CN108719169B - Low-emission industrial prawn culture system - Google Patents
Low-emission industrial prawn culture system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108719169B CN108719169B CN201810531842.8A CN201810531842A CN108719169B CN 108719169 B CN108719169 B CN 108719169B CN 201810531842 A CN201810531842 A CN 201810531842A CN 108719169 B CN108719169 B CN 108719169B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-emission industrial prawn culture system. The system comprises a culture pond, a microfiltration machine buffer pond, a microfiltration machine and an oxygen dissolving container, wherein the culture pond is communicated with a water inlet pipe; the microfiltration machine buffer pool is provided with an overflow port which is communicated with the main discharge pipe through a water changing pipe; the micro-filter is arranged above the micro-filter, the micro-filter is communicated with the bottom of the culture pond through a main row pipe, and a water outlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the micro-filter buffer pond; the top of the dissolved oxygen container is provided with an ejector, a main pipeline of the ejector is communicated with the second water inlet pump to be communicated with the microfiltration machine buffer pool, and a bypass of the ejector is communicated with an oxygen inlet pipe to mix oxygen into water; the dissolved oxygen container is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond through a loop water pipe. The low-emission industrial prawn culture system provided by the invention adopts the small water body circulation system, reduces the water requirement of the whole culture system on the basis of ensuring the water quality of the culture water body, reduces the operation cost and the whole equipment investment of the system in the culture process, and can meet the requirement of high-density culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a low-emission industrial prawn cultivation system.
Background
China is the largest prawn breeding country in the world, and the breeding area reaches more than 400 mu of acre. The consumption of the penaeus chinensis in each year is 200 million tons, the penaeus chinensis is converted from a penaeus chinensis export country to a penaeus chinensis import country before and after 2013 years, the import quantity of the penaeus chinensis in 2017 is estimated to exceed 100 million tons, and the total demand of the penaeus chinensis is strong.
The current prawn culture has the following modes:
the most traditional prawn culture mode is characterized in that external seawater is directly introduced, water is not changed or is rarely changed in the whole culture process, and a water vehicle oxygen increasing device is arranged in a culture pond. The soil pond culture mode can not be controlled in the culture process, the people can eat on the day completely, the culture yield is extremely low, generally about 500 jin/mu, the culture success rate is low, and the mode is rarely adopted in general large-scale culture.
The high-level pond culture is carried out, after 2000 years, a prawn culture mode is gradually introduced, namely, an impermeable membrane product is adopted to lay the bottom on the basis of the traditional soil pond, meanwhile, the bottom of the culture pond is designed into an inclined plane, and a bottom drainage pipe is laid in the center of the culture pond; the aquaculture pond is provided with a waterwheel oxygen increasing device and a micropore oxygen increasing pipe at the bottom of the pond, the pond water body is caused to rotate slowly under the action of the waterwheel, and the pollutants such as residual bait, excrement and the like in the pond can be discharged in time through a bottom center sewage discharge pipe. The elevated pond culture mode is a main mode for culturing the prawns at present and is also a culture mode with the largest culture area. A part of control means is introduced into the high-level pond culture mode, the unit culture yield is about 3000 jin/mu generally, but with the development of economy in China, particularly the long-term extensive aquaculture in coastal areas, serious pollution is caused to local water areas, the success rate of the prawn culture industry in recent years is low due to the deterioration of external water sources, and the culture density cannot be improved.
Industrial aquaculture is affected by deterioration of external water source environment and low overall success rate of the prawn aquaculture industry in recent years, industry development is low, the traditional soil pond aquaculture and high-level pond aquaculture modes are in bottleneck, and the aquaculture modes are in urgent need of development and innovation. The industrial culture mode starts from the north in China, and the initial flounder and shrimp species are gradually expanded to various economic fishes and shrimps. The industrial culture of the prawns comprises two forms of industrial running water culture and industrial full-circulation water culture, the industrial running water culture ensures the cleanness of water in the system, but the consumption of water resources is large, and culture wastewater is not treated; the industrial full-circulation water culture has small water resource consumption, but uses a large amount of various devices in a culture system, has large energy consumption and high cost, and is not easy to popularize. There are two major problems with this model at present: firstly, the current so-called factory culture mode is derived from abalone and sea cucumber culture modes in northern China, and the basic concept of a cement pond and a greenhouse is still not completely separated after years of development. Secondly, practice verification shows that the whole equipment is high in overall cost and the investment of the early equipment is extremely large in the whole recirculating aquaculture; the equipment has huge energy consumption in operation, and the cultivation cost is more than one time higher than the traditional cultivation cost; water is basically not changed in the whole culture period, the culture water body has a plurality of problems of ion imbalance and the like, various supplement reagents need to be put in, but the effect of natural seawater is still difficult to achieve, and the growth of the prawns is influenced; practice shows that the prior full-circulating water culture mode has low economic index and no possibility of large-scale popularization and application, and the currently operated factory full-circulating water culture farm mainly aims at demonstration culture and leisure travel.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the situation, the invention needs to provide a low-emission industrial prawn culture system, and the small water body circulation system is adopted, so that the water requirement of the whole culture system is reduced on the basis of ensuring the water quality of the culture water body, the operation cost and the whole equipment investment of the system in the culture process are reduced, and the high-density culture can be met.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-emission industrial prawn farming system, comprising:
the water inlet pipe is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond, and the part, located in the culture pond, of the water inlet pipe forms an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction; the bottom of the culture pond is communicated with a main discharge pipe, and a main discharge valve is arranged on the main discharge pipe;
the microfiltration machine buffer tank is communicated with the main discharge pipe through a water changing pipe, and a water changing valve is arranged on the water changing pipe;
the microfiltration machine is arranged above the microfiltration machine buffer tank; the water inlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the main discharge pipe through a micro-filter water inlet pipe, the water level in the micro-filter is lower than the highest water level of the culture pond, and the water in the culture pond is pressed into the micro-filter for filtering by utilizing the principle of a communicating device; a microfiltration water inlet valve is arranged at the position of the water inlet pipe of the microfiltration machine, which is close to the microfiltration machine; the water outlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the buffer pool of the micro-filter through a water outlet pipe of the micro-filter;
the top of the dissolved oxygen container is provided with an ejector, a main pipeline of the ejector is communicated with a second water inlet pump, and the second water inlet pump is communicated with the microfiltration machine buffer tank so as to pump water in the microfiltration tank into the dissolved oxygen container; the bypass of the ejector is communicated with an oxygen inlet pipe so as to introduce oxygen into the ejector; the dissolved oxygen container is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond through a loop water pipe, and the part, located in the culture pond, of the loop water pipe is at an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction.
According to the low-emission industrial prawn culture system, the culture pond is communicated with the micro-filter, the micro-filter filters solid wastes (residual baits, excrement and the like) with the diameter of more than 50 micrometers in water, and the solid wastes and the oxygen are added to the culture pond to perform small water circulation, so that the problem of water quality deterioration caused by the fact that the residual baits and the excrement are dissolved in the water and are converted into ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be greatly reduced, the time for the water body deterioration of the culture pond is delayed, the water change frequency of the whole culture system is reduced, and the purposes of saving water and reducing the discharge of sewage are achieved; the valve at the front end of the micro-filter can be adjusted in the culture process, the circulation volume can be intelligently adjusted according to different periods, the uninterrupted filtration circulation of the water body of the culture pond can be realized under the condition of not needing power water lifting, the requirement of the whole culture system on water is reduced on the basis of ensuring the water quality of the culture water body, and the operation cost and the whole equipment investment of the system in the culture process are reduced; the water body can realize automatic oxygenation, and because the oxygen source is pure oxygen, compared with the traditional waterwheel or blowing type oxygenation mode, the oxygen concentration is high, and the requirement of high-density culture can be met.
In some embodiments, the low-emission industrial prawn cultivation system further comprises a water changing pipe valve well, a water changing valve is arranged on the water changing pipe, the water changing pipe penetrates through the water changing pipe valve well, and the water changing valve is arranged in the water changing pipe valve well and communicated with the drain pipe. The requirement of daily slow water change can be met through the water change pipeline system, and the stress reaction of the prawns is reduced.
In some embodiments, the low-emission industrial prawn cultivation system further comprises a main exhaust pipe valve well, a main exhaust valve is arranged on the main exhaust pipe, the main exhaust pipe penetrates through the main exhaust pipe valve well, and the main exhaust valve is arranged in the main exhaust pipe valve well. The water can be quickly changed through the main drainage system in an emergency state, and the phenomenon of large-area theft is prevented.
In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the culture pond forms an angle of 3-7 degrees with the horizontal plane, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a central sewage draining hole, the central sewage draining hole is covered with an anti-escape net, and the main drainage pipe is communicated with the culture pond through the central sewage draining hole. Waste such as residual bait, excrement and the like generated in the culture process can be automatically gathered towards the central sewage draining hole under the rotating action of water, and the sewage can be efficiently drained.
In some embodiments, the culture pond is made of a sandwich structure composite material, and the sandwich structure composite material comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially laminated; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, and the middle layer is a foam core material layer. The sandwich structure composite material has a heat preservation function and can meet the culture requirement under the low-temperature climate condition in the north.
In some embodiments, the micro-filter is provided with a drain outlet, the drain outlet is connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is communicated with the main drain pipe or a sewage treatment system.
In some embodiments, the dissolved oxygen container is arranged in a conical shape, and the oxygen cylinder water inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the dissolved oxygen container with a smaller size.
In some embodiments, the microfiltration machine buffer pool is provided with an overflow port, and the overflow port is communicated with the water changing pipe.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a microporous aeration device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a low-emission industrial prawn culture system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a low-emission industrial prawn culture system, which comprises a culture pond 10, a microfiltration machine buffer pond 20, a microfiltration machine 30 and an oxygen dissolving container 40, wherein the culture pond 10 is used for containing water, prawns are placed in the water in the culture pond 10 for culture, the microfiltration machine 30 is used for pumping circulating water in the culture pond 10, filtering the circulating water and introducing the circulating water into the microfiltration machine buffer pond 20 for standby, and the oxygen dissolving container 40 is used for mixing the water filtered by the microfiltration machine 30 and oxygen to form high-concentration oxygenated water.
The whole culture pond 10 is made of a sandwich structure composite material, and the sandwich structure composite material comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially stacked; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, and the middle layer is a foam core material layer. The sandwich structure composite material has a heat preservation function and can meet the culture requirement under the low-temperature climate condition in the north. The culture pond 10 can be designed into any size and shape, and can fully meet the culture requirements of different terrains and different scales. The culture pond adopts a splicing installation mode, the installation process is simple and quick, and civil construction is not needed. The culture pond has excellent material performance, high strength, service life of 50 years and capacity of being disassembled and assembled repeatedly. The wall plate of the culture pond 10 is compact and smooth, and the wall of the pond does not breed bacteria in the culture process, thereby being particularly suitable for the growth requirement of prawns.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the side surface of the culture pond 10 near the top is connected to a water inlet pipe 12, and the part of the water inlet pipe 12 in the culture pond 10 forms an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction, so that the water in the culture pond 10 is driven to rotate by a reasonable water flow incidence angle under the pressure condition that can be realized. Preferably, the part of the water inlet pipe 12 located in the culture pond 10 is at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction. The water inlet pipe 12 is communicated with a first water inlet pump 16 in the culture pond 10, and pumps external water into the culture pond 10, so that the pressure of water is increased, the power of the water entering the culture pond 10 is increased, and the rotation of the water body is assisted.
Referring to fig. 1, the bottom of the cultivation pond 10 is designed as a high-level pond, the bottom of the cultivation pond 10 forms an angle of 3-7 degrees with the horizontal plane, the bottom of the cultivation pond 10 is provided with a central sewage drainage hole 13, the central sewage drainage hole 13 is covered with an anti-escape net 14, and a main drainage pipe 15 is communicated with the central sewage drainage hole 13 at the bottom of the cultivation pond 10 to drain water with solid waste generated by the cultivation pond 10. Waste such as residual bait, excrement and the like generated in the culture process can be automatically gathered towards the central sewage draining hole under the rotating action of water, and the sewage can be efficiently drained. The pipe diameter of the main discharge pipe 15 is DN160, which ensures the water exchange quantity.
The bottom of the culture pond 10 is provided with a micropore aeration device which can assist and enhance the self-rotation of the water body of the culture pond. The culture pond 10 adopts a half-buried installation mode, the buried depth is 800mm, and the ground part is 1000 mm.
The microfiltration machine buffer tank 20 is arranged outside the culture tank 10, and the top position of the microfiltration machine buffer tank is lower than the culture tank 10, so that the water level of the microfiltration machine buffer tank is lower than the water level of the culture tank 10. The microfiltration machine buffer tank 20 is provided with an overflow port 21, and the overflow port 21 is communicated with the main discharge pipe 15 through a water changing pipe 23 so as to change water for the culture pond 10. The overflow of the culture pond 10 is achieved through the overflow port 21 of the microfiltration machine buffer tank 20 during periods when the small circulation system is not in operation. The microfiltration machine buffer tank 20 is submerged underground.
The micro-filter 30 is installed above the micro-filter buffer pool 20, the water inlet of the micro-filter 30 is communicated with the main discharge pipe 15 through a micro-filter water inlet pipe 34, the water level in the micro-filter 30 is lower than the highest water level of the culture pool 10, the water in the culture pool 10 is pressed into the micro-filter 30 by utilizing the communicating device principle, the circulating water discharged by the main discharge pipe 15 contains solid wastes such as residual baits, excrement and the like, and the solid wastes are introduced into the micro-filter 30 through the micro-filter water inlet pipe 34 for circulating filtration, so that the water quality is improved. The micro-filtration water inlet valve 17 is arranged at the position of the micro-filtration machine inlet pipe 34 close to the micro-filtration machine 30, the water circulation quantity can be controlled through the micro-filtration water inlet valve 17, and the uninterrupted filtration circulation of the water body of the culture pond can be realized under the condition of not needing power water lifting. The water outlet of the micro-filter 30 is communicated with the micro-filter buffer tank 20 through a micro-filter water outlet pipe 31 so as to discharge the water filtered by the micro-filter 30 into the micro-filter buffer tank 20. The designed capacity of the micro-filter 30 is 30t/h, the micro-filter can be actually adjusted according to the water body capacity of different culture ponds, the micro-filter 30 mainly has the functions of filtering solid wastes (residual baits, excrement and the like) with the diameter of more than 50 micrometers in water, and the residual baits and the excrement and urine generated in the water body are timely processed, so that the problem of water quality deterioration caused by the fact that the residual baits and the excrement and urine are dissolved in the water body and are converted into ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be greatly reduced, the time for water body deterioration of the culture ponds is delayed, the water changing frequency of the whole culture system is reduced, and the purposes of saving water and reducing the discharge.
The micro-filter 30 has a drain outlet, which is connected to a drain pipe 33, the drain pipe 33 is connected to one end of the main pipe 15 far away from the culture pond 10, the discharged sewage is discharged into the main pipe 15, and is discharged along with the main pipe 15 for further treatment. Or the sewage discharge pipe 33 is directly communicated with a sewage treatment system to treat and recycle sewage.
The microfiltration machine frame is mounted 150mm above the top of the microfiltration machine buffer reservoir 20, for example, a 150mm pad is provided on the top of the microfiltration machine buffer reservoir 20.
The dissolved oxygen container 40 is used for mixing water and pure oxygen, the top of the dissolved oxygen container 40 is provided with an ejector 42, the ejector 40 is a tee joint, a main pipeline 41 of the ejector 40 is communicated with the second water inlet pump 32, the second water inlet pump 32 is communicated with a micro-filter loop water pipe 35, the micro-filter loop water pipe 35 is communicated with the micro-filter buffer pool 20, therefore, the second water inlet pump 32 sucks water in the micro-filter buffer pool 20 through the micro-filter loop water pipe 35 and then pumps the water into the ejector 40, one bypass of the ejector 40 is communicated with the dissolved oxygen container 40, and the other bypass of the ejector 42 is communicated with an oxygen inlet pipe 43. Pure oxygen in the oxygen inlet pipe 43 is introduced into the ejector 42, high-speed gas-water mixing is performed in the ejector 42, and oxygen dissolution is completed in the dissolved oxygen container 40 to form water with high-concentration oxygen. The dissolved oxygen container 40 is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond 10 through a loop water pipe 44, and the part, located in the culture pond 10, of the loop water pipe 44 forms an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction. Preferably, the part of the return water pipe 44 in the culture pond 10 is at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction. Therefore, the water in the culture pond 10 is oxygenated by high concentration, the water quality can be kept at a better level, and the stocking density in the culture pond can be objectively improved, so that the culture yield of the whole unit area is improved.
The dissolved oxygen at the water outlet of the dissolved oxygen container 40 can reach 50mg/L, and the automatic oxygenation of the water body is synchronously realized in a small circulating system. Because the oxygen source is pure oxygen, compared with the traditional waterwheel or blast type oxygenation mode, the oxygen concentration is high, and the requirement of high-density culture can be met.
The low-emission industrial prawn breeding system 100 further comprises a water changing valve well 50, a water changing valve 231 is arranged on the water changing pipe 23, the water changing pipe 23 penetrates through the water changing valve well 50 and is communicated with the drainage pipe 15, and the water changing valve 231 is arranged in the water changing valve well 50. The requirement of daily slow water change can be met through the water change pipeline, and the stress reaction of the prawns is reduced. When the culture pond needs to be wholly changed with water, the whole water changing time and the whole water changing amount are controlled by adjusting the water changing valve 231 and the opening time.
The low-emission industrial prawn breeding system 100 further comprises a main exhaust pipe valve well 60, a main exhaust valve 18 is arranged on the main exhaust pipe 15, the main exhaust pipe 15 penetrates through the main exhaust pipe valve well 60, and the main exhaust valve 18 is arranged in the main exhaust pipe valve well 60. Can realize changing water fast through main calandria 15 system under emergency state, prevent to appear stealing the phenomenon of dying by a large scale.
The water change amount can be adjusted by the two pipelines of the water change pipe 23 and the main drainage pipe 15 without mutual interference.
During the culture period, the microfiltration water inlet valve 17 and the water changing valve 231 are kept normally open, and the main discharge valve 18 is closed for a long time; the emergency treatment period is reversed.
The water changing amount is controlled according to different growth periods of the prawns, in the early stage of cultivation (seedling stage), because the produced residual bait and excrement are not large in amount, the water quality of the cultivation pond can be ensured by filtering through a micro-filter, and basically the water changing is not considered; in the middle stage of cultivation (the second month), the amount of residual bait excrement and urine is gradually increased along with the growth of prawn individuals, the circulating treatment capacity of a micro-filter can be adjusted in the stage, the gradually increased residual bait excrement and urine is solved by increasing the circulating amount, meanwhile, the water microecological system balance of the water quality of the culture pond is adjusted by properly changing water (generally 10-30 cm/day and the water depth of the culture pond), and the key is that the water quality is stable and qualified in the middle stage of cultivation, and the excessive stress of the prawns is prevented; in the later stage of cultivation, the prawn individual is larger, the anti-stress capability is enhanced, the prawn cultivation method is suitable for larger daily water change amount, in the later stage of cultivation, the amount of residual bait excrement generated in the water body is increased sharply, a micro-filter system cannot meet the requirement of water quality regulation, in addition, the consumption amount of various trace elements in the water body is larger, and at the moment, a larger amount of water is required to be changed to ensure the water quality (generally, 50 cm/day or more and the depth of water in a cultivation pond is recommended).
The culture period of the prawns is three months, and the first month seedling stage does not consider the whole water change. In the second month, the water amount is changed by 10-30 cm/day (the water depth of the culture pond). In the third month, the water is changed by 50 cm/day or more (the water depth of the culture pond) every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with a full-circulating water treatment system, the system only adopts a micro-filter water treatment device, and the whole equipment investment is low.
2. Through reasonable putting, can realize the unpowered automatic cycle of microstrainer and handle, the microstrainer need not to use power when daily use, only begins spray pump when filter screen impurity is more, and whole energy consumption is about 200W. The whole energy consumption of the whole system is less than 20% of the energy consumption of the whole circulating water treatment system.
3. The problem of ecological system imbalance caused by the fact that the full-circulating water treatment system depends on a pool of water for shrimp culture for a long time is solved through the mutual matching of the small circulation of the micro-filter system and the large circulation of water change; meanwhile, the problem that the full-circulation water treatment system is not successful in cultivation frequently in the later period of cultivation is solved.
4. Compared with the traditional culture mode of the soil pond and the elevated pond, the technology provided by the invention can realize accurate regulation and control of water quality in the culture pond, can meet high-density stocking conditions, and has unit yield of 10000 jin/mu, which is 50 times of that of the culture mode of the soil pond and 3-5 times of that of the culture mode of the elevated pond.
5. The water quality management and regulation and control related in the invention are dynamically controlled according to the instant data obtained by various precise instruments and online sensors, and are matched with various detection means and pest control management, so that the breeding success rate is greatly improved, the industrial prawn breeding success rate can reach more than 70% by adopting the technology of the invention, and the overall prawn breeding success rate in southern in 2016 is less than 20%.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A low-emission industrial prawn farming system, comprising:
the water inlet pipe is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond, and the part, located in the culture pond, of the water inlet pipe forms an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction; the bottom of the culture pond is communicated with a main discharge pipe, and a main discharge valve is arranged on the main discharge pipe;
the microfiltration machine buffer tank is communicated with the main discharge pipe through a water changing pipe, and a water changing valve is arranged on the water changing pipe;
the water changing pipe is arranged in the water changing pipe valve well in a penetrating mode and communicated with the main pipe arrangement, and the water changing valve is arranged in the water changing pipe valve well;
the microfiltration machine is arranged above the microfiltration machine buffer tank; the water inlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the main discharge pipe through a micro-filter water inlet pipe, the water level in the micro-filter is lower than the highest water level of the culture pond, and the water in the culture pond is pressed into the micro-filter for filtering by utilizing the principle of a communicating device; a microfiltration water inlet valve is arranged at the position of the water inlet pipe of the microfiltration machine, which is close to the microfiltration machine; the water outlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the buffer pool of the micro-filter through a water outlet pipe of the micro-filter;
the top of the dissolved oxygen container is provided with an ejector, a main pipeline of the ejector is communicated with a second water inlet pump, and the second water inlet pump is communicated with the microfiltration machine buffer tank so as to pump water in the microfiltration machine buffer tank into the dissolved oxygen container; the bypass of the ejector is communicated with an oxygen inlet pipe so as to introduce oxygen into the ejector; the dissolved oxygen container is communicated with the position, close to the top, of the culture pond through a loop water pipe, and the part, located in the culture pond, of the loop water pipe is at an angle of 30-70 degrees with the horizontal direction.
2. The low-emission industrial prawn cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a main exhaust pipe valve well, wherein the main exhaust pipe penetrates through the main exhaust pipe valve well, and the main exhaust valve is disposed in the main exhaust pipe valve well.
3. The system for culturing the low-emission industrial prawns according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the culture pond forms an angle of 3-7 degrees with the horizontal plane, a central sewage draining hole is formed in the bottom of the culture pond, an escape-proof net is covered at the central sewage draining hole, and the main drain pipe is communicated with the culture pond through the central sewage draining hole.
4. The low-emission industrial prawn culture system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the culture pond is made of a sandwich structure composite material, and the sandwich structure composite material comprises a first layer, a middle layer and a second layer which are sequentially stacked; the first layer and the second layer are glass fiber reinforced plastic layers, and the middle layer is a foam core material layer.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the micro-filter is provided with a drain outlet, the drain outlet is connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is communicated with the main drain pipe or a sewage treatment system.
6. The low-emission industrial prawn culture system according to claim 1, wherein the dissolved oxygen container is arranged in a conical shape, and an oxygen cylinder water inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the dissolved oxygen container with a smaller size.
7. The low-emission industrial prawn culture system according to claim 1, wherein the microfiltration machine buffer pool is provided with an overflow port, and the overflow port is communicated with the water changing pipe.
8. The low-emission industrial prawn culture system according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a microporous aeration device.
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