CN107810055A - 用于二甲苯异构化的脱硅zsm‑5 催化剂 - Google Patents
用于二甲苯异构化的脱硅zsm‑5 催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107810055A CN107810055A CN201680036421.7A CN201680036421A CN107810055A CN 107810055 A CN107810055 A CN 107810055A CN 201680036421 A CN201680036421 A CN 201680036421A CN 107810055 A CN107810055 A CN 107810055A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- zsm
- acid
- catalyst
- zeolite
- desiliconization
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 87
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LODHFNUFVRVKTH-ZHACJKMWSA-N 2-hydroxy-n'-[(e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]benzohydrazide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NNC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 LODHFNUFVRVKTH-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005167 3-hydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017912 NH2OH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017920 NH3OH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dicesium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+].[Cs+] AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001953 rubidium(I) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) silicon(4+) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 25
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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Abstract
本文提供的是一种制造二甲苯异构化催化剂的方法,其包括步骤:(i)将具有约20至约50的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约50平方米/克至约200平方米/克的中孔表面积的SZM‑5沸石起始材料在反应器中与碱接触以提供中间体沸石材料;(ii)回收步骤(i)的中间体ZSM‑5沸石材料;(iii)将所述中间体沸石材料与酸接触以提供酸处理的ZSM‑5沸石产品;(iv)回收所述酸处理的ZSM‑5沸石材料;以及(v)将所述酸处理的ZSM‑5沸石材料煅烧以提供具有约20至约150的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约100平方米/克至约400平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM‑5沸石产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型二甲苯异构化催化剂及其制造方法。
背景技术
对二甲苯(也称“对位二甲苯”或“PX”)是用于制造对苯二甲酸的重要的烃原料。对二甲苯通常被认为是最重要的C8芳香族异构体,被用作合成纤维和制瓶用塑料等多种最终用途的中间体或原料。对二甲苯典型地通过包括芳族化合物提取和分馏在内的过程从重整油衍生的C8芳烃混合物中获得。虽然该起始C8芳烃混合物的组成在很广的范围内变化,但该混合物通常包含5至40重量%的乙苯,余量的二甲苯分为约50重量%的间二甲苯和各25重量%的对二甲苯和邻二甲苯(这种分布考虑二甲苯的标称(nominal)“平衡浓度”)。一些统计显示,由于二甲苯的80重量%或更多的最终用途涉及将对二甲苯转化为上述最终用途,所以从对二甲苯的C8异构体间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和乙苯中获得对二甲苯是大量持续研究的主题。
发明内容
本文提供的是一种制造二甲苯异构化催化剂的方法,其包括步骤:(i)将具有约20至约50的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约50平方米/克至约200平方米/克的中孔表面积的SZM-5沸石起始材料在反应器中与碱在约20℃至约100℃的温度下接触约1分钟至10小时的碱处理时间,以提供中间体沸石材料,其中所述ZSM-5沸石在碱中以约1重量%至约20重量%的量存在;(ii)回收步骤(i)的中间体ZSM-5沸石材料;(iii)将所述中间体沸石材料与酸在约20℃至约100℃的温度下接触约1分钟至约10小时的酸处理时间,以提供酸处理的ZSM-5沸石产品;(iv)回收所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料;以及(v)将所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料在约300℃至约700℃的温度下煅烧约0.2小时至约6小时的时间段,以提供具有约20至约150的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约100平方米/克至约400平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM-5沸石产品。
所述ZSM-5沸石起始材料具有小于1微米的平均晶体尺寸长度、宽度和厚度。
所述碱基本上选自:NaOH,LiOH,KOH,RbOH,CsOH,Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,NH4OH,Li2O,Na2O,K2O,Rb2O,Cs2O,MgO,和CaO;式R’OM的碱金属醇盐,其中R’基本上选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基和苯基,M基本上选自Li,Na和K;式R”NH3OH,R”2NH2OH,R”3NHOH,R”4NOH的烷基氢氧化铵,其中R”基本上选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基和丁基;或其任何组合。
在一种实施方案中,所述碱在碱处理期间被递增地加入到反应器中。在另一种实施方案中,所述碱在碱处理期间被连续地加入到反应器中。
所述酸基本上选自:HF,HCl,HBr,HI,HNO2,HNO3,H2SO3,H2SO4,H3PO3,H3PO4,H3BO3,草酸,柠檬酸,乙酸,苯甲酸,甲酸,丙酸,氟乙酸,三氟乙酸,乳酸,酒石酸,抗坏血酸,丙二酸,马来酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,2-羟基苯甲酸,3-羟基苯甲酸和4-羟基苯甲酸,或其任何组合。
本文还提供了一种具有约20至约150的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约100平方米/克至约400平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM-5沸石产品。
在一种实施方案中,所述产品进一步包含基本上选自以下的载体:氧化铝载体、二氧化硅载体、二氧化硅-氧化铝载体、二氧化钛载体和氧化锆载体或其任何组合。在另一种实施方案中,所述产品进一步包含载体和基本上选自钼、铂、钯、铑、钌、镍、铁、锇、铱、钨和铼的氢化金属。在一种实施方案中,所述氢化金属以约0.5重量%至约10重量%、优选约1重量%至约5重量%的量存在。
附图说明
在下面的详细说明中,将参考附图,其中:
图1显示了脱硅后的ZSM-5沸石粉末的实际TEM图像;
图2显示了ZSM-5沸石和脱硅ZSM-5沸石的二甲苯异构化结果;
图3显示了相对二甲苯异构化活性;
图4显示了六种最活泼的异构化催化剂的相对二甲苯异构化活性;
图5显示了观察到的六种最活泼的异构化催化剂的二甲苯损失;
图6显示了相对于催化剂A的二甲苯损失;
图7显示了催化剂E,J,C,M和N相对于催化剂A的二甲苯损失/二甲苯异构化活性的比率;
图8显示了观察到的催化剂A,E,J,C,M和N的乙苯转化率;
图9显示了相对于催化剂A的乙苯转化率/二甲苯异构化活性的比率;
图10显示了母催化剂C和脱硅催化剂M和催化剂N的乙苯转化率和二甲苯损失;
图11显示了催化剂A、C和催化剂C的脱硅变体的异构化活性;
图12显示了表示为相对于催化剂A性能的二甲苯损失与二甲苯异构化活性的比率的二甲苯损失;
图13a显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的相对二甲苯异构化活性与中孔表面积的关系图;
图13b显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的相对二甲苯损失与中孔表面积的关系图;
图13c显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的相对二甲苯损失/二甲苯异构化活性与中孔表面积的关系图;
图13d显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的中孔表面积与产率%的关系图。
图13e显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的相对二甲苯异构化活性与产率%的关系图;
图13f显示了脱硅ZSM-5催化剂的相对二甲苯损失/二甲苯异构化活性与产率%的关系图;
图14a显示了催化剂B、EE和P的二甲苯异构化活性与运行天数之间的关系图;
图14b显示了催化剂B、EE和P的乙苯转化活性与运行天数之间的关系图。
具体实施方式
现在转向附图,更具体地参考图1,所示为脱硅后的ZSM-5沸石粉末的实际TEM图像。左下角的小比例尺表示10纳米的长度。在脱硅材料中可见中孔和空穴。
使用多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪筛选脱硅处理之前和之后的许多市售ZSM-5沸石。然后选择用于二甲苯异构化的最活泼的ZSM-5催化剂C进行更详细的研究,目的是对脱硅过程和所得催化剂的性能进行优化。
总共评估了十种具有不同Al含量和微晶尺寸、具有小于100的SAR值(SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比)的市售ZSM-5粉末。表I中给出了这些ZSM-5沸石的分析表征数据以及催化剂C和由其制备的两种脱硅材料的分析表征数据。在催化测试之前,ZSM-5样品在空气中在510℃下煅烧4小时,使用以下温度程序:在165℃下干燥4小时,在4小时内升至510℃,在510℃下保持4小时,然后冷却至50℃。
表I分析数据
a计算自ICP数据的SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比
b相对于参考ZSM-5
表I底部所示的两种脱硅ZSM-5样品制备如下:将催化剂C用0.5M NaOH水溶液在85℃下处理90分钟,冷却,过滤,用去离子(“DI”)水洗涤,用~10重量%的草酸水溶液在70℃下处理2小时,冷却,过滤,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,并在510℃下煅烧4小时。第一制备催化剂M使用相对于NaOH两倍量的ZSM-5(100gZSM-5,1650gNaOH)以减少产量损失,接着使用100g草酸二水合物在1000mL去离子水中的溶液。第二制备催化剂N使用60g ZSM-5在1980g 0.5MNaOH中进行脱硅,然后用144g草酸二水合物在1440mL去离子水中的溶液进行随后的酸处理。
采用的催化剂表征方法包括电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP),X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和CHN元素分析,用于鉴定相和结晶度的X射线衍射(XRD),用于表征表面积和孔隙度的N2物理吸附,用于分析微晶尺寸、形貌和中孔结构的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)。
多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行使用40mg(+/-0.2mg)经研磨并筛分至53-200微米的催化剂A装料,并装载于2.0-mm ID多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪反应器管中。在反应器负载之前将纯ZSM-5粉末筛分至53-200微米,并且使用8.0mg(+/-0.1mg)的装料以便具有与催化剂A(在氧化铝载体上的20重量%硼硅酸盐分子筛)相同的分子筛负载量,如美国专利号6,518,472中所公开。将8.0mg的各种ZSM-5在两批20mg的惰性α-氧化铝装料之间装入多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪反应器管中。每种催化剂通常重复地进行测试(在同一个多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行中的两个反应器),并且在绝大多数情况下,重复试验的结果非常相似。结果以重复试验的平均值计算。多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪在异构化条件下(600°F,225psig,1.5:1H2/HC摩尔比,对于40mg催化剂,混合二甲苯的进料速率相当于38h-1WHSV)开始运行~1天,然后切换到乙苯转化条件下(700°F,200psig,2:1H2/HC摩尔比,10h-1WHSV混合二甲苯进料)1-2天。在完成乙苯转化(“EBC”)条件后,回到二甲苯异构化(“Isom”)条件进行之后的运行。因为通常在初始的Isom期间观察到明显的失活,所以一些最后的运行是使用EBC-Isom序列完成的,没有初始的Isom条件时期。将包含25%邻二甲苯、50%间二甲苯、9.5%对二甲苯和12%乙苯的混合二甲苯用作烃原料。
所有市售ZSM-5样品在煅烧后都进行了性能测试,如实验部分所述的由催化剂C制备的两种脱硅材料也是如此。
图2所示的结果是两次多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行的结果,从在初始Isom条件下运行21-25小时收集,在此期间每个反应器取样一次。所示%pX/二甲苯反应器排除液(pX/X)值代表每种催化剂(催化剂C除外)的重复测试的平均值。所有的重复对都非常一致,pX/X值在相互的0.1-0.2绝对%之内。催化剂A参考催化剂在两次运行中都产生22.2%的pX/X;因此两次运行的异构化结果合并在图2中。
图2中的图表显示,与催化剂A、催化剂C和催化剂E相比,只有两种ZSM-5沸石具有更高的异构化活性。这两种沸石都主要由尺寸小于1微米的小晶体组成,而其他沸石由大于1微米的晶体构成。
在图3中,首先使用公式XIA=-ln(1-接近pX平衡的分数)将来自图2的数据转化为二甲苯异构化活性(XIA),然后通过各自除以催化剂A的XIA(1.88)转化为相对值。这些结果表明,在这些条件下,催化剂C及其两种脱硅化衍生物的初始异构化活性是催化剂A的1.5-1.6倍。图4是相同的,只是仅显示了六种最活泼的异构化催化剂的多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪的结果。
当多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪被切换到EBC条件(700°F等)时,在第一次运行中从运行37-44小时收集数据,在第二次运行中从运行41-48小时收集数据,每次运行期间各反应器取样一次。对催化剂的重复对的结果取平均值,但彼此密切相符。图5中描绘的结果是观察到的六种最活泼的异构化催化剂的二甲苯损失。二甲苯损失通过“进入的二甲苯-出去的二甲苯”方法计算,即通过比较反应器进料(空白反应器排出液)和催化剂反应器排出液中的二甲苯含量。所示的催化剂A和催化剂E的数据来自第一次多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪器运行,而其他四个催化剂来自第二运行。催化剂A第一次运行中的二甲苯损失(4.3%)略高于第二次运行(4.0%,未显示在图5中)。图8是观察到的这些催化剂的乙苯转化率的图表。催化剂A在第一次运行中的EB转化率(30.8%)略高于第二次运行(29.0%,未显示在图8中)。
图6是相对于催化剂A的二甲苯损失的曲线图,表示在各个多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行中观察到的每种催化剂的二甲苯损失除以催化剂A的二甲苯损失(第一次运行中催化剂A的二甲苯损失为4.3%;第二次运行中为4.0%)。结果表明,所有三种ZSM-5和两种脱硅衍生物显示出比催化剂A更高的二甲苯损失。然而,如在600°F条件下测量的,它们中的四种也比催化剂A具有更高的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)。因此,更适当的性能衡量标准是在等同异构化活性下比较二甲苯损失。因此,图7是每种催化剂相对于催化剂A的二甲苯损失/XIA比率的图,意味着每种催化剂的XL/XIA比例除以在相应多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行中观察到的催化剂A的XL/XIA比率(第一次运行中催化剂A的XL/XIA比率为2.3,第二次运行中为2.1)。二甲苯损失在700°F条件下测量,XIA在600°F下测量。
图7中的结果表明,在相对于异构化活性的二甲苯损失方面,两种脱硅ZSM-5催化剂M和催化剂N的性能非常接近于催化剂A,其中第二种脱硅ZSM-5催化剂N与催化剂A基本相同。在图9中显示的相对EBC/XIA比例中看到非常类似的趋势。
如表I中的ICP数据所示,所使用的脱硅程序也引起母本ZSM-5催化剂C的部分脱铝。如图10所示,母催化剂C和脱硅催化剂M和催化剂N的EB转化率和二甲苯损失大致与沸石铝含量(以及布朗斯特(Bronsted)酸度)成正比。
进行两种其它ZSM-5的脱硅反应:催化剂E和催化剂J。催化剂E是另一种在上述初始筛选中显示出比催化剂A更高的异构化活性的沸石,而催化剂J的活性比催化剂A稍低。所采用的合成方法与上述类似,碱处理的一些细节在表II中给出。NaOH脱硅处理在碱性溶液中使用3%固体(沸石粉末)浓度。在NaOH脱硅处理之后,过滤收集固体产品,用水洗涤,干燥,在室温下用10重量%的草酸水溶液处理4小时,洗涤,干燥并在510℃下煅烧。表II中给出了煅烧产品的分析数据。如前所述,使用多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪进行粉末产品的催化测试。所述多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行在Isom条件下开始一天,切换到EBC条件下1-2天,然后回到Isom条件。从EBC条件下的最后几个小时获得二甲苯损失(XL)和乙苯转化结果,而异构化结果从EBC之后返回Isom条件的最初几个小时取得(XIA,pX/X)。表II还对多台固定床反应器催化剂测试仪的催化结果进行了总结。在多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪运行中,以相对于催化剂A参比的XL/XIA比率测量选择性(二甲苯损失)。
表II J和E的脱硅化
a在“Isom”条件(600°F,225psig,1.5/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量的相对于A的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)
b相对于A的二甲苯损失(XL)与XIA的比率,其中XL在“EBC”条件(700°F,200psig,2/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量,XIA在“Isom”条件下测量。
催化剂J:结果表明,脱硅可以略微提高其相对于催化剂A的异构化活性(XIA),但是不会高于其他两种沸石(催化剂C和催化剂E)的活性水平。我们观察到的最低XL/XIA比率比催化剂A参比高大约25%。
催化剂E:如表II所示,通过其中合成产率仅为23%的较严重的脱硅作用,可能实现比催化剂A更低的二甲苯损失(相对XL/XIA=0.83)。在较低温度下的脱硅反应产率较高,但催化剂选择性较差。然而,23%-产率的脱硅沸石的异构化活性比催化剂A低约13%
使用3重量%初始固体用不同的脱硅方法进行催化剂C沸石的更多脱硅处理。新的脱硅催化剂是表III和IV中确定为R、S和T的那些催化剂以及表V中的那些催化剂(催化剂U、V、W、X和Y)。采用的程序与之前描述的程序类似,但具有不同的碱处理条件以及草酸处理条件的一些变化。使用多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪对纯沸石粉末产品进行催化测试。
表III C的脱硅化
1基于碱处理前ZSM-5的量计算的标称固体浓度。
实际固体浓度由于来自碱处理的ZSM-5质量损失而较低。
2以水中的草酸二水合物计,草酸溶液浓度为9重量%。
表IV C的脱硅化
a在510℃煅烧后进行分析
b由ICP数据计算的SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比
c计算自ICP数据的Al和Si氧化物
d相对于参比ZSM-5
表V在3重量%固体条件下U的脱硅化
a SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比
b在“Isom”条件(600°F,225psig,1.5/1 H2/HC摩尔比)下测量的相对于A的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)
c相对于A的二甲苯损失(XL)与XIA的比率,其中XL在“EBC”条件(700°F,200psig,2/1 H2/HC摩尔比)下测量,XIA在“Isom”条件下测量。
d脱硅后,在室温下进行草酸溶液处理4小时。
在变化的反应温度(65-85℃)下进行脱硅反应制备出催化剂R、S和T,与获得催化剂N的方法类似,但是在各温度下仅使用0.5小时的NaOH暴露时间并且使用室温草酸处理。产率在约40%至65%的范围内,与碱处理温度成反比。催化结果显示在图11和12中。所有这三种新的脱硅催化剂均比催化剂A显示出更高的二甲苯异构化活性,催化剂R的活性约为催化剂A的两倍。二甲苯损失表示为相对于催化剂A性能的二甲苯损失与XIA(二甲苯异构化活性)的比率(图12)。具有最高中孔性的催化剂显示出最低的相对于其异构化活性的二甲苯损失。催化剂N的脱硅处理表现出与催化剂A基本相同的二甲苯损失/XIA比率,而脱硅催化剂M和催化剂R则更高。表V中探讨了NaOH浓度(0.1-0.5M)的影响。
图13a,13b,13c,13d,13e和13f显示了这些各种脱硅催化剂C实验结果的六个图。XIA、XL和XL/XIA值是相对于催化剂A以催化剂A=1.0为规模计算的。母催化剂C由具有最低中孔表面积(100m2/g)或100产率%(无脱硅)的点表示。图13a显示了二甲苯异构化活性随着较高中孔(外部)表面积而增加的一般趋势。具有最高表面积的催化剂(表III和IV的脱硅催化剂N)的活性的下降可能是由于其Al含量与其他催化剂相比较低。图13b没有显示二甲苯损失与中孔表面积相关的实际趋势,不包括最右边的点,该点也是具有较低Al的催化剂(脱硅催化剂N)。然而,图13c显示随着中孔表面积增加,相对于异构化活性的二甲苯损失明显降低。
图13d,13e和13f显示了随着脱硅产率的各种趋势。由于脱硅条件越来越严苛(更高的温度,更高的NaOH浓度,更长的时间)而引起的更低的产率(更多的沸石溶解)导致更高的中孔性。图13e和13f显示XL和XL/XIA为产率的函数而不是中孔性的函数。最具选择性的(最低XL/XIA)脱硅催化剂(催化剂M、N和R)的合成产率约为22-48%。
放大反应:基本步骤类似于脱硅催化剂N的步骤,但是使用带夹套的3升圆底玻璃容器进行脱硅处理,并且通过将少量的50重量%的NaOH溶液加入到预热的沸石/水混合物来启动反应。使用加料漏斗,将77.6g的50重量%的NaOH溶液加入机械搅拌的已在夹套3升容器中被预热至85℃的催化剂U粉末(60g)在水(1900g)中的混合物中。将混合物在85℃下搅拌2小时,然后排入单独的容器中并使用冷冻水玻璃换热器经约~25分钟冷却至40℃,过滤,用去离子水(4×180mL)洗涤并干燥。然后在60g草酸二水合物的600g去离子水溶液中将干燥的材料在室温下搅拌4小时或在70℃下搅拌2小时,随后过滤,洗涤(4×180mL去离子水),干燥并在510℃煅烧。
四种脱硅ZSM-5催化剂即催化剂AA、BB、CC和DD以可重现收率26-27%被同样地制备(表VI)。这些催化剂的分析和多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪催化结果非常相似,表明良好的合成重现性。这四种催化剂是在脱硅后用70℃草酸处理制备的。它们显示出比用室温草酸处理制备的催化剂Z更低的Al含量和略低的二甲苯损失(XL/XIA)。较高温度的酸处理对于从脱硅沸石中除去铝更有效。
表VI在3重量%固体条件下U的脱硅化放大反应
a SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比
b在“Isom”条件(600°F,225psig,1.5/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量的相对于A的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)
c相对于A的二甲苯损失(XL)与XIA的比率,其中XL在“EBC”条件(700°F,200psig,2/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量,XIA在“Isom”条件下测量。
以前大多数的脱硅处理在沸石/NaOH溶液反应混合物中使用3重量%的沸石固体。将此项提高到15%初始固体将获得的产率是相同规模反应产率的5倍。
与以前相类似地进行粉末产品的多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪催化测试,除了在EBC条件下(而不是在Isom条件下)开始2天,然后切换到Isom条件1天。
初始实验遵循与之前所用的3%固体脱硅化相同的脱硅过程:将催化剂U ZSM-5粉末的含水混合物加热至85℃,等分加入50%NaOH溶液,在85℃混合2小时,冷却,过滤,并用水洗涤。接着用10%草酸溶液在70℃处理2小时,过滤,洗涤,干燥和煅烧。主要区别在于使用浓度更高的混合物,其中在添加NaOH之后ZSM-5粉末构成初始混合物的15重量%。因为所述脱硅反应在NaOH中是化学计量的,然而,早期的3%固体实验使用大致相同的NaOH和ZSM-5的相对量。这导致反应混合物中的初始NaOH浓度(~2M)比3%固体实验中的(0.5M)高得多。
表VII总结了这些实验如何运行的细节和获得的脱硅产品的表征数据以及多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪测试结果。第一个数据行是未经处理的催化剂U,其下方灰色阴影的两行是两个早前的3%固体的实验。接下来的四行(实验1-4)是含有不同量NaOH的15%固体的实验,所有这些NaOH都是在脱硅反应开始时被加入的。产品产率与所用的NaOH量成负相关。四种产品中有三种产品的结晶度和Al含量比3%固体产品低得多。与所述3%固体产品相比,所有四种产品的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)均显著更低,且二甲苯损失选择性(XL/XIA)更差。
表VII在15重量%固体条件下U的脱硅化
a在“Isom”条件(600°F,225psig,1.5/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量的相对于A的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)
b相对于A的二甲苯损失(XL)与XIA的比率,其中XL在“EBC”条件(700°F,200psig,2/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量,XIA在“Isom”条件下测量。
相对较低的结晶度、Al含量和催化性能可能是由于这四个实验中使用的与早期的3%固体脱硅相比非常高的初始NaOH浓度所致。测量的这些产品的中孔(或外部)表面积实际上低于3%固体产品的中孔(或外部)表面积。令人惊讶的是,已经发现,随着时间的推移逐渐或以小剂量逐渐加入NaOH而不是全部一次性加入,以便保持相对低的溶液NaOH浓度,可提供增加的中孔形成。
表VII的最下方三行(实验5-7)中显示的是15%固体实验的数据,所述实验与上述相似地进行,不同之处在于以15或30分钟的间隔向反应混合物中加入小剂量的50%NaOH。在85℃下的总反应时间仍然是2小时。实验5和6采用与实验4相同的相对于ZSM-5的NaOH总量。结果表明,采用分阶段加入的实验5和6比实验4给出更高的产率,并且还比实验4产生结晶度更高和铝含量更高的脱硅产品。重要的是,实验5和6的产品的催化性能比所有“全部初始加入”15%固体实验(1-4)的产品的催化性能都有显著的提高。事实上,实验5和6的异构化活性(XIA)和二甲苯损失选择性(XL/XIA)接近于在早期的3%固体实验中获得的那些数据。
实验5和6之间的唯一区别是NaOH剂量的频率和量。在实验6中使用更小、更频繁的剂量产生了在所有方面实际上与实验5相同的结果,实验5仅使用了以30分钟间隔隔开的四份剂量。
在实验7中使用大约多15%的NaOH,获得比实验5和6(31%)更低的产率(24%)。该催化剂的多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪测试显示其活性比实验5和6的催化剂低~10%,这可能是由于其Al含量低~10%,但其二甲苯损失选择性非常相似(1.1XL/XIA)。
制备Cabosil二氧化硅负载的含Mo催化剂,用于与催化剂B相比的性能和老化的中试(pilot plant tests)。这些催化剂由20:80比例的脱硅ZSM-5/二氧化硅与2或4重量%的Mo组成,通过用七钼酸铵水溶液湿法浸渍ZSM-5和HS-5cabosil粉末的混合物并随后煅烧成Mo氧化物的方法加入Mo。
表VIII中有三种制备的此类催化剂的分析表征数据,以及与催化剂B参比相比的多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪测试结果。在多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪中,三种催化剂都显示出相对于催化剂B的高异构化活性。
表VIII Mo-脱硅ZSM-5/二氧化硅催化剂(20:80ZSM-5/二氧化硅)
a在“Isom”条件(600°F,225psig,1.5/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量的相对于B的二甲苯异构化活性(XIA)
b相对于B的二甲苯损失(XL)与XIA的比率,其中XL在“EBC”条件(700°F,200psig,2/1H2/HC摩尔比)下测量,XIA在“Isom”条件下测量。
c通过XRF测得4.1重量%的Mo。
对催化剂B(4.0克装料)和脱硅Mo-ZSM-5/二氧化硅催化剂即催化剂EE(2%Mo,2.3g装料)以及催化剂P(4%Mo,2.0g装料)进行了两周的中试。基于多固定床反应器催化剂测试仪活性结果来选择催化剂装料。所有运行被同样地进行,在“Isom”条件下开始2天(600°F,225psig,1.5H2/HC比率,152g/h液体进料),切换到“EBC”条件5天(700°F,200psig,2.0H2/HC比率,40g/h液体进料),回到Isom条件1天,然后EBC条件再次6天,最后回到Isom条件反应最后两天。尽管有不同的催化剂重量负载,两次运行都采用相同的绝对液体和H2速率。每天采集一个样本。
图14a和14b显示催化剂B、EE和P的二甲苯异构化和EB转化活性。两种Mo-脱硅ZSM-5催化剂,EE和P显示出比催化剂B更低的失活速率。在运行两周后,与催化剂B(4.0g负载)相比,4%Mo-脱硅ZSM-5催化剂(2.0g负载量)的异构化的活性稍低,但在EB转化活性方面相似。
表IX比较例
通过Chem.Eur.J.2010,16,6224-6233中的“样品HW”制备比较例
重复比较例催化剂(1和2)以测试可重现性。用于比较例的母本ZSM-5是如所引期刊论文的Zeolyst CBV 8014。将所述母本ZSM-5在550℃煅烧后进行分析和测试。使用脱硅ZSM-5催化剂KK作为催化结果的参比。
关于二甲苯异构化(XIA)和乙苯转化,所述比较催化剂都比KK的活性低得多。另外,如比KK高的XL/XIA比率所示,它们的选择性比KK差。根据所述期刊论文,比较例母本ZSM-5的晶体尺寸小于1微米,但具有高的使用ICP测定的约80至83的SAR。
Claims (10)
1.一种制造二甲苯异构化催化剂的方法,其包括步骤:
(i)将具有约20至约50的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约50平方米/克至约200平方米/克的中孔表面积的SZM-5沸石起始材料在反应器中与碱在约20℃至约100℃的温度下接触约1分钟至10小时的碱处理时间,以提供中间体沸石材料,其中所述ZSM-5沸石在碱中以约1重量%至约20重量%的量存在;
(ii)回收步骤(i)的中间体ZSM-5沸石材料;
(iii)将所述中间体沸石材料与酸在约20℃至约100℃的温度下接触约1分钟至约10小时的酸处理时间,以提供酸处理的ZSM-5沸石产品;
(iv)回收所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料;以及
(v)将所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料在约300℃至约700℃的温度下煅烧约0.2小时至约6小时内的时间段,以提供具有约20至约150的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约100平方米/克至约400平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM-5沸石产品。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述ZSM-5沸石起始材料具有小于1微米的平均晶体尺寸长度、宽度和厚度。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述碱基本上选自:
NaOH,LiOH,KOH,RbOH,CsOH,Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,NH4OH,Li2O,Na2O,K2O,Rb2O,Cs2O,MgO,和CaO;或者
式R’OM的碱金属醇盐,其中R’基本上选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基和苯基,M基本上选自Li,Na和K;或者
式R”NH3OH,R”2NH2OH,R”3NHOH,R”4NOH的烷基氢氧化铵,其中R”基本上选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基和丁基;或者
其任何组合。
4.权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述碱在碱处理期间被递增地加入到反应器中。
5.权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述碱在碱处理期间被连续地加入到反应器中。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述酸基本上选自:HF,HCl,HBr,HI,HNO2,HNO3,H2SO3,H2SO4,H3PO3,H3PO4,H3BO3,草酸,柠檬酸,乙酸,苯甲酸,甲酸,丙酸,氟乙酸,三氟乙酸,乳酸,酒石酸,抗坏血酸,丙二酸,马来酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,2-羟基苯甲酸,3-羟基苯甲酸和4-羟基苯甲酸,或其任何组合。
7.一种制造二甲苯异构化催化剂的方法,其包括步骤:
(i)将具有约20至约50的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约90平方米/克至约150平方米/克的中孔表面积的SZM-5沸石起始材料在反应器中与NaOH在约70℃至约90℃的温度下接触约30分钟至120分钟的碱处理时间,以提供中间体沸石材料;
(ii)回收步骤(i)的中间体ZSM-5沸石材料;
(iii)将所述中间体沸石材料与草酸在约20℃至约90℃的温度下接触约60分钟至约300分钟的酸处理时间,以提供酸处理的ZSM-5沸石产品;
(iv)回收所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料;以及
(v)将所述酸处理的ZSM-5沸石材料在约400℃至约600℃的温度下煅烧约2小时至约6小时的时间段,以提供具有约30至约80的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约150平方米/克至约300平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM-5沸石产品。
8.一种具有约20至约150的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比且具有约100平方米/克至约400平方米/克的中孔表面积的脱硅ZSM-5沸石产品
9.权利要求8所述的产品,其进一步包含基本上选自以下的载体:氧化铝载体、二氧化硅载体、二氧化硅-氧化铝载体、二氧化钛载体和氧化锆载体或其任何组合。
10.权利要求9所述的产品,其进一步包含基本上选自以下的氢化金属:钼、铂、钯、铑、钌、镍、铁、锇、铱、钨和铼。
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CN109399662A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-01 | 太原理工大学 | 一种体相中富有均匀介孔的纳米zsm-5分子筛及制法和应用 |
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ES2809484T3 (es) | 2021-03-04 |
EP3337610B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
CN107810055B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
WO2017030906A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
CN113351241B (zh) | 2023-12-19 |
US20180169636A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
CN113351241A (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
PT3337610T (pt) | 2020-07-22 |
RU2724107C2 (ru) | 2020-06-22 |
EP3337610A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
MX2018001920A (es) | 2018-06-19 |
RU2017144107A3 (zh) | 2019-12-31 |
US12023657B2 (en) | 2024-07-02 |
RU2017144107A (ru) | 2019-09-20 |
KR20180041625A (ko) | 2018-04-24 |
PL3337610T3 (pl) | 2020-12-14 |
US10987662B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
US20210316284A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
KR102552793B1 (ko) | 2023-07-06 |
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