CN107743415B

CN107743415B - Plasma processing device for exhaust gas of incineration and gasification process

Info

Publication number: CN107743415B
Application number: CN201680033772.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 洪镛澈; 赵诚润
Original assignee: Korea Nuclear Integration Energy Research Institute
Current assignee: Korea nuclear integration Energy Research Institute
Priority date: 2015-06-08
Filing date: 2016-06-08
Publication date: 2021-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2036-06-08
Also published as: MY194872A; CN107743415A; WO2016200143A1; KR20160144074A; PH12017502245A1; KR101804013B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a waste or biomass treatment apparatus for decomposing and treating refractory substances contained in exhaust gas generated in a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus including a gasification unit, a plurality of backend process units for converting into renewable energy or utilizing the renewable energy, a plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, and a first plasma treatment apparatus.

Description

Plasma processing device for exhaust gas of incineration and gasification process

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste or biomass, and more particularly to an apparatus for treating waste or biomass capable of decomposing and removing refractory substances contained in exhaust gas generated after thermochemical conversion of waste or biomass.

Background

Due to the increase of population and the accelerated development of industrialization, energy resources are gradually exhausted, and a large amount of garbage, sludge, excrement, food garbage and the like are generated due to various production activities and consumption activities, thereby causing serious environmental pollution.

In order to solve such problems of depletion of energy resources and environmental pollution, recently, it has become difficult to obtain landfills and regulations for preventing environmental pollution have been strengthened, and therefore, the conventional waste treatment methods relying on landfills, marine emissions, simple incineration, and the like have been shifted to methods of recycling waste and recovering energy generated during incineration of waste.

Further, effective utilization of Biomass (Biomass) as a new renewable energy source has attracted much attention together with reuse of waste. Biomass is biodegradable organic matter derived from animals, plants and microorganisms, also referred to as biomass or biomass. The biomass category includes all organic substances formed from carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and the like, such as wood (woody biomass), herbaceous plants (energy crops), agricultural crops and agricultural byproducts, livestock and poultry excrements, food waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, and the like, which can be easily found in our surroundings. In order to utilize such biomass, a technology for producing synthesis gas from biomass through a thermochemical conversion process is being studied and developed. Here, methods of burning, pyrolyzing, and gasifying biomass are included in thermochemical conversion of biomass, and a gasification method is generally widely used.

However, there are problems to be solved in recycling of waste and utilization of biomass.

That is, in the case of wastes, the method of directly incinerating the domestic wastes has an advantage of very simple process since all incineration processes are completed in the incinerator, but in the case of directly feeding the moisture-rich flame-retardant domestic wastes into the incinerator without pretreatment, there is a problem that incomplete combustion and generation of pollutants such as dioxin in exhaust gas are relatively high due to a decrease in combustion temperature, and the method of incinerating the domestic wastes through a pyrolysis process has an advantage of relatively reducing generation of dioxin due to pyrolysis and incineration processes performed at high temperature as compared with the direct incineration, but on the contrary, there is a disadvantage of requiring a large initial investment cost and high running cost due to a complicated system.

In the case of biomass, exhaust gas discharged in the process of gasifying biomass contains refractory substances such as Tar (Tar) and impurities, and thus a purification process for purifying them is required.

In order to remove refractory and pollutant substances in exhaust gas generated when thermal chemical conversion of waste or biomass is carried out, a method of decomposing refractory substances by contacting and reacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst such as mineral catalyst and synthetic catalyst is generally used, but there are problems as follows: the refractory material deposits on the catalytic surface, making the catalyst susceptible to deactivation.

Therefore, it is difficult to produce synthetic gas in which degradation is difficult and pollutants are completely purified, which is an energy source for completely purifying degradation-resistant substances and pollutants, and thus it is difficult to produce energy using waste or biomass.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

To solve these problems, the present inventors have developed a waste or biomass treatment apparatus comprising: a plasma treatment device for increasing the reaction time of exhaust gas and plasma is provided in an exhaust gas transport pipe for transporting the exhaust gas generated in the thermal chemical conversion process of waste or biomass, so that the refractory substances contained in the exhaust gas can be effectively decomposed and removed.

(II) technical scheme

The present invention provides an apparatus for treating waste or biomass, which decomposes and treats refractory substances contained in exhaust gas generated in a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass, the apparatus comprising: a gasification unit configured to gasify the waste or biomass by thermochemical conversion; a plurality of rear end process units, which are disposed in sequence behind the gasification unit, and convert the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit into renewable energy or use the renewable energy; a plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes for transporting the gas between the gasification part and the rear end process part or for transporting the gas between the rear end process parts; and a first plasma processing device provided in one or more of the exhaust gas transport pipes, and configured to decompose, by plasma, a hardly degradable substance in the gas transported through the exhaust gas transport pipes.

The first plasma processing apparatus is in a double tube type including an external reactor and an internal reactor, and the gas transported through the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes flows between the external reactor and the internal reactor, and the gas flowing in after flowing in is decomposed and discharged by plasma while moving in a direction opposite to a forward direction.

The first plasma processing apparatus includes: an external reactor having a hollow columnar shape and including a first side surface portion perpendicular to an axial direction of the columnar shape and a second side surface portion facing the first side surface portion; an inner reactor inserted into the outer reactor from the second side surface part, having a hollow columnar shape having a diameter such that an outer surface of the inner reactor is spaced apart from an inner surface of the outer reactor by a predetermined distance, and a distal end of a portion inserted into the outer reactor is spaced apart from the first side surface part by a predetermined distance; a plasma injection part connected to the first side surface part for injecting plasma in an axial direction of the external reactor; a gas injection part for injecting gas into a space between the external reactor and the internal reactor at a position adjacent to the second side surface part so that the injected gas is directed toward the first side surface part; and an exhaust port disposed at the second side surface portion, for exhausting the gas from the internal reactor, wherein the exhaust gas duct provided with the first plasma processing apparatus includes: a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe for injecting the exhaust gas into the first plasma processing apparatus; and a rear end exhaust gas transport pipe which reacts with the plasma inside the first plasma processing apparatus and transports the plasma processing gas subjected to the plasma processing to the rear end process portion, wherein an inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the outlet of the gasification portion or the rear end process portion in a fluid-dredging manner, an outlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the gas injection portion in a fluid-dredging manner, an inlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the discharge port in a fluid-dredging manner, and an outlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the inlet of the rear end process portion in a fluid-dredging manner.

The above-mentioned thermal chemical conversion process of waste or biomass is an incineration and gasification process, and includes, for example, a feeder, a rotary kiln, pyrolysis, dry incineration and gasification process, and these processes of the present invention may be processes for treating combustible waste (for example, domestic waste, waste paper, wood waste, landfill waste, etc.) and organic waste (for example, food, waste water sludge, landfill gas, animal manure, etc.).

In this case, the refractory material contains tar, and the gas injection portion is provided at least one and is provided in a tangential direction of the external reactor.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass may further include a catalytic reactor disposed at a rear end of the first plasma device, and catalytically reacting with the exhaust gas discharged from the first plasma device.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass may further include a second plasma device provided in an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to a rear end of a rear end process unit for treating the plasma treatment gas among the plurality of rear end process units. The second plasma device is one of a corona discharge device or a dielectric barrier discharge device.

As an embodiment, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass further includes: a gas decomposition reactor provided in at least one of the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes, the gas decomposition reactor including a gas accommodation space for accommodating the exhaust gas or the plasma processing apparatus and a gas discharge port located at an upper portion of the gas accommodation space; and two or more third plasma devices connected to the gas decomposition reactor so as to inject the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the gas accommodating space together with plasma, wherein an exhaust gas transport pipe provided with the gas decomposition reactor includes: a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe for injecting the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the two or more third plasma devices and the gas accommodation space; and a rear end exhaust gas transport pipe for transporting the gas to be processed in the gas storage space to a rear end process part, wherein an inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to an outlet of the gasification part or the rear end process part in a fluid-dredging manner, an outlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is branched into three or more branches, the three or more branches are connected to the inside of the two or more third plasma devices and the gas storage space in a fluid-dredging manner, an inlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the gas discharge port in a fluid-dredging manner, and an outlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to an inlet of the rear end process part in a fluid-dredging manner.

The gas decomposition reactor may be formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and the two or more third plasma devices and the front end exhaust gas transport pipe may be branched into three or more outlets provided in a tangential direction of an inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor.

One or more of the two or more third plasma devices are located at an upper portion with respect to a horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor and are inclined at a predetermined angle θ 1 in a lower portion direction with respect to the horizontal center line, and one or more of the remaining third plasma devices are located at a lower portion with respect to the horizontal center line and are inclined at a predetermined angle θ 2 in an upper portion direction with respect to the horizontal center line.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass may further include a pressure control unit provided at a lower end portion of the gas decomposition reactor, for controlling a pressure inside the gas storage space to adjust a vortex formation of the exhaust gas or the plasma treatment gas injected into the gas storage space from the front end exhaust gas transport pipe and the two or more third plasma devices.

(III) advantageous effects

The waste or biomass treatment device has the following advantages: a plasma treatment device for increasing the reaction time of exhaust gas and plasma is provided in an exhaust gas transport pipe for transporting exhaust gas generated in a thermal chemical conversion process of waste or biomass, thereby effectively decomposing and removing refractory substances contained in the exhaust gas.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing a configuration of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2a is a drawing illustrating an example of incineration and treatment of waste, and fig. 2b is a drawing illustrating another example of gasification and treatment of biomass.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of the first plasma apparatus shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the connection structure of the gas injection part shown in fig. 3, viewed using a cross section of an external reactor.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram conceptually showing the structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the structure of the catalytic reactor shown in fig. 5 and a state where the first plasma device is connected to the catalytic reactor.

Fig. 7 is a block diagram conceptually showing the structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a second plasma apparatus for explaining a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a block diagram conceptually showing the structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10a and 10b are sectional views illustrating the structure of a reactor and an exhaust gas transfer pipe of an apparatus for treating wastes or biomass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the structure in which a third plasma apparatus is connected to the reactor.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention may be modified in various ways and may have various forms, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the present specification. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention. In describing the various figures, like reference numerals have been used for like elements. In the drawings, the size of a plurality of structures is shown enlarged from the actual size in order to increase the accuracy of the present invention. .

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various structural elements, but the structural elements should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used for the purpose of distinguishing one structural element from another. For example, a first structural element may be named as a second structural element, and similarly, a second structural element may be named as a first structural element without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The terminology used in the description presented herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, expressions in the singular include expressions in the plural. In this application, the terms "comprises" or "comprising" are used to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, actions, elements, components, or groups thereof, and should not be interpreted as excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, actions, elements, components, or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in the present specification including technical or scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It will be understood that the terms used in the specification, which have been defined previously, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

First embodiment

Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing the structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a gasification part 100, a plurality of rear end process parts 300 arranged in sequence after the gasification part 100, a plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, and a first plasma apparatus 200.

The gasification unit 100 gasifies one or more of waste and biomass through a thermochemical conversion process. Here, the thermochemical conversion includes Combustion (Combustion) and Gasification (Gasification). Accordingly, the gasification part 100 may include: an incinerator, an incineration facility for incinerating waste or biomass; and a gasifier (gasifier), a gasification facility for gasifying waste or biomass.

Fig. 2a is a drawing illustrating an example of incineration disposal of waste, fig. 2a is a drawing illustrating an example of gasification disposal of biomass, the forms of an incinerator and a gasifier are illustrated in fig. 2a and 2b, and the incinerator and gasifier illustrated in fig. 2a and 2b are obvious to those skilled in the art, and thus detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

Such a gasification part 100 discharges exhaust gas including refractory materials such as Tar (Tar) and impurities other than Tar components such as acid gas and sulfide through a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass. Such exhaust gas is treated and utilized in the plurality of rear end process portions 300.

The plurality of rear-end process portions 300 are sequentially disposed after the gasification portion 100, and perform respective processes of converting the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification portion 100 into renewable energy and using the renewable energy.

For example, in the case of incineration of waste as illustrated in fig. 2a, the plurality of post-process units 300 may include a waste heat boiler for generating heat and steam using high-temperature exhaust gas and used in a steam turbine generator or a heating air conditioner, a semi-dry reaction tower for removing acid gas (for example, Sox, HCl, HF) and other impurities contained in the exhaust gas, and a filter dust collector.

As another example, in the case of the gasification facility illustrated in fig. 2b, the plurality of backend process units 300 may include: an impurity removal device (Particle remover) for removing particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification section 100, a reactor (Particle remover) for Reforming (Reforming) the exhaust gas in order to increase the generation ratio of Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) in the exhaust gas, a sulfur removal device (subphur remover) for removing sulfides (e.g., H2S, COs, CS2) contained in the exhaust gas, an acid gas removal device (Carbon dioxide adsorbent) for removing acid gases (e.g., CO2, H2S, COs) contained in the exhaust gas, and a gas turbine (gas turbine) using synthesis gas.

In the illustrated gasification section 100 and the plurality of rear end process sections 300, a plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes for transferring the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification section 100 are formed between the rear end process section located after the gasification section 100 and each of the plurality of rear end process sections 300, and the plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes may be hollow pipes. On the other hand, among the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, the exhaust gas delivery pipe provided with the first plasma device 200 may include a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe 10 and a rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe 10'. The inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe 10 is fluidly connected to the outlet of the vaporizer 100 or one of the plurality of rear end process units 300, and the outlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe 10 is fluidly connected to a gas injector 240 of the first plasma apparatus 200, which will be described later. The inlet of the rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe 10 'is fluidly connected to an exhaust port 250, which will be described later, of the first plasma apparatus 200, and the outlet of the rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe 10' is fluidly connected to the inlet of the rear end process portion 300, which is one of the plurality of rear end process portions 300.

The first plasma apparatus 200 is provided in one or more exhaust gas transfer pipes among a plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes that transfer the exhaust gas discharged from the vaporizing unit 100 to the plurality of rear-end process units 300, and performs degradation-resistant processing of the material. As an example, tar can be decomposed. The first plasma device 200 is illustrated in detail in fig. 3. Referring to fig. 3, the first plasma apparatus 200 includes an outer reactor 210, an inner reactor 220, a plasma injection part 230, a gas injection part 240, and an exhaust port 250.

The external reactor 210 is a part forming the appearance of the reactor. The external reactor 210 has a cylindrical shape, and includes a first side surface 211 perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder and a second side surface 212 facing the first side surface 211. The first side surface portion 211 and the second side surface portion 212 may have a circular plate shape. For example, the first side surface portion 211 and the second side surface portion 212 may have a circular shape corresponding to the diameter of the cylinder or a circular shape larger than the diameter of the cylinder.

The inner reactor 220 has a cylindrical shape having a smaller diameter than the outer reactor 210. Such an inner reactor 220 is inserted into the inside of the outer reactor 210.

In this case, the inner reactor 220 is inserted into the outer reactor 210 through the second side surface part 212. For example, one end of the internal reactor 220 may be fixed to the inner surface of the second side surface 212, and the other end may extend from the second side surface 212 to the first side surface 211. In this case, the length of the inner reactor 220 is extended by a length shorter than the entire length of the outer reactor 210. For convenience of the following description, an end fixed to the second side surface portion 212 is referred to as a "fixed end 120 b", and an end extending toward the first side surface portion 211 is referred to as a "free end 220 b". As the length of the inner reactor 220 has a length shorter than that of the outer reactor 210, the free end 220b of the inner reactor 220 is spaced apart from the first side portion 211 of the outer reactor 210 by a prescribed distance. The separation distance of the free ends 220b can be adjusted by changing the length of the internal reactor 220.

As such, the first plasma apparatus 200 has a double pipe structure as the inner reactor 220 is positioned inside the outer reactor 210. In this case, as the diameter of the inner reactor 220 is smaller than that of the outer reactor 210, the outer face of the inner reactor 220 is spaced apart from the inner face of the outer reactor 210 by a prescribed distance, and thus a fluid-movable space portion is formed between the inner reactor 220 and the outer reactor 210. Also, since the inner reactor 220 is positioned inside the outer reactor 210, the inside of the inner reactor 220 forms another space portion inside the outer reactor 210. In this case, the space between the external reactor 210 and the internal reactor 220 may be a gas moving space 261 in which the exhaust gas is movable, and the space inside the internal reactor 220 may be a plasma reaction space 262 in which the plasma reacts with the exhaust gas because the plasma is injected. Here, the interior of the inner reactor 220 may be inserted with a refractory material (e.g., a quartz tube) as necessary as a space where the high-temperature plasma and the gas react with each other.

Here, the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 communicate with each other. That is, as described above, since the inner reactor 220 has a length shorter than that of the outer reactor 210, the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 interposed in the inner reactor 220 are opened toward the first side surface portion 211 as the free end 220b is spaced apart from the first side surface portion 211 by a predetermined distance, and thus the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 communicate with each other.

The exhaust gas and the plasma discharged from the gasification part 100 are injected into the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262. The exhaust gas is injected through the gas injection part 240, and plasma is injected through the plasma injection part 230.

The plasma injection part 230 is connected with the first side surface part 211 of the external reactor 210. In this case, the plasma injection part 230 is parallel to the axial direction of the outer reactor 210. Thereby, the plasma injection part 230 injects plasma in the axial direction of the outer reactor 210 and the inner reactor 220. In order to inject plasma, the plasma injecting part 230 may be connected with the plasma generating part. The plasma generating portion is a portion that generates plasma. For example, it may be a plasma torch. The plasma generated from the plasma generating part is injected into the interior of the internal reactor 220 along the axial direction of the internal reactor 220. The diameter of the plasma injecting part 230 is smaller than the diameters of the outer reactor 210 and the inner reactor 220. The plasma injected through the plasma injection part 230 may be easily injected into the inside of the internal reactor 220 by having a diameter smaller than that of the internal reactor 220. On the other hand, in the case of a plasma region close to the plasma injection part 230, the plasma is a high-temperature plasma region, and the plasma is a low-temperature plasma region as the distance from the plasma injection part 230 increases.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a connection structure of the gas injection part shown in fig. 3, as viewed using a cross section of an external reactor.

Referring to fig. 4, the gas injection part 240 is connected to the circumferential curved surface of the outer reactor 210 in a position close to the second side surface part 212 and is located at the opposite side of the plasma injection part 230. In this case, the gas injection part 240 is disposed in a tangential direction of the inner surface of the outer reactor 210. Thus, when the front end off-gas delivery pipe 10 is connected to the gas injection part 240, the gas injected into the interior of the external reactor 210 can be injected in a swirl (spiral) form through the connected front end off-gas delivery pipe 10 and the gas injection part 240. That is, the exhaust gas injected in the swirling flow pattern may be injected while being rotated along the inner surface of the outer reactor 210. The gas injection part 240 may be provided in one or more number

On the other hand, the exhaust gas injected into the outside reactor 210 through the gas injection part 240 is plasma-treated while passing through the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262, and is discharged to the outside of the reactor.

The exhaust port 250 is an opening for exhausting the plasma processing gas injected into the inside of the external reactor 210. Such a discharge port 250 may be formed at the end of the second side 212 side of the inner reactor 220, i.e., the fixed end (220a), in order to easily discharge the plasma processing gas, which is plasma-processed while passing through the plasma reaction space 262.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the exhaust gas injected into the gas moving space 261 has a structure capable of being rapidly mixed with a high-temperature plasma region having high reaction efficiency of the exhaust gas in the plasma injected into the plasma reaction space 262. For this, the plasma reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention is designed with the gas guide 270 inside the external reactor 210.

The gas guide 270 is located in front of the advancing direction of the discharged gas moving in the gas moving space 261. In this case, the gas guide 270 has a truncated conical inner space. The truncated cone shape sets a central part face (a) among the inner faces of the first side face portion 211 as an upper face and a cross section (b) of the outer reactor 210 as a lower face. Therefore, the gas guide 270 is diffused from the inside of the external reactor 210 to the plasma injection part 230 at a predetermined angle.

Such a gas guide 270 may be designed in various forms. For example, it may be formed by fixedly providing a forming member having a truncated conical inner space inside the external reactor 210.

As described above, since the reaction gas guide 270 is located before the advancing direction of the exhaust gas moving through the gas moving space 261 and is in a form of being diffused from the inside of the external reactor 210 to the plasma injection part 230, the exhaust gas is rapidly guided to the plasma injection part 230 when the exhaust gas advancing from the gas moving space 261 to the plasma injection part 230 approaches the plasma injection part 230.

On the other hand, in the case where such a gas guide 270 is provided, the length of the inserted portion of the internal reactor 220 may be the length of the conical internal space of the reaction gas guide 270 in which the free end 220b of the internal reactor 220 is located.

A process of treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

First, the waste or biomass is charged into the gasification part 100, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the gasification part 100.

The exhaust gas is delivered to the plurality of rear process portions 300 through the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, and in the process, the exhaust gas flows into the first plasma device 200, which is disposed on the exhaust gas delivery pipe, in any one of the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes.

In the first plasma apparatus 200, the plasma is injected along the axial direction of the internal reactor 220 by the plasma injection part 230, and the plasma is injected into the plasma reaction space 262, which is the inside of the internal reactor 220.

The exhaust gas flowing into the first plasma apparatus 200 is injected into the gas moving space 261 through the distal end exhaust gas transport pipe 10 and the gas injection unit 240. In this case, the gas injection part 240 is provided in a tangential direction of the inner surface of the external reactor 220, and thus is injected in a swirling flow pattern.

The exhaust gas injected in the swirling flow mode advances toward the plasma injection part 230 while rotating along the inner surface of the external reactor 210 in the gas moving space 261.

When the advancing exhaust gas reaches a position close to the plasma injection part 230, the exhaust gas rapidly moves toward the plasma injection part 230 through the gas guide 270, thereby being rapidly mixed in the plasma injected through the plasma injection part 230. In this case, the gas guide 270 is diffused in a form of being gradually narrowed from the inner surface of the outer reactor 210 toward the plasma injection part 230, and thus the exhaust gas can be rapidly mixed in the high-temperature plasma region near the plasma injection part 230.

Since the exhaust gas mixed with the plasma is injected into the plasma reaction space 262, the exhaust gas moves into the space 262 while reacting with the plasma.

In the plasma reaction space 262, the exhaust gas continues to react with the plasma and proceeds toward the exhaust port 250 along the axial direction of the inner reactor 220. In this process, the plasma is generated for the second time while reacting with the exhaust gas in the plasma reaction space 262, whereby the exhaust gas is decomposed. That is, tar, which is a hardly degradable substance contained in the exhaust gas, is removed. The plasma processing gas after the plasma processing is discharged to the outside of the reactor through the discharge port 250.

In the plasma treatment of the exhaust gas, the residence time of the exhaust gas injected into the first plasma device 200 in the form of a cyclone flow into the external reactor 210 is increased, and the treatment flow rate of the exhaust gas and the decomposition of tar, which is a refractory substance contained in the exhaust gas, are effectively realized as the exhaust gas is rapidly mixed in the high-temperature plasma region.

In this manner, the exhaust gas (plasma processing gas) from which tar is removed by the first plasma apparatus 200 passes through the plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes located after the first plasma apparatus 200, moves to the plurality of rear end process units 300, and is processed and used in each process of the plurality of rear end process units 300. For example, the tar-removed exhaust gas is used as an energy source for operating a boiler or a turbine by passing the tar-removed exhaust gas through each of the plurality of post-process units 300 to remove acid gases and sulfides.

Second embodiment

Fig. 5 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6 illustrates the structure of the catalytic reactor illustrated in fig. 5 and a state in which a first plasma device is connected to the catalytic reactor.

Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification unit 1100, a plurality of rear end process units 1300, a plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, a first plasma device 1200, and a catalytic reactor 1400.

The gasification unit 1100, the plurality of rear end process units 1300, the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 1200 are the same as the gasification unit 100, the plurality of rear end process units 300, the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 200 of the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to fig. 1, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

The catalytic reactor 1400 catalytically reacts the exhaust gas decomposed from the refractory material discharged from the first plasma device 1200 connected to the rear end of the first plasma device 1200. Catalytic reactor 1400 includes reaction tubes 1410 and catalyst 1420.

The reaction tube 1410 may be directly connected to the first plasma apparatus 200 or fluidly connected to the first plasma apparatus 200 through the rear exhaust gas delivery tube 10' connected to the exhaust port (1210) of the first plasma apparatus 1200

The catalyst 1420 is disposed inside the reaction tube 1410, and reacts with the exhaust gas flowing into the reaction tube 1410 to decompose refractory substances that may remain in the exhaust gas. For example, the catalyst 1420 may be one or more of activated alumina (activated alumina), titania (titania), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co)

In the catalytic reactor 1400, a plasma injection unit 1411 for supplying electromagnetic wave plasma is connected to the reactor 1410 in order to supply energy for activating the catalyst 1420. The plasma injection part 1411 may be connected with an electromagnetic wave plasma torch. The electromagnetic wave plasma injected into the catalytic reactor 1400 not only activates the catalyst 1420 but also reacts with the exhaust gas injected into the reactor 1410 to decompose the refractory substances together with the catalyst 1420.

In such a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification part 100 passes through the first plasma apparatus 200, and then passes through the catalytic reactor 1400 while decomposing the refractory contained in the exhaust gas, so that the refractory contained in the exhaust gas generated from the pyrolysis of the waste or biomass can be decomposed more efficiently.

Third embodiment

Fig. 7 is a block diagram conceptually showing a structure of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a sectional view of a second plasma apparatus for explaining the waste or biomass processing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 7, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification part 2100, a plurality of rear end process parts 2300, a plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, a first plasma device 2200, a catalytic reactor 2400, and a second plasma device 2500.

The gasification section 2100, the plurality of rear end process sections 2300, the plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 2200 are the same as the gasification section 100, the plurality of rear end process sections 300, the plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 200 of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to fig. 1, and the catalytic reactor 2400 is the same as the catalytic reactor 400 of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention described with reference to fig. 5 and 6, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The second plasma device 2500 may be disposed on an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to a front end or a rear end of a rear process portion for treating the particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas among the plurality of rear process portions. For example, the second plasma device 2500 may be provided on an exhaust gas delivery pipe connected to a rear end of a rear end process section for removing impurities contained in the exhaust gas among the plurality of rear end process sections 2300.

The second plasma device 2500 may collect particulate impurities remaining in the exhaust gas on an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to a rear end of the rear process part for removing the impurities. The second plasma device 2500 may be a corona discharge device or a dielectric barrier discharge device, for example, as shown in fig. 8, the second plasma device 2500 may be implemented as a corona discharge device including a cylindrical outer electrode 2510 and a rod-shaped inner electrode 2520 penetrating the center inside the outer electrode 2510. In this case, the second plasma device 2500 is provided on the exhaust gas transport pipe so that the axial directions of the external electrode 2510 and the internal electrode 2520 are parallel to the direction in which the exhaust gas moves, and in this state, the exhaust gas flows toward the inside of the external electrode 2510, and generates corona discharge to electrify the particulate impurities remaining in the exhaust gas, so that the charged particles are separated from the gas by electric power in the electromagnetic field, that is, the particles are collected by electric power. In this case, since the space between the corona external electrode 2510 and the internal electrode 2520 is filled with particles and electrons, particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas adhere to the inner surface of the cylinder of the external electrode 2510 and can be collected.

Such an apparatus for treating wastes or biomass according to the third embodiment of the present invention can effectively decompose refractory substances contained in exhaust gas by the first plasma apparatus 2200 and the catalytic reactor 2400, and collect and remove particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas by the second plasma apparatus 2500, thereby producing a good-quality alternative energy source, i.e., a good-quality synthetic gas from which the refractory substances and other impurities of the exhaust gas are removed.

Fourth embodiment

Fig. 9 is a block diagram conceptually showing a structure of a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10a and 10b are a plurality of sectional views for explaining a structure of a reactor and an exhaust gas delivery pipe of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and a structure in which a third plasma apparatus is connected to the reactor.

Referring to fig. 9, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification part 3100, a plurality of rear end process parts 3300, a plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, a gas decomposition reactor 3400, a first plasma device 3200 provided on any one of the plurality of exhaust gas transfer pipes, a third plasma device 3200' connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and a pressure control part 3500.

The gasification section 3100, the plurality of rear end process sections 3300, and the first plasma device 3200 provided on the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes and the exhaust gas transport pipe are the same as the gasification section 100, the plurality of rear end process sections 300, the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes, and the first plasma device 200 of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to fig. 1, and thus detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

Fig. 10a and 10b are sectional views illustrating the structure of a reactor and an exhaust gas transfer pipe of an apparatus for treating wastes or biomass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the structure in which a third plasma apparatus is connected to the reactor. In the following description reference is made to fig. 10a and 10b, unless otherwise stated.

The gas decomposition reactor 3400 may be disposed on the exhaust gas delivery pipe provided with the exhaust gas delivery pipe or not provided with the first plasma device 3200. For example, the gas decomposition reactor 3400 may be provided on any one of the exhaust gas delivery pipes provided with the first plasma device 3200.

Also, the gas decomposition reactor 3400 may include a gas housing space 3410 and an exhaust gas discharge port 3420. The gas housing space 3410 is a portion for housing the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas discharge port 3420 is a portion for discharging the exhaust gas purified from the gas housing space 3410. For example, the gas decomposition reactor 3400 may have a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical shape may have a shape in which the upper side and the lower side are relatively narrower than the central portion, that is, a pot shape in which the inner diameter is gradually narrowed from the central portion toward the upper side and the lower side.

The gas decomposition reactor 3400 may be made of a refractory material or a heat insulating material so as to be able to maintain the temperature of the plasma injected into the gas storage space 3410 and the loss due to the high temperature caused by the plasma.

The third plasma apparatus 3200' is connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and injects the exhaust gas into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. The third plasma device 3200 'includes an outer reactor 3210', an inner reactor 3220 ', a plasma injecting part 3230', a gas injecting part 3240 ', and an exhaust port 3250'. Since this third plasma apparatus 3200 ' has the same structure as the first plasma apparatus 200 of the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the first embodiment of the present invention except that it is connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400, a detailed description of the third plasma apparatus 3200 ' will be omitted, and a structure in which the third plasma apparatus 3200 ' is connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400 will be described below.

In the third plasma apparatus 3200 ', the exhaust port 3250' penetrates the outer surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and is connected to the gas decomposition reactor in a fluid-permeable manner. For this, the inner reactor 3220 'may have a length that the exhaust port 3250' protrudes to the outside of the outer gas decomposition reactor 3400. The third plasma apparatus 3200' is connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400 in a number of two or more in such a manner that the fluid can be dredged. Some of the two or more third plasma devices 3200' are positioned at an upper portion with respect to the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and inclined at a predetermined angle θ 1 in a downward direction with respect to the horizontal center line L, and the rest are positioned at a lower portion with respect to the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and inclined at a predetermined angle θ 2 in an upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line L. In this case, two or more third plasma devices 3200' are disposed in a tangential direction of an inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. Such a third plasma device 3200' supplies plasma so that plasma can be injected into the gas storage space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400.

On the other hand, among the plurality of exhaust gas delivery pipes, the exhaust gas delivery pipe provided with the gas decomposition reactor 3400 may include a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe and a rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe.

The inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe may be fluidly connected to the outlet of the vaporizing section 3100 or any one of the plurality of rear end process sections 3300, and the outlet 10a of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe may be branched into three or more branches and fluidly connected to the gas injection sections 3240 'of the two or more third plasma devices 3200'. In this case, at least one outlet 10a of the three or more outlets of the front end discharge gas transfer pipe is connected to the gas injection portion 3240 ' of the third plasma device 3200 ' positioned at the upper portion with reference to the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and the other one or more outlets 10a ' are connected to the gas injection portion 3240 ' of the third plasma device 3200 ' positioned at the lower portion with reference to the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. The remaining outlets 10a "are fluidly connected to the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. In this case, the outlet 10a ″ of the front-end discharge gas delivery pipe connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400 is disposed at the inner face of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 in a tangential direction.

The inlet 10b of the rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe is fluidly connected to the gas discharge port 3420 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and the outlet of the rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe is fluidly connected to the inlet of any one of the rear end process units 3300 among the plurality of rear end process units 3300.

The pressure controller 3500 is provided at the lower end of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and controls the pressure inside the gas storage space 3410 to adjust the vortex formation of the exhaust gas discharged from the two or more third plasma devices 3200'.

Hereinafter, a process of purifying the exhaust gas will be described by using the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and the two or more third plasma devices 3200' of the apparatus for treating exhaust gas and biomass according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The exhaust gas is injected into the gas storage space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 through one or more outlets 10a ″ of the

branched outlets

10a, 10a ', 10a ″ of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and is injected into the third plasma device 3200' through two or

more outlets

10a, 10a 'of the branched outlets of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe connected to the gas injection portions 3240' of the two or more third plasma devices 3200 ', and then is injected 3410 into the gas storage space of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 through the third plasma device 3200'. In this case, the exhaust gas injected into the third plasma device 3200 ' is plasma-treated, i.e., decomposed, for the first time in the third plasma device 3200 ', and then is exhausted through the exhaust port 3250 ' and injected into the gas accommodating space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. Here, a process in which the exhaust gas injected into the inside of the third plasma device 3200 'is plasma-treated in the inside of the third plasma device 3200' is the same as a process in which the first plasma device 200 of the apparatus for treating exhaust gas and biomass according to the first embodiment of the present invention performs plasma treatment on the exhaust gas, and thus detailed description is omitted.

Since the outlets 10a ″ of the plurality of front end exhaust gas delivery pipes connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and the plurality of third plasma devices 3200' are provided in a tangential direction on the inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, the exhaust gas injected into the gas accommodation space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 forms a vortex. Further, the third plasma device 3200 'connected to the upper portion of the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 is inclined by a predetermined angle θ 1 in the downward direction with respect to the horizontal center line L, so that the exhaust gas injected into the gas housing space 3410 through the exhaust port 3250' of the third plasma device 3200 'is formed into a vortex flow while being directed downward, and the third plasma device 3200' connected to the lower portion of the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 is inclined by a predetermined angle θ 2 in the upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line L, so that the exhaust gas injected into the gas housing space 3410 through the exhaust port 3250 'of the third plasma device 3200' is formed into a vortex flow while being directed upward.

As such, in the process of supplying the exhaust gas to the gas housing space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, as the upward vortex and the downward vortex are mixed with each other, the discharge of the exhaust gas is delayed, and during the delay time, the exhaust gas forming the vortex reacts with the plasma supplied through the plurality of third plasma devices 3200' in the gas housing space 3410, and thus the refractory material is decomposed for the second time. Therefore, in the gas housing space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, the time for the plasma to react with the exhaust gas is increased, and thus the refractory substances contained in the exhaust gas can be efficiently decomposed.

When such a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is used, the exhaust gas undergoes several reactions with the plasma, and thus the refractory substances in the exhaust gas can be more effectively decomposed.

The description of the various embodiments presented is intended to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for treating waste or biomass by decomposing and treating refractory substances contained in exhaust gas generated in a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass, comprising:

a gasification unit configured to gasify the waste or biomass by thermochemical conversion;

a plurality of rear end process units, which are disposed in sequence behind the gasification unit, and convert the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit into renewable energy or use the renewable energy;

a plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes for transporting the gas between the gasification part and the rear end process part or for transporting the gas between the rear end process parts; and

a first plasma processing apparatus which is provided in at least one exhaust gas transport pipe among the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes and decomposes, by plasma, a hardly degradable substance in the gas transported through the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes,

wherein the first plasma processing apparatus is in a double pipe form including an external reactor and an internal reactor, the gas supplied from the inside of the plurality of exhaust gas supply pipes flows between the external reactor and the internal reactor, and the gas supplied after the gas supply flows in is decomposed and discharged by plasma while moving in a direction opposite to a forward direction,

wherein the first plasma processing apparatus comprises:

an external reactor having a hollow columnar shape and including a first side surface portion perpendicular to an axial direction of the columnar shape and a second side surface portion facing the first side surface portion;

an inner reactor inserted into the outer reactor from the second side surface part, having a hollow columnar shape having a diameter such that an outer surface of the inner reactor and an inner surface of the outer reactor can be spaced apart by a predetermined distance, and a distal end of a portion inserted into the outer reactor being spaced apart from the first side surface part by a predetermined distance;

a plasma injection part connected to the first side surface part for injecting plasma in an axial direction of the external reactor;

a gas injection part for injecting gas into a space between the external reactor and the internal reactor at a position adjacent to the second side surface part so that the injected gas is directed toward the first side surface part; and

a discharge port disposed at the second side surface portion for discharging the gas from the internal reactor,

the exhaust gas duct provided with the first plasma processing apparatus includes:

a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe for injecting the exhaust gas into the first plasma processing apparatus; and

a rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe for reacting with the plasma in the first plasma processing device and delivering the plasma processing gas processed by the plasma to the rear end process part,

an inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to an outlet of the vaporizing section or the rear end process section in a fluid-dredging manner, an outlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the gas injecting section in a fluid-dredging manner,

an inlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to the discharge port in a fluid-dredging manner, an outlet of the rear end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to an inlet of the rear end process portion in a fluid-dredging manner,

wherein a gas guide portion for guiding an exhaust gas to the plasma injection portion is provided inside the external reactor.

2. The apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to claim 1,

the gas injection part is provided with more than one gas injection part,

the gas injection part is provided at least one in a tangential direction of the external reactor.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second plasma device provided in an exhaust gas transport pipe connected to a rear end of a rear process unit for processing the plasma processing gas among the plurality of rear process units.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second plasma device is one of a corona discharge device and a dielectric barrier discharge device.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a catalytic reactor disposed at a rear end of the first plasma device for catalytically reacting with the plasma treatment gas.

6. The apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to claim 1, wherein said refractory substance contains tar.

7. The apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to claim 1,

the above waste or biomass treatment apparatus further comprises:

a gas decomposition reactor provided in at least one of the plurality of exhaust gas transport pipes, the gas decomposition reactor including a gas accommodation space for accommodating the exhaust gas or the plasma processing apparatus and a gas discharge port located at an upper portion of the gas accommodation space; and

two or more third plasma devices connected to the gas decomposition reactor so as to inject the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the gas accommodation space together with plasma,

the exhaust gas transport pipe provided with the above gas decomposition reactor includes:

a front end exhaust gas delivery pipe for injecting the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the two or more third plasma devices and the gas accommodation space; and

a rear end exhaust gas delivery pipe for delivering the gas to be treated in the gas accommodating space to the rear end process part,

an inlet of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe is connected to an outlet of the vaporizing section or the rear end processing section so as to be capable of being dredged by a fluid, and outlets of the front end exhaust gas transport pipe are branched into three or more branches and connected to the inside of the two or more third plasma devices and the gas accommodating space so as to be capable of being dredged by a fluid,

an inlet of the rear end exhaust gas duct is fluidly connected to the gas discharge port, and an outlet of the rear end exhaust gas duct is fluidly connected to an inlet of the rear end process portion.

8. The apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to claim 7, wherein the gas decomposition reactor has a hollow columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, or a tank shape, and the three or more third plasma devices and the three or more branched outlets of the front end discharge gas transport pipe are provided in a tangential direction of an inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein one or more of the two or more third plasma devices are located at an upper portion with respect to a horizontal center line (L) of the gas decomposition reactor and are inclined at a predetermined angle (θ 1) in a lower direction with respect to the horizontal center line, and one or more of the remaining third plasma devices are located at a lower portion with respect to the horizontal center line and are inclined at a predetermined angle (θ 2) in an upper direction with respect to the horizontal center line.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a pressure control unit provided at a lower end portion of the gas decomposition reactor, for controlling a pressure inside the gas storage space to adjust a vortex formation of the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas injected into the gas storage space from the front end exhaust gas transport pipe and the two or more third plasma devices.