CN107779815A - 用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及通过该方法制造的车辆运转部件 - Google Patents
用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及通过该方法制造的车辆运转部件 Download PDFInfo
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D7/51—One specific pretreatment, e.g. phosphatation, chromatation, in combination with one specific coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及通过该方法制造的车辆运转部件。所述用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法可以包括:涂布准备过程,其将具有多个网格的筛网设置成根据预定的间隔距离与待涂布的车辆运转部件的表面隔开;以及涂层沉积过程,其通过真空沉积方式形成具有以下图案的涂层,所述图案具有使对应于网格形状的多个压纹在车辆运转部件的表面上重复的形状,从而使得相邻的压纹彼此连接的涂层形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及形成有涂层的车辆运转部件,更特别地,涉及用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及通过该方法制造的车辆运转部件,所述车辆运转部件构造成通过在车辆运转部件的表面上形成具有连续图案的涂层而改进摩擦特性。
背景技术
通常,工业产品,特别是车辆的大部分部件是被制得然后长时间使用的部件,因此当产品磨损或润滑性能下降时会出现噪声、燃料损耗等,导致诸如燃料泄漏问题和效率下降的严重缺陷。
因此,已进行通过将低摩擦涂层施加至车辆运转部件(例如发动机、凸轮轴、挺杆和轮廓刷)的表面来确保耐久性和低摩擦特性的各种研究和开发。
作为正在投入实际使用的低摩擦涂层材料,可以有使用真空设备的类金刚石(DLC)、碳化钨(WC)、氮化铬(CrN)等。这样形成的涂层具有高硬度以及优异的低摩擦特性和耐化学特性。
然而,当在车辆工业中被认为是重要的燃料效率问题的需求日益增加时,仅通过改善低摩擦涂层的组成、厚度等来改进摩擦特性是有限的,因此难以满足改进燃料效率所需的摩擦特性。
一些研究人员报告了通过表面图案或纹理化技术改进附加低摩擦特性的例子。该技术向低摩擦涂层提供具有圆形、椭圆形等短缺的图案,因此形成基础材料和不连续的图案,并且在非均质材料暴露于其的图案周围产生微小的摩擦加重效应。
因此,本发明提出用于通过使用筛网控制低摩擦涂层的厚度来涂布运转部件的表面的方法,所述运转部件具有不短缺的连续图案。
公开于该发明背景部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面旨在提供用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法以及通过该方法制造的车辆运转部件,所述车辆运转部件构造成通过在车辆运转部件的表面上形成具有多个连续图案的涂层而改进摩擦特性。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,提供用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,所述方法包括:涂布准备过程,其将具有多个网格的筛网设置成根据预定的间隔距离与待涂布的车辆运转部件的表面隔开;以及涂层沉积过程,其通过真空沉积方式形成具有以下图案的涂层,所述图案具有使对应于网格形状的多个压纹在车辆运转部件的表面上重复的形状,从而使得相邻的压纹彼此连接的涂层形成。
在涂层沉积过程中,可以通过物理气相沉积(PVD)和化学气相沉积中的任何一种来沉积涂层,并且涂层可以由包括选自金属、碳、氮化物和碳化物中的至少一种的材料制成。
涂层可以具有多层结构,其中使具有非均质材料的多个涂层堆叠以改进低摩擦特性。
在涂布准备过程中,筛网可以设置成与车辆运转部件的表面间隔0.5至200μm。
该方法可以进一步包括:在涂层沉积过程之前的缓冲层沉积过程,其在车辆运转部件的表面上沉积缓冲层以改进涂层的粘附性。
在缓冲层沉积过程中,可以通过物理气相沉积(PVD)和化学气相沉积(CVD)中的任何一种来沉积由金属氮化物材料制成的缓冲层。
根据本发明的另一示例性实施方案,提供车辆运转部件,其中运转部件的表面形成有涂层,所述涂层包括:多个突出的突出部,同时在它们的垂直和水平方向上以相等的间距彼此隔开;以及多个连接部,它们设置在相邻的突出部之间以在相邻的突出部之间连接,并且形成为低于突出部的高度。
在突出部中,由以下方程式(1)确定的涂层厚度比率可以为10至95%。
涂层厚度比率(%)=B/A×100---------(1)
在以上方程式中,A可以表示涂层突出部的厚度(μm),B可以表示涂层连接部的厚度(μm)。
更优选地,根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层厚度比率为25至60%。
突出部可以比连接部的高度更加地突出20至40%。
涂层可以由包括选自金属、碳、氮化物和碳化物中的至少一种的材料制成,并且可以通过物理气相沉积(PVD)和化学气相沉积(CVD)中的任何一种来沉积。
车辆运转部件可以进一步包括:缓冲层,其构造成设置在涂层的底表面上,以使在车辆运转部件的表面与涂层之间的晶格常数之差最小化。
缓冲层可以以0.1mm或更小的厚度来形成。
缓冲层可以包括多个缓冲突出部和缓冲连接部,每个缓冲突出部和缓冲连接部形成在对应于多个突出部和连接部的位置处,并且缓冲连接部可以在相邻的缓冲突出部之间连接并形成为低于缓冲突出部的高度。
本发明的方法和装置具有其它的特征和优点,这些特征和优点从并入本文中的附图和随后的具体实施方式中将是显而易见的,或者将在并入本文中的附图和随后的具体实施方式中进行更详细的陈述,这些附图和具体实施方式共同用于解释本发明的某些原理。
附图说明
图1示意性示出根据现有技术的用于涂布具有普通图案的表面的方法图;
图2示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法流程图;
图3示意性示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法图;
图4示出在本发明的示例性实施方案中使用的具有多个网格的筛网图;
图5和图6是用于说明根据在筛网与车辆运转部件的表面之间的间隔距离形成涂层的图;
图7示出涂层根据间隔距离S的涂层厚度比率图;
图8示出在涂层的涂层厚度比率与摩擦系数之间的关系图;
图9是根据本发明示例性实施方案制备的涂层的SEM照片;
图10示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层表面的形状图;
图11示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案制备的涂层的横截面图;以及
图12示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层与根据现有技术的普通非图案涂层的摩擦系数的测量结果图。
应当了解,附图并不必须是按比例绘制的,其示出了某种程度上简化表示的说明本发明基本原理的各个特征。在此所公开的本发明的特定的设计特征,包括例如特定的尺寸、定向、定位和形状,将部分地由特定目的的应用和使用环境所确定。
在这些附图中,在贯穿附图的多幅图形中,附图标记指代本发明的相同或等同的部分。
具体实施方式
现在将具体参考本发明的各个实施方案,在附图中和以下的描述中示出了这些实施方案的示例。虽然本发明与示例性实施方案相结合进行描述,但是应当了解,本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为这些示例性实施方案。相反,本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案,而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种替换、修改、等同形式以及其它实施方案。
图1示意性示出根据现有技术的用于涂布具有普通图案的表面的方法图。
如在图1中所示,在通过真空沉积方式在车辆运转部件的表面上形成涂层的情况中,涂层通过以下方式形成:首先通过激光烧蚀车辆运转部件的表面,抛光表面,去除包括碎屑的异物,然后进行涂布。
然而,在通过由激光烧蚀车辆运转部件的表面等来形成图案的情况中,整个涂布过程复杂,并且图案越精细,机械加工时间越长,因此生产率降低,图案的形成不均一,或者在一些烧蚀部分的周围出现凸起,从而降低低摩擦特性。
因此,本发明的示例性实施方案通过使用具有多个细网格的筛网来形成涂层,所述涂层具有多个重复的压纹形状以形成均匀图案而不出现凸起。在这里,形成其中相邻的压纹形状彼此连接的涂层,以改进低摩擦特性。
图2示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法流程图,而图3示意性示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法图。
如在图2和图3中所示,根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法包括制备筛网的过程,将筛网设置成与车辆运转部件的表面隔开的涂布准备过程,以及在车辆运转部件的表面上形成涂层的涂层沉积过程。
图4示出在本发明的示例性实施方案中使用的具有多个网格的筛网图。
如在图4中所示,根据本发明示例性实施方案的筛网200可以设置成具有与涂层的图案相对应的形状,筛网200形成多个网格210。
亦即,在本发明的示例性实施方案中使用的筛网200重复地形成有多个网格,所述多个网格与通过重复地设置多个压纹而形成预定图案的涂层中的每个压纹相对应。
此时,网格210的形状可以具有包括四边形、圆形和菱形的各种形状,但是多个网格210可以优选地具有相同的形状。
原因是可以在需要形成为相同形状的车辆运转部件100的整个表面上形成均一的摩擦特性,并且可以在经沉积的涂层300的整个表面上形成相似的磨损性,从而提高产品的使用寿命。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中使用的筛网200可以包括具有优异传导性的金属材料。
原因是当通过真空沉积方式形成涂层时,可以平滑地沉积涂层。
如上所述,当制备其上重复形成具有相同形状的多个网格210的筛网200时,在涂布准备过程中,筛网200根据预定的间隔距离与车辆运转部件100的表面隔开。
图5和图6是用于说明根据在筛网与车辆运转部件的表面之间的间隔距离形成涂层的图,图7示出涂层根据间隔距离的涂层厚度比率图,而图8示出在涂层的涂层厚度比率与摩擦系数之间的关系图。
如在图5至图8中所示,根据本发明示例性实施方案的间隔距离S(μm)优选为涂层300中突出部301的厚度的0.5至5倍。
原因是为了确保摩擦系数为0.05或更小的低摩擦特性,需要形成具有预定图案的涂层300,同时由以下方程式(1)确定的涂层厚度比率满足10%至95%。
涂层厚度比率(%)=B/A×100---------(1)
此时,A表示涂层300中突出部301的厚度(μm),而B表示连接部302的厚度(μm)。
换言之,突出部301的厚度是指涂层中最厚部分的厚度,而连接部302的厚度意指涂层中最薄部分的厚度。
更具体地,根据以上方程式(1)的涂层厚度比率随着间隔距离S的增加而逐渐增加,并且当间隔距离S超过突出部301的厚度的5倍时,连接部302和突出部301形成为几乎相同的高度,从而使得图案形成效果不显着,而当间隔距离S比突出部301的厚度小0.5倍时,连接部302未形成,由此使相邻的突出部301未彼此连接并且形成短路式的涂层300,从而使得摩擦特性会下降。
因此,为了形成以10%至95%的涂层厚度比率形成有预定图案的涂层300,优选的是隔开筛网200使得间隔距离S为在涂层300上的突出部301厚度的0.5至5倍。
更优选地,根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层厚度比率为25%至60%。原因是为了确保摩擦系数为0.035或更小的低摩擦特性。
亦即,为了形成具有预定图案的涂层300并且该涂层300在车辆运转部件100的表面上形成有厚度为0.5至40μm的突出部301,车辆运转部件100的表面和筛网200设置成彼此间隔0.5至200μm,从而使得在车辆运转部件100的表面与筛网200之间的间隔距离S为待沉积的涂层300中突出部301宽度的0.5至5倍。
当完成涂布准备时,在涂层沉积过程中,通过真空沉积方式将具有图案的涂层300沉积在车辆运转部件100的表面上,并且该涂层通过物理气相沉积(PVD)(包括溅射、电弧离子板等)和化学气相沉积(CVD)中的任何一种进行沉积。
在本情况中,涂层300可以以包括以下的材料来沉积:金属,包括硅(Si)、钨(W)/铬(Cr)/钛(Ti)的类金刚石(DLC)或纯DLC,包括Ta-C的碳,包括铬(Cr)/钼(Mo)/锆(Zr)/铝(Al)氮化物的氮化物,碳化物,或可以改进低摩擦特性的材料等。
如上所述,与现有的其上没有形成图案的涂层相比,根据本发明的示例性实施方案形成为具有预定图案的涂层300的摩擦特性可以改进约25至50%。
根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层300可以具有多层结构,其中使具有非均质材料的多个涂层堆叠,从而改进低摩擦特性。
例如,涂层300可以以多层的涂层形成,其中第一涂层包括金属基材料,第二涂层包括氮化物基材料,而第三涂层包括碳基材料。
因此,涂层300通过由不同材料制成的第一至第三涂层堆叠而形成,从而涂层300由于每层显示出不同的摩擦特性而具有不同的摩擦特性,从而改进整个涂层300的摩擦特性。
此外,由于其中可以吸收噪声和振动的噪声振动吸收范围根据材料而不同,所以各层之间的材料不同地形成以扩大噪声振动吸收范围,同时改进涂层300的噪声、振动和声振粗糙度(NVH)。
图9是根据本发明示例性实施方案制备的涂层的SEM照片,图10示出根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层表面的形状图,而图11示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案制备的涂层的横截面图。
如在图9和图11中所示,可以理解,根据本发明示例性实施方案制备的涂层可以形成有均一的图案,其中具有相同形状的多个压纹即突出部301在它们的垂直和水平方向上彼此隔开。
此时,根据本发明示例性实施方案用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法可以进一步包括沉积缓冲层400的过程,以改进在车辆运转部件100与涂层300之间的粘附性。
沉积缓冲层400的过程可以包括与涂层300或车辆运转部件100类似的材料,并且可以通过与涂层300相同的方法形成。
因此,可以使在车辆运转部件100与涂层300之间的晶格常数之差最小化,以改进沉积涂层300的粘附性。
在本情况中,缓冲层400的厚度优选形成为0.1mm或更小。原因是当缓冲层400的厚度超过0.1mm时,缓冲层400过厚,并由此会增加制造成本。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中,缓冲层400可以包括多个缓冲突出部401和缓冲连接部402,每个缓冲突出部401和缓冲连接部402形成在对应于多个突出部301和连接部302的位置处,并且缓冲连接部402在相邻的缓冲突出部401之间连接并形成为低于缓冲突出部401的高度。
图12示出根据行驶距离,根据本发明示例性实施方案的涂层与根据现有技术的普通非图案涂层的摩擦系数的测量结果图。
此时,该实施例为具有以下图案的Si-DLC涂层,在所述图案中200μm×200μm的四边形压纹在其垂直和水平方向上重复,而对比实施例为其上未形成图案的Si-DLC涂层,其中通过在常温油条件下测量,将实施例和对比实施例以10N的负载和500mm/s的线速度进行旋转来测定根据行驶距离(m)的摩擦系数(COF)。
如在图12中所示,对比实施例即其上未形成图案的现有的非图案Si-DLC涂层,其摩擦系数为0.050,而根据本发明示例性实施方案形成的实施例的摩擦系数为约0.030,如此使得能够理解与对比实施例相比,摩擦特性增加了约40%。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,可以通过在车辆运转部件的表面上形成具有预定图案的涂层来改进车辆运转部件的摩擦特性。
此外,还可以通过减少具有图案的涂层的制备时间和涂布成本来改进生产率。
为了方便解释和精确限定所附权利要求,术语“上部”、“下部”,“内部的”、“外部的”、“上”、“下”、“上方”、“下方”、“向上”、“向下”、“前面”、“后面”、“背部”、“在里面”、“在外面”、“向内”、“向外”、“内部”、“外部”、“里面的”、“外面的”、“向前”和“向后”是用于参考图中显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性实施方案的特征。
已呈现的前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了例证和说明的目的。这些描述并非旨在穷尽本发明,或者将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多修改和变型。对示例性实施方案进行选择和描述是为了解释本发明的某些原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的其他技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案以及它们的各种替换和修改。本发明的范围意在由所附的权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,所述方法包括:
涂布准备过程,其将具有多个网格的筛网设置成根据预定的间隔距离与待涂布的车辆运转部件的表面隔开;以及
涂层沉积过程,其通过真空沉积方式形成具有以下图案的涂层,所述图案具有使对应于网格形状的多个压纹在车辆运转部件的表面上重复的形状,从而使得其中相邻的压纹彼此连接的涂层形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,其中在涂层沉积过程中,通过物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积中的任何一种来沉积涂层,并且涂层由包括选自金属、碳、氮化物和碳化物中的至少一种的材料制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,其中涂层具有多层结构,在所述多层结构中使具有非均质材料的多个涂层堆叠以改进低摩擦特性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,其中在涂布准备过程中,筛网设置成与车辆运转部件的表面间隔0.5至200μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,所述方法进一步包括:
在涂层沉积过程之前的缓冲层沉积过程,其在车辆运转部件的表面上沉积缓冲层以改进涂层的粘附性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于涂布车辆运转部件的表面的方法,其中在缓冲层沉积过程中,通过物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积中的任何一种来沉积包括金属氮化物材料的缓冲层。
7.一种车辆运转部件,其中运转部件的表面形成有涂层,所述涂层包括:多个突出的突出部,同时在它们的垂直和水平方向上以相等的间距彼此隔开;以及多个连接部,它们设置在相邻的突出部之间以在相邻的突出部之间连接,并且形成为低于突出部的高度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆运转部件,其中在突出部中,由以下方程式(1)确定的涂层厚度比率为10%至95%,
涂层厚度比率%=B/A×100---------(1)
其中A表示单位为μm的涂层突出部的厚度,B表示单位为μm的涂层连接部的厚度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆运转部件,其中涂层由包括选自金属、碳、氮化物和碳化物中的至少一种的材料制成,并且通过物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积中的任何一种来沉积。
10.根据权利要求7所述的车辆运转部件,其进一步包括:
缓冲层,所述缓冲层构造成设置在涂层的底表面上,以使在车辆运转部件的表面与涂层之间的晶格常数之差最小化。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆运转部件,其中缓冲层以0.1mm或更小的厚度来形成。
12.根据权利要求10所述的车辆运转部件,其中缓冲层包括多个缓冲突出部和缓冲连接部,每个缓冲突出部和缓冲连接部形成在对应于多个突出部和连接部的位置处,以及
缓冲连接部在相邻的缓冲突出部之间连接并形成为低于缓冲突出部的高度。
13.根据权利要求8所述的车辆运转部件,其中涂层厚度比率为25%至60%。
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