts
Amount impact is to synchronize, and the main cause of impact biological total output change is time and the upgrowth situation of seedling of trophophase, by
This visible waist bud using kind of block and terminal bud are as the basis that important on producing is high yield.
Embodiment 3.4
The present embodiment relates to the impact that ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke is planted by rich water quality management.
For examination soil be sandy loam, for examination soil cultivate a layer pH8.53, content of organic matter 1.457g/kg, available nitrogen
Content 96.29mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 6.68mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 144.0mg/kg edaphic condition under plant corridor taro 31
Number, April 2 was sowed, and plant line-spacing is 50cm × 100cm, repeated for 3 times, field random alignment, gathered in the crops mid-November, different
Result is planted as shown in the table under fertilizer application condition:
From upper table result, with the increase of dose, Jerusalem artichoke vine growth and development progress faster, plant plant height increases,
Straw, Tuber yields, dry flower yield are all improved, but the increasing degree of straw and Tuber yields with dose increase and by
The least, therefore, when Jerusalem artichoke plant Spacing form is 50cm × 100cm, every mu of optimum fertilizing amount is 24～36kg, wherein
Carbamide is 9～13.5kg, diammonium 5～7.5kg, potassium sulfate 10～15kg, it follows that between corridor taro No. 31 fertilising and yield
Mutual relation.
Claims (7)
1. the selection of an ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
A, determine phenotype breeding target, from species of jeruselem artichoke resource, carry out the multiple target of strain and strain according to phenotype breeding target
In continuous 5 generations, are carried out screening system by Character Evaluation and selection, filter out initial flowering time before mid-July, the florescence lasting
Time more than 80 days, inflorescence diameter bloom quantity more than 120, straw face at more than 8cm, faceplate diameter more than 3cm, individual plant
Color be purple, leaf color for green, Tuber color be aubergine, tuber's characters be that shuttle shape type or zigzag type, period of duration are little
In 230 days, plant height less than 220cm, branch's number more than more than 12, mu dry flower yield 60kg, mu more than Tuber yields 1500kg
Jerusalem artichoke strain；Described phenotype breeding target includes initial flowering time, persistent period at florescence, inflorescence diameter, faceplate diameter, list
Strain bloom quantity, straw color, leaf color, leaf characters, Tuber color, tuber's characters, period of duration, plant height, branch's number and
Mu dry flower yield, mu Tuber yields；
B, determining hereditary character index, the Jerusalem artichoke strain obtained step a according to hereditary character index carries out the product ratio of at least 5 years
Test, is compared with kind with different comparative approach by kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive, selects ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke；Described heredity
Characteristic index includes initial bloom stage time, florescence natural law, mu fresh straw yield, mu Tuber yields and biological total output.
The selection of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step b is selected
Ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke and existing species of jeruselem artichoke carry out variety comparative test, the evaluation index of described variety comparative test include the time at florescence,
Florescence natural law, strain dry flower yield, inflorescence diameter and faceplate diameter.
The selection of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step b product are had a competition
The test method tested includes: for examination soil be clay, for examination soil cultivate pH in layer be 7.5-8.4, the content of organic matter be
1.21-1.96g/kg, available nitrogen content are 102-165mg/kg, available phosphorus contents is 8.8-12.6mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is
124.5-184.0mg/kg；Test seeding row spacing is 100cm*100cm, repeats to test at least 3 times.
The selection of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ornamental type chrysanthemum selected
Taro varietal character is: period of duration 210-230d, plant height 246-287cm, and cane purple is upright, stem 1-4, branch 12-14,
Head inflorescence, ligulate flower, golden yellow, florescence 7/10-10/26,100-106 days time at florescence, inflorescence diameter 8-11cm, floral disc
Diameter 3.2-3.7cm, individual plant flower amount reaches 120-180；Tuber's characters is shuttle shape type or zigzag type.
5. the implantation methods of an ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke, it is characterised in that use ridge culture planting pattern to plant by claim
The ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke that selection according to any one of 1-4 selects, planting conditions includes: planting density is line-spacing
100cm × spacing in the rows 50cm, ridging bottom width 30cm, ridge height 30cm, weeding by machine's ridging during Jerusalem artichoke plant height 40cm, ridge bottom width reaches
40cm。
The implantation methods of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: use and obtained by kind of block accelerating germination
To terminal bud and waist bud plant.
The implantation methods of ornamental type species of jeruselem artichoke the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: plantation ornamental type Jerusalem artichoke product
The total fertilization amount planting every mu of planting site is 24kg-36kg, including carbamide 9-13.5kg, diammonium 5-7.5kg, potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
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| CN108739213A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 徐州佳昶农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Cologne palpus chrysanthemum implantation methods |
| CN113303188A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Evaluation model and variety screening method for appreciation and eating dual-purpose broad beans |
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