CN107745554B - Sandwich structure composite material and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Sandwich structure composite material and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107745554B CN107745554B CN201710962145.3A CN201710962145A CN107745554B CN 107745554 B CN107745554 B CN 107745554B CN 201710962145 A CN201710962145 A CN 201710962145A CN 107745554 B CN107745554 B CN 107745554B
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a composite material with a sandwich structure, wherein the composite material with the sandwich structure comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially laminated; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, the middle layer is a foam core material layer, and the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: mixing the resin with a curing agent to prepare a matrix resin; and infiltrating the glass fiber fabric and/or the glass fiber felt with matrix resin to obtain a glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer on two sides of the middle layer, and pressing and curing to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer sandwiches the foam core material layer. The sandwich structure composite material obtained by the invention can keep the characteristics of strong rigidity and aging resistance of the glass fiber reinforced plastic, can improve the firmness of combination of all layers and enhance the mechanical property by utilizing the characteristics of high shearing strength, good toughness, buffering and heat preservation of structural foam, and can ensure the smoothness of the outer surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer so as to obtain a good self-cleaning effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a sandwich structure composite material and preparation and application thereof.
Background
In the domestic industrial aquaculture system, the traditional culture pond is mainly divided into a concrete aquaculture pond, a polypropylene (PP) aquaculture pond and a polypropylene (PP) aquaculture plastic culture pondThree glass fiber reinforced plastic aquaculture ponds. Through comparative analysis, the conventional aquaculture ponds all have respective disadvantages. Concrete culture pond: the surface is rough, particularly the inner surface of the culture pond, because the compactness of concrete is poor, the micropores on the inner surface are easy to store dirt and breed germs, the heat preservation effect is general, the construction time limit is long, and the concrete can not be disassembled. A polypropylene culture pond: poor weather resistance, poor heat insulation performance and general mechanical strength, so that the polypropylene culture pond can only be used for producing materials with the thickness of less than 80m2The culture pond. Various defects of the culture pond restrict the development of aquaculture.
Although the performance of the glass fiber reinforced plastic culture pond is improved compared with other culture ponds, the traditional glass fiber reinforced plastic culture pond has poor heat insulation performance and poor construction convenience.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to have the heat preservation performance poor, the poor scheduling problem of construction convenience to traditional glass steel breed pond, provides a sandwich structure combined material, and it possesses good performance that is applicable to the aquaculture pond, with the breed pond that this sandwich structure combined material splices into, can realize dismantling concatenation, construction convenience, repeatedly usable.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a composite material with a sandwich structure, wherein the composite material with the sandwich structure comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially laminated; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, the middle layer is a foam core material layer, and the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
mixing the resin with a curing agent to prepare a matrix resin;
and infiltrating the glass fiber fabric and/or the glass fiber felt with the matrix resin to obtain a glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer on two sides of the middle layer, and laminating and curing to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer sandwiches the foam core material layer.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the resin to the curing agent is (3-4.5): 1; the weight content of resin in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 28-60%.
In some embodiments, the resin is one or more of epoxy resin, unsaturated resin and polyurethane resin.
In some embodiments, the resin is an epoxy resin, and 3-20 parts of a polar thermoplastic elastomer is further added to 100 parts of the epoxy resin. Examples of polar thermoplastic elastomers described in the examples of the present invention are EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer).
In some of these embodiments, the foam core has a density of 40 to 400g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.029-0.08W/m multiplied by K, the ultimate shear stress is 0.371-2.00 MPa, and the flat compression strength is 1.88-4.5 MPa.
In some of these embodiments, the foam core has a density of 60 to 80g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.029 to 0.04W/m.times.K.
In some embodiments, a plurality of longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves are formed in two surfaces of the foam core material layer, wherein the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is arranged on the two surfaces of the foam core material layer, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal grooves and the distance between every two adjacent transverse grooves are both 5-35 mm, the width of each groove is 5-10 mm, and the depth of each groove is 5-95% of the thickness of the foam core material layer.
In some embodiments, the intersection of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove is further provided with a hole perpendicular to the foam core material layer, and the hole diameter is consistent with the width of the groove.
In some embodiments, the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer has a thickness of 1 to 5mm, and the foam core material has a thickness of 5 to 300 mm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 2.5-3.5 mm, and the thickness of the foam core material is 20-30 mm.
The invention also aims to provide a sandwich structure composite material prepared by the method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the sandwich structure composite material as a wall material of a culture pond.
The invention further aims to provide a culture pond, which comprises a pond wall formed by splicing the composite materials with the sandwich structure.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the culture pond is made of a soft film material, and the soft film material is a thermoplastic resin impermeable film.
In some of these embodiments, the thermoplastic resin barrier film is selected from one of a woven thermoplastic resin film, a cast thermoplastic resin film, and a blown thermoplastic resin film.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the glass fiber is soaked by the mixture of the resin and the curing agent, the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is directly formed on the foam core layer, the formation of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer and the combination of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer and the foam core layer are organically unified, the conventional operation of directly adhering the matrix glass fiber board on the foam core layer by using the adhesive is abandoned, the obtained sandwich structure composite material can keep the characteristics of strong rigidity and ageing resistance of the glass fiber reinforced plastic, and can improve the firmness degree of the combination of all layers and enhance the mechanical property by utilizing the high shearing strength and good toughness of the structural foam and the performances of buffering and heat preservation, and the smoothness of the outer surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer can be ensured, so that a good self-cleaning effect is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a process for preparing a composite material with a sandwich structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process of preparing a culture pond by using a composite material with a sandwich structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a cultivation pond according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the cultivation pond comprises a cultivation pond 10, a pond wall 11, a detachable connecting piece 111, a sandwich structure composite material 112, a glass fiber reinforced plastic layer 1121, a foam core material layer 1122 and a pond bottom 12.
Detailed Description
The sandwich structure composite material of the present invention and its preparation and use are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
1. Sandwich structure composite material and preparation method thereof
The sandwich structure composite material to be prepared in the embodiment of the invention comprises an upper surface layer, a lower surface layer and an intermediate layer sandwiched between the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a first surface and a second surface, the upper surface layer is arranged on the first surface, and the lower surface layer is arranged on the second surface; the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, and the middle layer is a foam core material layer.
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material includes the following steps:
(1) mixing the resin with a curing agent to prepare a matrix resin;
(2) and infiltrating the glass fiber fabric and/or the glass fiber felt with the matrix resin to obtain a glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer on two sides of the middle layer, and laminating and curing to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer sandwiches the foam core material layer.
The implementation manner of the step (2) may be a, or B, and specifically: A. infiltrating glass fibers and/or glass fiber mats with the matrix resin, sequentially laminating and curing the glass fibers and/or the glass fiber mats on the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material, and respectively forming glass fiber reinforced plastic layers on the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layers sandwich the foam core material; B. and placing the glass fiber and/or glass fiber mat, the foam core material, the glass fiber and/or glass fiber mat which are sequentially laid on a mould into a vacuum container, pumping the matrix resin and infiltrating the glass fiber and/or glass fiber mat in a vacuumizing mode, pressing and curing the glass fiber and/or glass fiber mat under vacuum, and forming glass fiber reinforced plastic layers on the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer sandwiched with the foam core material. The vacuum vessel employed in the embodiments may be a vacuum bag.
The embodiment of the invention adopts an infiltration mode, so that the preparation of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer and the adhesion of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer and the foam core material layer are organically unified, the bonding fastness of each layer can be improved, more importantly, a matrix resin layer is formed on the outer surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer, the exposure of glass fibers in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is effectively avoided, the surface smoothness of the sandwich structure composite material is increased, the increase of the surface smoothness can effectively avoid the storage of dirt and the breeding of germs, the sanitation performance of the sandwich structure composite material in use is increased, and the manual cleaning cost is reduced.
In the above production method, (1) a matrix resin is prepared by mixing a resin with a curing agent, for which step:
the mass ratio of the resin to the curing agent is (3-4.5) to 1, and the resin is one or more of epoxy resin, unsaturated resin and polyurethane resin. Further, the resin is an epoxy resin, and in this case, 3 to 20 parts of a polar thermoplastic elastomer is further added to 100 parts of the epoxy resin, and it is understood that the polar thermoplastic elastomer described in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), specifically, the parts refer to parts by weight. Through the improvement of the formula, the matrix resin can be well combined with the glass fiber fabric and the glass fiber felt, and meanwhile, the matrix resin also has good adhesive property with the foam core material, and can adjust the overall viscosity, the flow property and the curing time of the mixture, thereby improving the infiltration coating effect and the efficiency. Meanwhile, in order to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with excellent performance, the weight content of the resin in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is limited to 28-60%. Through optimization of resin types, the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer has better toughness and can resist seawater scouring more durably.
In the preparation method, (2) soaking the glass fiber and/or the glass fiber mat by using the matrix resin, then sequentially pressing and curing the glass fiber and/or the glass fiber mat on the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material, and respectively forming a glass fiber reinforced plastic layer on the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material to obtain the sandwich structure composite material with the structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is sandwiched with the foam core material; this step includes, but is not limited to, the following specific cases:
1) firstly, laying a foam core material in a mould, then laying a fiber fabric or/and a fiber felt on the surface of the foam core material, infiltrating the fiber fabric or/and the fiber felt with matrix resin, and then pressing the fiber fabric or/and the fiber felt to form a double-layer structure; then the double-layer structure is turned over, fiber fabrics or/and fiber felts are paved on the other side of the foam core material, and then the two layers of the.
2) The glass fiber fabric or/and the glass fiber mat can be laid in a mould, then the glass fiber fabric or/and the glass fiber mat is soaked by matrix resin, then the foam core material is laid, then the glass fiber fabric or/and the glass fiber mat is laid on the surface of the foam core material, then the matrix resin is coated for soaking, and finally the pressing and the curing are carried out.
In either case, the mold used is preferably a smooth-surfaced mold, such as a glass mold. Therefore, the preparation of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer with a smooth surface is more facilitated. Through the smooth degree of control mould internal surface, can make the mixture of resin, curing agent form the solidification surface based on smooth mould, promote the smooth degree of glass steel layer surface, glass steel layer surface is more smooth, just can be better avoid dirt deposit and microorganism parasitism.
For the embodiment of the invention, it can be understood that the number of layers for laying the glass fiber fabrics and the glass fiber felts can be one or more, and if the prepared sandwich structure composite material is used for splicing culture ponds within the scale of 100 cubic meters, one layer of glass fiber fabrics or glass fiber felts can be laid enough to meet the requirement; if the sandwich structure composite material is used for splicing culture ponds with the scale of more than 100 cubic meters, the pressure and the like born by the sandwich structure composite material are necessarily increased correspondingly, so that the laying layer number of the glass fiber fabrics or the glass fiber felts can be properly increased.
The preferred density of the foam core material of the embodiment of the invention is 40-400 g/cm3The heat conductivity is 0.029 ~ 0.08W/m K, the ultimate shear stress is 0.371 ~ 2.00MPa, the foam core that the flat compression strength is 1.88 ~ 4.5MPa, through adopting the foam core of preferred type, not only can realize thermal insulation performance, but also can play the effect of optimizing the structure, thereby promote sandwich structure combined material's mechanical properties, buffer performance, and can make sandwich structure combined material's weight, the volume reaches optimum level, construction convenience is good.
In the embodiment of the invention, the matrix resin is adopted to soak the glass fiber fabric or the glass fiber felt, and the curing time is not less than 20 min. In the embodiment of the invention, the adopted pressure range is preferably 0.1-0.4 MPa during pressing. In the embodiment of the invention, the pressing and the curing are synchronous. It is understood that the curing temperature may be determined by the kind of the resin and the curing agent, and that the unsaturated resin (for example, vinyl resin) may be cured at normal temperature (10 ℃ or higher). Some epoxy resins are curable at room temperature, and some are curable by heating (some are curable by heating to 100 ℃). In terms of time, the time of curing, generally 20 minutes or more is recommended, but the types of the resin and the curing agent are specifically considered.
The foam core material adopted by the embodiment of the invention can be treated on the surface before use, and comprises the following steps: the foam core material is characterized in that a plurality of longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves are formed in the first surface and the second surface of the foam core material respectively, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal grooves and the distance between every two adjacent transverse grooves are both 5-35 mm, the width of each groove is 5-10 mm, and the depth of each groove is 5-95% of the distance between the first surface and the second surface. Through the design, matrix resin can permeate and be filled into the groove, and the three-layer structure obtained after curing can realize mutual occlusion, thereby being beneficial to the improvement of structural stability, mechanical strength and scouring resistance. Meanwhile, the width, the distance and the depth of the groove are limited, so that the overall heat insulation performance is still not influenced when a part of the foam core material is hollowed, and the structural stability and the superior performance are both realized.
Furthermore, the intersection of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove is also provided with a hole perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface, and the aperture of the hole is consistent with the width of the groove. It is understood that the holes can be through holes or blind holes, and the arrangement of the holes can ensure that more matrix resin is soaked and molded in the foam core material layer, thereby further improving the structural stability, the mechanical strength and the scouring resistance.
In the sandwich structure composite material prepared by the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is preferably 1-5 mm, and the thickness of the foam core material is preferably 5-300 mm. The inventor finds that within the limited range of the thickness of the structural layer, the composite material with the sandwich structure can be obtained stably, and the effects of light weight and high strength are achieved. The sandwich structure composite material arranged according to the thickness of the layer can be used for splicing large-specification culture ponds and bearing large water pressure.
2. Culture pond
Referring to fig. 2, the culture pond of the embodiment is prepared by using the composite material with the sandwich structure, and the pond wall of the culture pond is formed by splicing the composite material with the sandwich structure in a detachable assembly manner; the bottom of the culture pond is made of a soft film material which is a thermoplastic resin impermeable film. The thermoplastic resin impermeable film can be selected from a thermoplastic resin woven film, a thermoplastic resin cast film, and a thermoplastic resin blown film.
The structure of the culture pond 10 is schematically shown in fig. 3. 11 is the pool wall, 111 is the detachable connecting piece, 112 is the sandwich structure composite material, 1121 is the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer, 1122 is the foam core material layer, 12 is the pool bottom. It will be appreciated that the detachable connection 111 described herein may have a variety of options, such as bolts and the like.
The specification of the sandwich structure composite material is designed according to the size of a target culture pond, and the sandwich structure composite material is spliced in a detachable connection mode, so that the construction convenience of the culture pond in construction and moving is improved. Through the control of the height of the tank wall formed by the blocky sandwich structure composite material, not only can the culture tank with unlimited scale be prepared, but also the prepared culture tank can keep the characteristics of strong rigidity of glass fiber reinforced plastics, has high shear strength and good toughness of structural foam, has the performances of buffering and heat preservation, and is important to ensure that the pressure generated by a large-area water body can be effectively resisted when the culture tank is fully loaded with seawater for production and culture, and meanwhile, the temperature of the water body in the culture tank can be effectively kept and stabilized.
Because sandwich structure combined material this application possesses self-cleaning function, can effectively avoid hiding dirty and holding, breed harmful microorganism, can ensure to breed the biology and be in good water environment for a long time, practiced thrift artifical clear labour and financial resources, avoid causing the unnecessary interference to breeding the biology, obviously improve and breed the benefit. According to practice, the inner surface of the culture pond provided by the application is smooth and has no micropores, and after 3 litopenaeus vannamei shrimps are cultured (about 10 months, 1 litopenaeus vannamei shrimp represents 1 time), the 3 litopenaeus vannamei shrimps have no disease condition and no obvious algae biological residue on the pond wall. Moreover, the pool wall is restored to be smooth after simple washing.
The embodiment of the invention abandons the method of using hard material as the bottom of the traditional culture pond, adopts soft material as the bottom of the culture pond for the first time, gets rid of the dilemma that the traditional culture pond is often limited by terrain during construction, and can realize the construction of the culture pond without large-scale ground leveling treatment. A large number of attempts prove that the bottom of the culture pond is soft, the pressure applied to the bottom of the culture pond when the culture pond is fully loaded with seawater can be well buffered, the characteristics of softness, seepage prevention and smoothness of the culture pond are utilized, the water pressure is effectively buffered, the adaptability of the culture pond to a culture farm site is improved, and the culture pond is not easy to crack.
With reference to the above implementation contents, in order to make the technical solutions of the present application more specific, clear and easy to understand, the technical solutions of the present application are exemplified, but it should be noted that the contents to be protected by the present application are not limited to the following embodiments 1 to 4.
Examples 1 to 2
Embodiments 1-2 provide a sandwich structure combined material and with this sandwich structure combined material assemble the breed pond that forms.
The sandwich structure composite material and the preparation thereof: examples 1-2 preparation of sandwich-structured composites the procedure was as in (1), (2) above, wherein step (2) was carried out as described under A. The parameters involved are shown in table 1 below.
Assembling a culture pond: the method is characterized in that the wall of the culture pond is spliced by the composite material with the sandwich structure prepared in the above way, and then the bottom of the wall of the culture pond is spliced with the thermoplastic resin anti-seepage film to form the aquaculture pond which is capable of being rapidly spliced and has the scale of 100 cubic meters and only adopts the thermoplastic resin anti-seepage film (specifically the thermoplastic resin woven film) at the bottom.
Examples 3 to 4
Embodiments 3 to 4 provide a composite material with a sandwich structure and a culture pond assembled by the composite material with the sandwich structure. Examples 3 to 4 are the preferred examples of example 1, and provide a sandwich structure composite material, which is prepared by the same steps and parameters as those of example 1, and is optimized with respect to example 1 only in that:
in example 3: the resin is epoxy resin 828, and 3 parts of EVA is added in 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin 828;
in example 4, the resin is epoxy 828, and 20 parts by weight of EVA is added to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy 828.
Assembling a culture pond: the wall of the culture pond is spliced by the composite materials with the sandwich structures prepared in the embodiments 3 and 4 respectively, and then the bottom of the wall of the culture pond is spliced with the thermoplastic resin impermeable film to form the aquaculture pond which is capable of being rapidly spliced and has the size of 100 cubic meters and only adopts the thermoplastic resin impermeable film (specifically, the thermoplastic resin woven film) at the bottom.
The performance of the sandwich structure composite material suitable for the culture pond is tested by the inventor, and the result is shown in table 2.
According to the test results in table 2, the sandwich structure composite materials provided in examples 1 and 2 have good mechanical properties and seawater applicability, and have high applicability to aquaculture ponds.
The assembled culture pond can be arranged according to the landform due to the adoption of the soft bottom, so that the cost for leveling the ground of the culture field is reduced. After 3 litopenaeus vannamei boone generations are cultured (about 10 months, 1 generation represents 1 time), the litopenaeus vannamei boone of the 3 litopenaeus vannamei boone generations have no disease condition and no obvious algae biological residue on the pool wall. The culture pond has good heat preservation performance, the penaeus vannamei boone does not die, the culture pond wall does not have the phenomena of softening, expansion, deformation, crack, roughening, yellowing and aging along with sunshine and the like, and the upper part and the lower part of the seawater liquid level do not have micropores on the surface of the pond wall caused by seawater fluctuation scouring. After simple scouring, the pool wall is restored to be smooth, and the next cultivation production cycle can be continued.
The results of examples 3 and 4 are further superior to those of examples 1 and 2, which shows that better performance can be obtained if the kind of resin is optimized after the basic effect of the present application can be achieved.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is a comparative example of example 1, and provides a sandwich structure composite material and a method for preparing the same, which are different from the method for preparing example 1 only in that: the high-density polyurethane adhesive is prepared from Hangao polyurethane 8103 and a curing agent 5400 in a mass ratio of 5: 1 instead of the matrix resin of the formulation shown in example 1, the resin content in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer was 25% by weight.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is a comparative example of example 1, and provides a sandwich structure composite material and a method for preparing the same, which are different from the method for preparing example 1 only in that: the density of the foam core material is 30g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.015W/m.times.K, the ultimate shear stress was 0.25MPa, and the flat compressive strength was 1.5 MPa.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is a comparative example of example 1, and provides a sandwich structure composite material and a method for preparing the same, comprising the steps of:
step 1, respectively forming a plurality of longitudinal grooves and a plurality of transverse grooves on a first surface and a second surface of a foam core material by using a grooving machine, wherein the depth of each groove is 2mm, the width of each groove is 2mm, and the distance between every two grooves is 40 mm;
step 2, uniformly brushing matrix resin with the same formula as that of the embodiment 1 on the first surface of the foam core material in a manual mode, wherein 500g of glue solution is used per square meter, and the glue solution is not coated in the groove;
step 3, paving a phenolic resin based glass fiber pearly-lustre plate on one side of the foam core material coated with the matrix resin, repeating the step 3 on the other side of the foam core material, and then paving another phenolic resin based glass fiber pearly-lustre plate;
and 4, starting a hot press, setting the temperature to be 60 ℃, setting the pressure to be 0.8 MPa, 1500mm and 2500mm to be 3000000 ox to be about 30.59 tons, putting the combined plate into the hot press after the temperature reaches 60 ℃, filling the groove with redundant glue solution, then partially flowing out of the plate along the groove, taking out the plate after 20 seconds, and cooling the plate to room temperature in air.
The pool walls of the culture pool are respectively assembled by adopting the composite materials with the sandwich structures prepared in the comparative examples 1-3, then the bottoms of the pool walls are spliced with the thermoplastic resin anti-seepage films to form the aquaculture pool which is capable of being rapidly assembled and has the scale of 100 cubic meters and only adopts the thermoplastic resin anti-seepage films (specifically thermoplastic resin woven films) at the bottoms.
The results of the performance test on the composite materials with sandwich structure of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 suitable for the culture pond are shown in table 3, and it can be seen from table 3 that the performance of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 is totally inferior to that of example 1.
The aquaculture pond formed by splicing the composite materials with the sandwich structures of comparative examples 1-3 is used for aquaculture, and is found in the process of culturing 3 litopenaeus vannamei (about 10 months, 1 litopenaeus vannamei represents 1 time):
in the culture pond assembled by the composite material with the sandwich structure of the comparative example 1, green algae which can be observed by naked eyes are parasitized on the wall of the culture pond in the culture process, and the water in the culture pond slowly becomes yellow green, so that the average death rate of the 3 litopenaeus vannamei prawns is about 10 percent.
In the culture pond assembled by the composite materials with the sandwich structures of the comparative examples 2 and 3, the walls of the culture pond are softened, expanded, deformed, cracked, roughened, yellowed and aged along with sunshine and the like in the culture process, micropores are formed on the surface of the pond wall at the upper part and the lower part of the seawater liquid level due to the fluctuating scouring of seawater, green algae are parasitized in the micropores, excrement, feed residues and the like of penaeus vannamei boone are deposited, and the smoothness before use is difficult to recover even if a force is used for brushing and is difficult to recycle. In addition, the culture ponds of the two comparative examples have poor heat preservation performance, and the death of the penaeus vannamei boone in the culture process is further aggravated.
It should be noted that the inventor also tried to assemble the pool walls with the composite material of the sandwich structure in example 1, and at the same time, the culture pool with the hard pool bottom is assembled by using commercially available glass fiber reinforced plastic as the bottom. This breed pond need level the use place before using, is showing to increase manpower and materials. Even so, the ground of the flat field is inevitably uneven again under the conditions of environmental humidity (such as rainwater) and environmental pressure (including pressure from the culture pond), so that the inclination of the hard pond bottom and the like are caused, and finally, the integral degeneration of the pond wall and the slight change of the internal structure are caused, and the continuous recycling can not be realized.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention is based on the developed sandwich structure composite material with good characteristics, can assemble the culture pond on site, and can efficiently and simply complete the construction of the whole industrial culture. The modular aquaculture pond is characterized in that the customized production of standard components is directly completed in a factory, and aquaculture facilities with various specifications are assembled on site by a simple assembly mode. The modular aquaculture pond can also customize the culture pond specification according to the different demands of users, and relative civil engineering culture pond has higher place adaptability and can be installed and removed repeatedly, has overcome the limitation in the aspects such as ordinary civil engineering culture pond construction cycle length, investment scale are big, the land demand is strict, has the cost low, and the installation is convenient, and the construction is swift, the advantage in rational utilization place.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the wall material of the culture pond is characterized in that the sandwich structure composite material comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially laminated; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, the middle layer is a foam core material layer, and the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
mixing the resin with a curing agent to prepare a matrix resin;
infiltrating a glass fiber fabric and/or a glass fiber felt with the matrix resin to obtain a glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic preformed layer on two sides of the middle layer, and laminating and curing to obtain a sandwich structure composite material with a structure that the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is sandwiched with the foam core material layer;
the mass ratio of the resin to the curing agent is (3-4.5) to 1; the weight content of resin in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 28-60%;
the resin is epoxy resin, and 3-20 parts by weight of polar thermoplastic elastomer is added into every 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin;
the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 1-5 mm, and the thickness of the foam core material layer is 5-300 mm;
the density of the foam core material layer is 40-400 g/cm3Thermal conductanceThe rate is 0.029-0.08W/m multiplied by K, the ultimate shear stress is 0.371-2.00 MPa, and the flat compression strength is 1.88-4.5 MPa;
foam core material layer sets up all to be equipped with a plurality of vertical recesses and horizontal recess on two surfaces on the glass steel layer, and is adjacent interval between the vertical recess, adjacent interval between the horizontal recess are 5 ~ 35mm, the width of recess is 5 ~ 10mm, the degree of depth of recess does foam core material layer thickness's 5 ~ 95%.
2. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the curing agent is 4: 1; the weight content of the resin in the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 28%.
3. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall material according to claim 1, wherein the density of the foam core material layer is 60-80 g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.029 to 0.04W/m.times.K.
4. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall material according to claim 1, wherein a hole perpendicular to the foam core material layer is further formed at the intersection of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, and the aperture of the hole is consistent with the width of the groove.
5. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic layer is 2.5-3.5 mm, and the thickness of the foam core material layer is 20-30 mm.
6. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall materials according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the curing time is not less than 20min, and the pressing pressure is 0.1-0.4 MPa.
7. A sandwich structure composite material for wall materials of culture ponds, prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the sandwich structured composite material according to claim 7 as a wall material for a culture pond.
9. A culture pond, characterized by comprising a pond wall assembled by the sandwich structure composite material for the culture pond wall material of claim 7.
10. The culture pond according to claim 9, wherein the bottom of the pond is made of a soft film material, and the soft film material is a thermoplastic resin impermeable film.
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| CN109169473B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2024-03-19 | 佛山佛塑科技集团股份有限公司 | Spliced culture pond and splicing method thereof |
| CN109717082A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-07 | 柯严 | Pig warming backing plate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115302913A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-08 | 江苏中科聚合新材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Structural-function integrated heat-preservation beehive and preparation method thereof |
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