CN107775789A - 高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺 - Google Patents

高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN107775789A
CN107775789A CN201711071009.1A CN201711071009A CN107775789A CN 107775789 A CN107775789 A CN 107775789A CN 201711071009 A CN201711071009 A CN 201711071009A CN 107775789 A CN107775789 A CN 107775789A
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powder
gypsum
nixing pottery
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CN107775789B (zh
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钟恒成
李磊
余居树
张夫
张一夫
王玉
徐帅
古永杰
黄中毅
张庆峰
袁丽娟
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Guangxi Qinzhou Damin Nixing Pottery Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/02Conditioning the material prior to shaping
    • B28B17/023Conditioning gypsum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/26Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
    • B28B1/261Moulds therefor
    • B28B1/262Mould materials; Manufacture of moulds or parts thereof
    • B28B1/264Plaster
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1066Oxides, Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/145Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
    • C04B28/147Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form beta-hemihydrate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00939Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,包括以下步骤:1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为3~6:1~4的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末A;2)将熟石膏和混合粉末A按重量比100:2~5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末B;3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.489~0.502的比例加水,得到石膏料浆;4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。本发明制成的坭兴陶石膏模具水膏比远低于正常水平,强度明显提高。经使用发现,本发明的石膏模具的使用次数高达400次,大大节约生产成本。

Description

高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及石膏模具的制作工艺,具体涉及一种高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺。
背景技术
注浆成型法是坭兴陶规模化生产普遍使用的一种成型方法。注浆成型法主要是通过石膏模具进行的,石膏模具内气孔的毛细管力吸去坭兴陶浆料中多余水分使浆料分散地粘附在模具上,形成与模具相同形状的坯泥层,并随着时间延长而逐渐增厚,当坯泥层厚度达到要求时,把多余浆料倒出,经干燥收缩与石膏模壁脱离,然后将坯体脱模去除,坭兴陶坯体制成。目前坭兴陶生产中的制模石膏一般为普通石膏粉(β-半水石膏),这种半水石膏在调制浆料时用水量高达65~80%,远远超出理论值18.16%,制成的石膏模具气孔率高,渗水性和毛细管力较大,严重降低了石膏模具的强度、耐水性、耐磨性及耐溶蚀性。此外石膏微溶于水,自身耐水性差且长期处于潮湿复杂的泥浆环境中进一步加剧了石膏模性能的劣化,导致石膏模具的使用寿命很短,一般只有60~80次,最长也不超过100次。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,制得的石膏模具经久耐用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为3~6:1~4的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏和混合粉末A按重量比100:2~5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.489~0.502的比例加水,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
步骤1)中,将SiO2和TiO2混合进行超细研磨,使得SiO2充分分散在TiO2周围;球料比为4~6:1,此时混合粉末A最大分布频率的粒度在6~8μm之间。
步骤2)中,将熟石膏和混合粉末A混合后进行超细研磨,使得SiO2和TiO2充分均匀分散在石膏四周。球料比为4~6:1,此时混合粉末B最大分布频率的粒度在6~8μm之间。
步骤3)中,混合粉末B加水后,在研磨转速为600~800r/min下研磨1~3min。球料比为4~6:1。在前两个步骤已经充分破碎的前提下,此时机械搅拌转速将至600~800r/min,二氧化硅的无定型结构主要是以硅原子为中心点,氧原子为顶点,进而形成不规则四面体结构,四面体之间通过顶点上的四个氧原子进行共点性连接并且期间发生不断堆积并逐渐发展形成线状、环状、链状及空间骨架状的点阵结构,处于SiO2表面的Si-OH也具有较强的活性,当在水介质中通过机械搅拌工艺将二氧化硅颗粒包裹在TiO2晶体表面,三维网状结构的SiO2再包裹TiO2之后在机械搅拌下会继续吸附在石膏晶体的表面上,并与石膏晶体表面的羟基发生键合作用,起到填充石膏晶体间隙,增强晶体强度的作用。
与此同时,TiO2独特的格子结构,石膏柱状晶体会穿入格子中间,发生大规模相互交叉,大大增加了石膏晶体的搭接位点,从而进一步提高石膏的强度。
另外,SiO2包膜的TiO2带负电荷,将SiO2包膜的TiO2包裹在石膏晶体上,会导致石膏颗粒电荷的变化,动点位从正值变为负值,但动电位绝对值有不同程度的提高。动电位绝对值越大,石膏颗粒的静电斥力越强,体系分散性越好,从而在保持相同流动度的情况下大大减少水膏比。
步骤3)中,混合粉末B加水后,还需加入混合粉末B重量0.1~0.3%的分散剂。分散剂的加入是为了防止SiO2的聚集。所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
与现有技术相比,本工艺制成的坭兴陶石膏模具水膏比远低于正常水平,强度明显提高。经使用发现,本发明的石膏模具的使用次数高达400次,大大节约生产成本。
具体实施方式
以下用实施例来进一步说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本发明。
实施例1
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为3:4的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000r/min下研磨30min,球料比为4:1,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏(β-半水石膏)和混合粉末A按重量比100:2的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000r/min下研磨30min,球料比为4:1,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.489的比例加水,再加入混合粉末B重量0.1%的聚丙烯酸钠,在研磨转速为600r/min下研磨1min,球料比为4:1,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
实施例2
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为6:1的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1200r/min下研磨40min,球料比为6:1,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏(β-半水石膏)和混合粉末A按重量比100:5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1200r/min下研磨40min,球料比为6:1,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.502的比例加水,再加入混合粉末B重量0.3%的聚丙烯酸钠,在研磨转速为800r/min下研磨3min,球料比为6:1,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
实施例3
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为6:4的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1100r/min下研磨35min,球料比为5:1,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏(β-半水石膏)和混合粉末A按重量比100:3的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1100r/min下研磨35min,球料比为5:1,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.490的比例加水,再加入混合粉末B重量0.2%的聚丙烯酸钠,在研磨转速为700r/min下研磨2min,球料比为5:1,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
实施例4
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为3:1的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000r/min下研磨40min,球料比为4:1,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏(β-半水石膏)和混合粉末A按重量比100:5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000r/min下研磨40min,球料比为4:1,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.502的比例加水,再加入混合粉末B重量0.1%的聚丙烯酸钠,在研磨转速为800r/min下研磨1min,球料比为6:1,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
对照例1
1)将水和熟石膏粉(β-半水石膏)按水膏比0.716的比例混合,得到石膏料浆;
2)将石膏料浆制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
对照例2
1)将水和α-半水石膏按水膏比0.520的比例混合,得到石膏料浆;
2)将石膏料浆制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
对照例3
1)将熟石膏(β-半水石膏)和SiO2按重量比100:5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000r/min下研磨40min,球料比为4:1,得到混合粉末;
2)往混合粉末中按水料比为0.635的比例加水,再加入混合粉末重量0.1%的聚丙烯酸钠,在研磨转速为800r/min下研磨1min,球料比为6:1,得到石膏料浆;
3)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
分别统计实施例1~5以及对照例1~3所制成的石膏模具的性能参数如下:

Claims (6)

1.高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)先将SiO2和TiO2按重量比为3~6:1~4的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末A;
2)将熟石膏和混合粉末A按重量比100:2~5的比例混合,在超细研磨转速为1000~1200r/min下研磨30~40min,得到混合粉末B;
3)往混合粉末B中按水料比为0.489~0.502的比例加水,得到石膏料浆;
4)将石膏浆料制成各种形状的坯模,干燥,即为模具。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤1)中,球料比为4~6:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤2)中,球料比为4~6:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤3)中,混合粉末B加水后,在研磨转速为600~800r/min下研磨1~3min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤3)中,混合粉末B加水后,还需加入混合粉末B重量0.1~0.3%的分散剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高强度坭兴陶石膏模具的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
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