WO2016200143A1

WO2016200143A1 - Plasma processing device for incineration and gasification process exhaust gas

Info

Publication number: WO2016200143A1
Application number: PCT/KR2016/006060
Authority: WO
Inventors: 홍용철; 조성윤
Original assignee: 한국기초과학지원연구원
Priority date: 2015-06-08
Filing date: 2016-06-08
Publication date: 2016-12-15
Also published as: CN107743415B; CN107743415A; KR20160144074A; PH12017502245A1; MY194872A; KR101804013B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for breaking down and thereby processing a persistent substance comprised in exhaust gas generated from a thermochemical conversion processes of waste matter or biomass, wherein the device is a waste-matter or biomass processing device comprising: a gasification unit; various later-stage process units for converting into renewable energy or using renewable energy; exhaust gas conveying tubes; and a first plasma processing device.

Description

Plasma Treatment Equipment for Incineration and Gasification Process Flue Gas

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste or biomass, and more particularly, to treating waste or biomass capable of decomposing and removing hardly decomposable substances contained in exhaust gases generated after thermochemical conversion of waste or biomass. Relates to a device.

As the population grows and the industrialization accelerates, energy resources are gradually being depleted, and a large amount of garbage, sewage sludge, manure and food waste are generated due to various production and consumption activities, causing serious environmental pollution.

In order to solve the problem of depletion of energy resources and environmental pollution, waste disposal methods, which previously depended on landfilling, dumping at sea, and simple incineration, have recently been recycled due to the difficulty of securing landfill and strengthening regulations to prevent environmental pollution. It is changing the way to recover the energy generated by waste incineration.

In addition, with the recycling of waste, there is increasing interest in the use of biomass as renewable energy. Biomass is a biodegradable organic substance derived from animals, plants and microorganisms, in other words referred to as biomass or biomass. The biomass category includes wood, woody biomass, herbaceous plants (energy crops), crops and agricultural by-products, livestock manure, food waste, municipal waste and industrial waste, including carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, It includes all organic substance which consists of nitrogen etc. In order to utilize the biomass, a technology for producing syngas from biomass through a thermochemical conversion process has been developed. Here, there are methods for incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification of biomass for thermochemical conversion of biomass, and in general, gasification is widely used.

However, there are difficulties to be solved in recycling waste and utilizing biomass.

In other words, in the case of waste, the method of incineration of domestic waste directly has the advantage that the process is very simple because all the incineration processes are completed inside the incinerator, but it is possible to directly inject the juicy flame retardant household waste into the incinerator without being pretreated. In this case, the combustion temperature is lowered, so there is a high possibility of generating relatively high pollutants such as dioxin in the incomplete combustion and exhaust gas, and the method of incineration of domestic waste which undergoes pyrolysis process is pyrolysis and incineration process at a higher temperature than direct incineration. This is because the progress is relatively reduced in the generation of dioxin, while the system is complicated, the initial investment is required a lot, and also has a disadvantage of high operating costs.

In the case of biomass, the exhaust gas emitted from the process of gasifying biomass contains hardly decomposable substances such as tar and impurities, and thus a purification process for purifying them is required.

In order to remove hardly decomposable substances and pollutants in the exhaust gas generated during thermochemical conversion of waste or biomass, a method of decomposing hardly decomposable substances by contacting and reacting the exhaust gases with a catalyst such as a mineral catalyst and a synthetic catalyst is generally Although it is used, a hardly decomposable substance is deposited on the surface of the catalyst, which causes a problem that the catalyst easily loses activity.

Therefore, there is a difficulty in producing a synthetic gas in which the hardly decomposable substance and the pollutant are completely purified, that is, the synthetic gas in which the hardly decomposable and the pollutant are completely purified, and thus there is a difficulty in producing energy using waste or biomass.

Accordingly, the present inventors, in order to solve such a conventional problem, a plasma processing apparatus in which the reaction time of the exhaust gas and the plasma is increased on the exhaust gas transfer pipe for moving the exhaust gas generated in the thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass. In order to effectively disassemble and remove the hardly decomposable substances contained in the exhaust gas, it has been developed a waste or biomass treatment apparatus.

The present invention is an apparatus for decomposing and treating a hardly decomposable substance contained in exhaust gas generated from a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass, the apparatus comprising: a gasification unit for thermally converting the waste or biomass by gasification; A plurality of rear end process units disposed sequentially after the gasification unit and configured to convert the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit into renewable energy or to use the renewable energy; Exhaust gas transfer pipes for transferring gas between the gasification unit and the rear end process unit or gas between the various rear end process units; And a first plasma processing apparatus installed on at least one of the exhaust gas transport tubes and decomposing the hardly decomposable substance in the gas transported in the exhaust gas transport pipes through the plasma. Provide an apparatus for treating waste or biomass.

The first plasma processing apparatus is in the form of a double tube including an external reactor and an internal reactor, the gas transported in the exhaust gas transfer pipes is introduced between the external reactor and the internal reactor, the introduced gas proceeds immediately after the inflow The hardly decomposable substance may be decomposed and discharged by plasma while advancing in the reverse direction.

The first plasma processing apparatus includes: an external reactor having a hollow columnar shape and including a first side portion perpendicular to the columnar axial direction and a second side portion opposing the first side portion; An inner reactor inserted into the outer reactor at the second side portion, the outer surface of the inner reactor being a hollow columnar shape having a diameter that can be spaced apart from the inner surface of the outer reactor by a distance, and inserted into the outer reactor An end of the divided portion is an internal reactor spaced a predetermined distance from the first side portion; A plasma injection unit connected to the first side portion to inject plasma in an axial direction of the external reactor; A gas injector configured to inject gas into a space between the outer reactor and the inner reactor at a position adjacent the second side part, such that the injected gas is directed to the first side part; And a discharge port disposed in the second side surface part to discharge the gas from the internal reactor, wherein the exhaust gas transfer pipe provided with the first plasma processing apparatus includes a shear exhaust gas for injecting the exhaust gas into the first plasma processing apparatus. And a rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe which reacts with the plasma in the first pipe processing apparatus and delivers the plasma-treated plasma processing gas to the rear end process unit, wherein the inlet of the front end exhaust gas transfer tube is the gasification unit or the rear end process unit. It is connected in fluid communication with the outlet and the outlet of the front exhaust gas pipe is in fluid communication with the gas inlet, the inlet of the rear exhaust gas pipe is in fluid communication with the outlet and the rear exhaust gas pipe The outlet of the fluid is the inlet of the rear end Barrel can be connected is possible.

The thermochemical conversion process of the waste or biomass is an incineration and gasification process, for example a stoka, rotary kiln, pyrolysis, dry distillation incineration and gasification process, and this process of the present invention is a combustible waste (eg, Pay-as-you-go household waste, waste paper, waste wood, landfill waste, etc.) and organic waste (eg, food, sewage sludge, landfill gas, livestock manure, etc.).

Here, the hardly decomposable substance includes tar, at least one gas injector is installed, and the at least one gas injector is installed in a tangential direction of the external reactor.

In one embodiment, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus may further include a catalytic reactor installed at a rear end of the first plasma apparatus and catalytically reacting with the exhaust gas discharged from the first plasma apparatus.

In one embodiment, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus may further include a second plasma apparatus installed on an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to a rear stage of the rear stage processing unit for processing the plasma processing gas among the rear stage processing units. . The second plasma apparatus may be any one of a corona discharge apparatus and a dielectric barrier discharge apparatus.

In one embodiment, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus is installed on at least one of the exhaust gas transfer pipes, the gas receiving space and the gas receiving space for receiving the exhaust gas or the plasma processing device. A gas cracking reactor comprising a gas outlet located at an upper portion of the gas cracking reactor; And at least two third plasma apparatuses connected to the gas cracking reactor to inject the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the gas receiving space together with the plasma, wherein the exhaust gas conveying pipe in which the gas cracking reactor is installed is exhausted. And a front end exhaust gas transfer pipe for injecting the gas or the plasma processing gas into the at least two third plasma apparatuses and the gas accommodation space, and a rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe for transferring the gas processed in the gas accommodation space to a rear end process unit. And an inlet of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe is connected in fluid communication with an outlet of the gasification unit or the rear end process unit, and the outlet of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe is branched into three or more branches of the two or more third plasma apparatuses; Is in fluid communication with the gas receiving space, The inlet of the rear exhaust gas transfer pipe may be connected in fluid communication with the gas outlet, and the outlet of the rear exhaust gas transfer pipe may be connected in fluid communication with the inlet of the rear end process unit.

The gas cracking reactor may have a hollow cylindrical shape, and the outlets branched into three or more of the two or more third plasma apparatuses and the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe may be installed in a tangential direction of the inner surface of the gas cracking reactor.

One or more third plasma apparatuses of the two or more third plasma apparatuses are positioned above the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor and are inclined at a predetermined angle θ1 in the downward direction with respect to the horizontal center line. One or more third plasma apparatuses of the remaining third plasma apparatuses may be disposed below the horizontal center line and inclined at a predetermined angle θ2 in an upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line. .

In one embodiment, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus, by controlling the pressure inside the gas receiving space, the exhaust gas injected into the gas receiving space from the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe and the two or more third plasma apparatus. Or a pressure control unit installed at the lower end of the gas cracking reactor to control the vortex formation of the plasma processing gas.

According to the waste or biomass processing apparatus according to the present invention, a plasma processing apparatus having an increased reaction time of exhaust gas and plasma is installed on an exhaust gas transfer pipe for moving the exhaust gas generated in the thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass. Therefore, there is an advantage that can be effectively decomposed to remove the hardly decomposable substances contained in the exhaust gas.

1 is a block diagram conceptually showing a configuration of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example for incineration and treatment of waste, and FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating another example for gasification and treatment of biomass.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of the first plasma apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the gas injection unit illustrated in FIG.

5 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration of the catalytic reactor shown in FIG. 5 and a state in which the first plasma apparatus and the catalytic reactor are connected.

7 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view for describing a second plasma apparatus of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

10A and 10B are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure of a reactor of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass, an exhaust gas transfer pipe, and a structure in which a third plasma apparatus is connected to a reactor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As the inventive concept allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, particular embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific disclosed form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. In describing the drawings, similar reference numerals are used for similar elements. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are shown in an enlarged scale than actual for clarity of the invention.

Terms such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, the terms "comprise" or "have" are intended to indicate that there is a feature, number, step, action, component, part, or combination thereof described on the specification, and one or more other features. It is to be understood that the present invention does not exclude the possibility of the presence or the addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms such as those defined in the commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art and shall not be construed in ideal or excessively formal meanings unless expressly defined in this application. Do not.

First embodiment

Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification unit 100 and various rear end process units 300 sequentially disposed after the gasification unit 100 and exhaust. Gas transfer tubes and the first plasma apparatus 200.

The gasifier 100 gasifies any one or more of waste or biomass by a thermochemical conversion process. Here, thermochemical conversion includes combustion and gasification. Accordingly, the gasification unit 100 may include an incinerator of an incineration plant that incinerates waste or biomass, and a gasifier of a gasifier that vaporizes and processes the waste or biomass.

FIG. 2A is a view illustrating an example for incineration and treatment of waste, and FIG. 2A is a view illustrating an example for gasification and treatment of biomass, and incinerators and gasifiers are illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. 2A and 2B, the incinerator and gasifiers are well known to those skilled in the art, and thus detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

The gasification unit 100 discharges the exhaust gas through a thermochemical conversion process of waste or biomass, and the exhaust gas is an impurity of a hardly decomposable substance, for example, tar and non-tar components, for example, Impurities such as acid gases and sulfur compounds. Such exhaust gas is treated and used in the post-processing units 300.

The rear end process units 300 are sequentially disposed after the gasification unit 100, and perform respective processes for converting the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit 100 into renewable energy and using the renewable energy.

For example, in the case of treating the waste illustrated in FIG. 2A by incineration, the rear end process units 300 may generate heat and steam by using high-temperature exhaust gas to generate heat and steam for use in a steam turbine generator or an air-conditioning facility. Semi-drying reaction towers and bag filters for removing acid gases (eg, SO _x , HCl, HF) and other impurities contained in the exhaust gas may be included.

As another example, in the case of the gasification facility illustrated in FIG. 2B, the rear end process units 300 may include a particle remover and an exhaust gas to remove impurities in the form of particles contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit 100. Reactor (Particle remover) reforming the exhaust gas to increase the production rate of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) in the gas, sulfur compounds contained in the exhaust gas (for example, H ₂ S, COS, CS ₂ ) Sulfur removal to remove the acid, carbon dioxide absorber to remove the acid gas (for example, CO ₂ , H ₂ S, COS) contained in the exhaust gas and synthetic gas The gas turbine may be used.

The exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit 100 is moved between the rear end process unit located immediately after the gasification unit 100 among the illustrated gasification unit 100 and the rear end process units 300, and the respective rear end process units 300. Exhaust gas transfer tubes are formed, and the exhaust gas transfer tubes may be formed of hollow pipes. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas transport pipe in which the first plasma apparatus 200 is installed among the exhaust gas transport pipes may include a front exhaust gas transport pipe 10 and a rear end exhaust gas transport pipe 10 ′. The inlet of the front exhaust gas transfer pipe 10 is connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the rear end processing unit 300 of any one of the gasification unit 100 or the rear end processing units 300, The outlet may be connected in fluid communication with the gas injection unit 240, which will be described later, of the first plasma apparatus 200. The inlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe 10 ′ may be connected in fluid communication with a discharge port 250 described later of the first plasma apparatus 200, and the outlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe 10 ′ may be connected to the rear end process units 300. It may be connected in fluid communication with the inlet of any one of the rear end of step (300).

The first plasma apparatus 200 is installed on one or more of the exhaust gas transport pipes for transporting the exhaust gas discharged from the gasifier 100 to the respective rear end processing units 300 to decompose the hardly decomposable substance. . For example, tar may be decomposed. The first plasma apparatus 200 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 3, the first plasma apparatus 200 includes an external reactor 210, an internal reactor 220, a plasma injection unit 230, a gas injection unit 240, and a discharge port 250.

The outer reactor 210 is the part that forms the outer appearance of the reactor. The outer reactor 210 is cylindrical and includes a first side portion 211 perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder and a second side portion 212 opposite the first side portion 211. The first side portion 211 and the second side portion 212 may be in the form of a circular plate. For example, the first side portion 211 and the second side portion 212 may have a circular shape corresponding to the diameter of the cylinder, or may have a circular shape larger than the diameter of the cylinder.

The inner reactor 220 is cylindrical and the cylinder has a smaller diameter than the outer reactor 210. This inner reactor 220 is inserted into the outer reactor 210.

At this time, the inner reactor 220 is inserted into the outer reactor 210 through the second side portion 212. For example, one end of the inner reactor 220 may be fixed to the inner surface of the second side portion 212 and the other end may extend from the second side portion 212 toward the first side portion 211. At this time, the length of the inner reactor 220 is extended to a length shorter than the total length of the outer reactor (210). For convenience of description, an end fixed to the second side portion 212 is referred to as a 'fixed end 120b', and an end extending toward the first side portion 211 is referred to as a 'free end 220b'. The free end 220b of the inner reactor 220 is spaced apart from the first side portion 211 of the outer reactor 210 as the length of the inner reactor 220 has a length shorter than that of the outer reactor 210. do. The spaced distance of the free end 220b is adjustable by changing the length of the internal reactor 220.

As such, since the inner reactor 220 is positioned inside the outer reactor 210, the first plasma apparatus 200 has a double tube structure. At this time, the inner reactor 220 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the outer reactor 210, so that the outer surface of the inner reactor 220 and the inner surface of the outer reactor 210 is spaced a predetermined distance, thereby the inner reactor 220 Between the and the outer reactor 210 is formed a space portion capable of moving the fluid. In addition, since the inner reactor 220 is located inside the outer reactor 210, the inside of the inner reactor 220 forms another space in the outer reactor 210. In this case, the space between the outer reactor 210 and the inner reactor 220 may be a gas movement space 261 through which the exhaust gas may move, and the space inside the inner reactor 220 may be injected with plasma to It may be a plasma reaction space 262 to which the exhaust gas reacts. Here, the interior of the internal reactor 220 is a space where the high-temperature plasma and the gas reacts, and a refractory material (for example, a quartz tube) may be inserted as necessary.

Here, the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 are through each other. That is, as mentioned above, the inner reactor 220 has a length shorter than that of the outer reactor 210 so that the free end 220b is spaced apart from the first side portion 211 by a predetermined distance therebetween. Each of the gas moving spaces 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 placed in the opening is opened toward the first side portion 211, whereby the gas moving spaces 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 communicate with each other.

The exhaust gas and the plasma discharged from the gasification unit 100 are injected into the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262. The exhaust gas is injected through the gas injection unit 240, and the plasma is injected through the plasma injection unit 230.

The plasma injection unit 230 is connected to the first side portion 211 of the external reactor 210. In this case, the plasma injection unit 230 is positioned in parallel with the axial direction of the external reactor 210. As a result, the plasma injection unit 230 allows the plasma to be injected along the axial direction of the external reactor 210 and the internal reactor 220. For injection of the plasma, the plasma injection unit 230 may be connected to the plasma generator. The plasma generating unit is a part that generates the plasma. For example, it may be a plasma torch. The plasma from the plasma generator is injected into the internal reactor 220 along the axial direction of the internal reactor 220. The diameter of the plasma injection unit 230 is smaller than the diameter of the outer reactor 210 and the inner reactor 220. As the diameter of the internal reactor 220 is smaller than that of the internal reactor 220, the plasma injected through the plasma injection unit 230 is easily injected into the internal reactor 220. On the other hand, the plasma is a high temperature plasma region in the case of the plasma region close to the plasma injection unit 230, and is a low temperature plasma region as it moves away from the plasma injection unit 230.

Referring to FIG. 4, the gas injection unit 240 is connected to the circumferential surface of the external reactor 210 at a position close to the second side portion 212, and is located opposite to the plasma injection unit 230. At this time, the gas injection unit 240 is installed in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the outer reactor 210. Accordingly, when the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe 10 is connected to the gas injection unit 240, the gas injected into the inside of the external reactor 210 through the connected front end exhaust gas transfer pipe 10 and the gas injection unit 240 is swirled ( injection is possible. That is, the exhaust gas injected in the swirl form may be injected while turning along the inner surface of the external reactor 210. The gas injection unit 240 may be installed in one or more numbers.

On the other hand, the exhaust gas injected into the inside of the external reactor 210 through the gas injection unit 240 is plasma-treated while passing through the gas moving space 261 and the plasma reaction space 262 is discharged to the outside of the reactor.

The discharge port 250 is an opening for discharging the plasma processing gas injected into the external reactor 210 and discharged from the plasma. The discharge port 250 is an end, that is, a fixed end, of the second side portion 212 of the internal reactor 220 so that the plasma processing gas after the plasma treatment is easily discharged while the exhaust gas passes through the plasma reaction space 262. It may be formed at (220a).

On the other hand, the exhaust gas injected into the gas moving space 261 preferably has a structure that can be quickly mixed in the high temperature plasma region of the high efficiency of the reaction of the exhaust gas injected into the plasma reaction space 262. To this end, the plasma reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention designed the gas induction part 270 inside the external reactor 210.

The gas induction part 270 is positioned in front of the traveling direction of the exhaust gas moving in the gas movement space 261. At this time, the gas induction part 270 has a truncated cone-shaped inner space. The truncated cone shape is formed such that the central portion (a) of the inner surface of the first side portion 211 is the upper surface, and the cross section (b) of the outer reactor 210 is the lower surface. Therefore, the gas induction part 270 is tapered at a predetermined angle narrowed toward the plasma injection part 230 from the inside of the external reactor 210.

The gas induction part 270 may be designed in various forms. For example, it may be configured by fixedly installing a molding member having a truncated cone-shaped inner space inside the outer reactor 210.

As described above, the reaction gas induction part 270 is located in front of the traveling direction of the exhaust gas moving in the gas moving space 261 and tapered toward the plasma injection part 230 from the inside of the external reactor 210. Therefore, when the exhaust gas traveling toward the plasma injection unit 230 in the gas moving space 261 reaches the plasma injection unit 230, the exhaust gas is rapidly induced toward the plasma injection unit 230. .

On the other hand, when the gas induction part 270 is installed, the length of the inserted portion of the internal reactor 220, the free end 220b of the internal reactor 220 is in the conical inner space of the reaction gas induction part 270 The length may be located.

Hereinafter, a process of treating waste or biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

First, waste or biomass is introduced into the gasification unit 100 to pyrolyze waste or biomass, and exhaust gas is discharged from the gasification unit 100.

The exhaust gas is transferred to the downstream process units 300 through the exhaust gas transfer tubes, and in this process, the exhaust gas flows into the first plasma apparatus 200 installed on the exhaust gas transfer tube of one of the exhaust gas transfer tubes.

In the first plasma apparatus 200, the plasma is injected along the axial direction of the internal reactor 220 through the plasma injection unit 230, and the plasma is injected into the plasma reaction space 262 that is inside the internal reactor 220. .

The exhaust gas flowing into the first plasma apparatus 200 is injected into the gas moving space 261 through the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe 10 and the gas injection unit 240. At this time, since the gas injection unit 240 is installed in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the external reactor 220 is injected in a swirl form.

The exhaust gas injected in the swirl form moves toward the plasma injection unit 230 while turning along the inner surface of the external reactor 210 in the gas movement space 261.

When the traveling exhaust gas reaches a position close to the plasma injection unit 230, the exhaust gas is rapidly moved toward the plasma injection unit 230 by the gas induction unit 270, thereby injecting through the plasma injection unit 230. It quickly mixes with the plasma. At this time, since the gas induction part 270 is tapered in a form narrowing from the inner surface of the outer reactor 210 toward the plasma injection part 230, the exhaust gas may be rapidly mixed in the high temperature plasma region close to the plasma injection part 230. have.

The exhaust gas mixed with the plasma moves into the plasma reaction space 262 while reacting with the plasma because the plasma is injected into the plasma reaction space 262.

In the plasma reaction space 262, the exhaust gas continues to react with the plasma and proceed toward the discharge port 250 along the axial direction of the internal reactor 220. In this process, the plasma and the exhaust gas react with each other in the plasma reaction space 262 to generate the secondary plasma, thereby decomposing the exhaust gas. That is, tar which is a hardly decomposable substance contained in exhaust gas is removed. After the plasma treatment, the plasma processing gas is discharged to the outside of the reactor through the discharge port 250.

During the plasma processing of the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas injected into the inside of the external reactor 210 in a swirl form increases the residence time in the first plasma apparatus 200 and allows the exhaust gas to be rapidly mixed in the high temperature plasma region. As a result, the processing flow rate of the exhaust gas and the decomposition of tar, which is a hardly decomposable substance contained in the exhaust gas, are effectively achieved.

As such, the exhaust gas (plasma treatment gas) from which tar is removed while passing through the first plasma apparatus 200 is moved to the post-processing units 300 through other exhaust gas transfer pipes located after the first plasma apparatus 200. It is processed and used through each process of the rear end process units 300. For example, the exhaust gas from which tar is removed may be removed from the acid gas and the sulfur compound through each process of the rear end process units 300, and may be used as an energy source for boiler and turbine operation.

Second embodiment

5 is a block diagram conceptually showing a configuration of a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a configuration of the catalytic reactor shown in FIG. Illustrates the connected state.

Referring to FIG. 5, a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention may include a gasification unit 1100, post-processing units 1300, exhaust gas transfer pipes, a first plasma apparatus 1200, and a catalyst. Reactor 1400.

The gasification unit 1100, the back end processing units 1300, the exhaust gas transfer pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 1200 are gas of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. 1. Since it is the same as the fire part 100, the rear end process parts 300, the exhaust gas transfer pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 200, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The catalytic reactor 1400 is connected to the rear end of the first plasma apparatus 1200 to catalyze the exhaust gas from which the hardly decomposable substance discharged from the first plasma apparatus 1200 is decomposed. Catalytic reactor 1400 includes a reaction tube 1410 and a catalyst 1420.

The reaction tube 1410 is in fluid communication with the first plasma apparatus 200 through a rear end exhaust gas transfer tube 10 ′ directly connected to the first plasma apparatus 200 or connected to the outlet 1210 of the first plasma apparatus 1200. Can be communicatively connected.

The catalyst 1420 is installed inside the reaction tube 1410, and reacts with the exhaust gas introduced into the reaction tube 1410 to decompose the hardly decomposable substance remaining in the exhaust gas. For example, the catalyst 1420 may be any one or more of activated alumina, titania, molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co).

The catalytic reactor 1400 should be supplied with energy capable of activating the catalyst 1420. For this purpose, a plasma injection unit 1411 through which an electromagnetic plasma can be supplied is connected to the reactor 1410. An electromagnetic plasma torch may be connected to the plasma injection unit 1411. The electromagnetic plasma injected into the catalytic reactor 1400 may not only activate the catalyst 1420 but also react with the exhaust gas injected into the reactor 1410 to decompose the hardly decomposable material together with the catalyst 1420.

In the waste or biomass processing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas discharged from the gasifier 100 passes through the first plasma apparatus 200 and then passes through the catalytic reactor 1400 and exhaust gas. Since the hardly decomposable substance contained therein is decomposed, it is possible to more effectively decompose the hardly decomposable substance contained in the exhaust gas generated from the thermal decomposition of the waste or biomass.

Third embodiment

7 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a configuration of a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the plasma apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 7, the apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification unit 2100, post-processing units 2300, exhaust gas transfer tubes, a first plasma apparatus 2200, and a catalyst. A reactor 2400 and a second plasma apparatus 2500.

The gasification unit 2100, the back end processing units 2300, the exhaust gas transfer pipes, and the first plasma apparatus 2200 are gas of a waste or biomass processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. 1. The same as the fire unit 100, the rear end process units 300, the exhaust gas transfer pipes and the first plasma apparatus 200, the catalytic reactor 2400 is a second embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIGS. Since the same as the catalytic reactor 400 of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The second plasma apparatus 2500 may be installed on an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to the front end or the rear end of the rear end process unit for processing particulate impurities included in the exhaust gas among the rear end process units. For example, the second plasma apparatus 2500 may be installed on an exhaust gas transport pipe connected to a rear end of the rear end process unit for removing impurities included in the exhaust gas from the rear end process units 2300.

The second plasma apparatus 2500 may collect particulate impurities remaining in the exhaust gas on the exhaust gas transport pipe connected to the rear end of the rear stage process unit for removing impurities. The second plasma apparatus 2500 may be a corona discharge apparatus or a dielectric barrier discharge apparatus. For example, the second plasma apparatus 2500 may have a cylindrical external electrode 2510 and an external electrode (as shown in FIG. 8). Corona discharge device including a rod-shaped inner electrode (2520) penetrated in the center of the 2510. In this case, the external electrodes 2510 and the internal electrodes 2520 may be installed on the exhaust gas transport pipe such that the axial directions thereof are parallel to the direction in which the exhaust gases move, and in such a state, the exhaust gases are inside the external electrodes 2510. Therefore, the second plasma apparatus 2500 generates a corona discharge to charge the particulate impurities remaining in the exhaust gas, thereby separating the charged particles from the gas by the electric force in the electromagnetic field, that is, collecting the particles by the electric force. can do. At this time, the generated corona is filled with ions and electrons between the external electrode 2510 and the internal electrode 2520, and the particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas are attached to the inner surface of the cylinder of the external electrode 2510 so that the particulate impurities are removed. Can be collected.

The waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention can effectively decompose the hardly decomposable substance contained in the exhaust gas through the first plasma apparatus 2200 and the catalytic reactor 2400. Since the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas may be collected and removed using the plasma apparatus 2500, high-quality alternative energy, that is, high-quality alternative gas from which hardly decomposable substances and other impurities of the exhaust gas are removed, may be produced.

Fourth embodiment

9 is a block diagram conceptually showing a configuration of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate treatment of waste or biomass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure of the reactor of an apparatus, the structure which connects an exhaust gas conveyance pipe, and a 3rd plasma apparatus with a reactor.

Referring to FIG. 9, the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a gasifier 3100, post-processing units 3300, exhaust gas transfer pipes, a gas decomposition reactor 3400, and exhaust gas. The first plasma apparatus 3200 installed on any one of the exhaust pipes, the third plasma apparatus 3200 'connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and the pressure control unit 3500.

The first plasma apparatus 3200 installed on the gasification unit 3100, the back end processing units 3300, the exhaust gas transport pipes, and the exhaust gas transport pipe is waste or bio according to the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. Since the gasification unit 100, the rear end process units 300, the exhaust gas transfer tubes, and the first plasma apparatus 200 of the mass treatment apparatus are the same, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

10A and 10B are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure of a reactor of an apparatus for treating waste or biomass, an exhaust gas transfer pipe, and a structure in which a third plasma apparatus is connected to a reactor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, reference is made to FIGS. 10A and 10B unless otherwise specified.

The gas cracking reactor 3400 may be installed on an exhaust gas transfer tube in which the first plasma apparatus 3200 is installed or on an exhaust gas transfer tube in which the first plasma apparatus 3200 is not installed. For example, the gas cracking reactor 3400 may be installed on any one of the exhaust gas transfer pipes in which the first plasma apparatus 3200 is not installed.

In addition, the gas decomposition reactor 3400 may include a gas receiving space 3410 and an exhaust gas outlet 3420. The gas accommodating space 3410 is a portion for accommodating the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas outlet 3420 is a part for discharging the purified exhaust gas from the gas accommodating space 3410. For example, the gas cracking reactor 3400 may have a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical shape may be formed in a shape in which the upper side and the lower side are relatively narrow compared to the center portion, that is, a shape in which the inner diameter becomes narrower from the center portion toward the upper side and the lower side.

The gas cracking reactor 3400 may be formed of a fireproof material and a heat insulating material to prevent the loss due to the high temperature by the plasma and the temperature maintenance of the plasma injected into the gas receiving space (3410).

The third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ is connected to the gas cracking reactor 3400 to inject the exhaust gas into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas cracking reactor 3400. The third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ includes an external reactor 3210 ′, an internal reactor 3220 ′, a plasma injection unit 3230 ′, a gas injection unit 3240 ′, and an outlet 3250 ′. The third plasma apparatus 3200 'is connected to the gas cracking reactor 3400 except that it is connected to the structure of the first plasma apparatus 200 of the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Since it is the same, a detailed description of the third plasma apparatus 3200 'will be omitted. Hereinafter, a structure in which the third plasma apparatus 3200' is connected to the gas decomposition reactor 3400 will be described.

In the third plasma apparatus 3200 ′, the discharge port 3250 ′ is connected in fluid communication with an outer surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. To this end, the internal reactor 3220 ′ may have a length through which the discharge port 3250 ′ may protrude to the outside of the external gas cracking reactor 3400. The third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ is in fluid communication with the gas cracking reactor 3400 in at least two numbers. Some of the two or more third plasma apparatuses 3200 ′ are positioned at an upper side with respect to the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, and are inclined at a predetermined angle θ1 downward with respect to the horizontal center line L. It is disposed in a state, and the rest is disposed at a lower angle relative to the horizontal center line (L) of the gas cracking reactor (3400) is inclined at a predetermined angle (θ2) in an upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line (L). In this case, the two or more third plasma apparatuses 3200 ′ are installed in a tangential direction of the inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. The third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ is supplied with plasma so that the plasma may be injected into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400.

Meanwhile, the exhaust gas transport pipe in which the gas decomposition reactor 3400 is installed among the exhaust gas transport pipes may include a front exhaust gas transport pipe and a rear exhaust gas transport pipe.

The inlet of the front exhaust gas transfer pipe may be connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the rear end processing unit 3300 of either the gasification unit 3100 or the rear end processing units 3300, and the outlet 10a of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe may be Branched into three or more may be connected in fluid communication with the gas injection portion 3240 'of the two or more third plasma apparatus (3200'). At this time, at least one outlet (10a) of the three or more outlets of the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe is the gas injection unit of the third plasma apparatus 3200 'located above the horizontal center line (L) of the gas cracking reactor (3400) And one or more outlets 10a 'connected to the 3240', and the gas injection portion 3240 'of the third plasma apparatus 3200' positioned below the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. ) The remaining outlet 10a ″ is in fluid communication with the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas cracking reactor 3400. At this time, the outlet 10a '' of the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to the gas cracking reactor 3400 is installed in a tangential direction on the inner surface of the gas cracking reactor 3400.

The inlet 10b of the rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe is connected in fluid communication with the gas outlet 3420 of the gas cracking reactor 3400, and the outlet of the rear end exhaust gas transfer pipe is the rear end process unit of any one of the rear end process units 3300. Is in fluid communication with the inlet of 3300.

The pressure controller 3500 is installed at the lower end of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 to control the pressure inside the gas receiving space 3410 to form the vortex of the exhaust gas discharged from the two or more third plasma apparatuses 3200 '. Adjust

Hereinafter, a process of purifying exhaust gases through the gas decomposition reactor 3400 and two or more third plasma apparatuses 3200 'of the waste gas and biomass treatment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The exhaust gas is received in the gas decomposition reactor 3400 through one or more outlets 10a '' of the

branched outlets

10a, 10a ', 10a' 'of the front end exhaust pipe connected to the gasification reactor 3400. Two or

more outlets

10a, 10a of the branched outlets of the shear exhaust pipe which are immediately injected into the space 3410 and are connected to the gas injection section 3240 'of the two or more third plasma apparatuses 3200'. After being injected into the third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ through '), it is injected through the third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. At this time, the exhaust gas injected into the third plasma apparatus 3200 'is discharged through the discharge hole 3250' after the plasma treatment, that is, the first hardly decomposable substance is decomposed in the third plasma apparatus 3200 '. The gas is injected into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. Here, the process in which the exhaust gas injected into the third plasma apparatus 3200 'is plasma-processed in the third plasma apparatus 3200' may be a waste gas and biomass processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Since the first plasma apparatus 200 is the same as the plasma treatment of the exhaust gas, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The exhaust gas injected into the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas cracking reactor 3400 may include the outlets 10a ″ and the third plasma apparatuses 3200 ′ of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to the gas cracking reactor 3400. Since it is installed in the tangential direction on the inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 will form a vortex. In addition, since the third plasma apparatus 3200 ′ connected to the upper portion of the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 is inclined at a predetermined angle θ1 downward with respect to the horizontal center line L, the third plasma apparatus The exhaust gas injected into the gas accommodation space 3410 'through the discharge port 3250 ′ of the 3200 ′ forms a vortex while descending, and is connected to a lower portion of the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor 3400. Since the device 3200 'is inclined at a predetermined angle θ2 in the upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line L, the device 3200' is injected into the gas receiving space 3410 'through the discharge port 3250' of the third plasma apparatus 3200 '. The exhaust gas is upward while forming a vortex.

As the vortex upwards and the vortex downwards are mixed with each other in the process of supplying the exhaust gas to the gas receiving space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400, the discharge of the exhaust gas is delayed, and the exhaust gas forming the vortex During the delayed time, the hardly decomposable substance is decomposed secondly by reacting with the plasma supplied through the third plasma apparatuses 3200 ′ in the gas receiving space 3410. Therefore, since the reaction time of the plasma and the exhaust gas in the gas accommodating space 3410 of the gas decomposition reactor 3400 increases, the hardly decomposable substance contained in the exhaust gas may be effectively decomposed.

Using the waste or biomass treatment apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, since the exhaust gas reacts with the plasma several times, it is possible to more effectively decompose the hardly decomposable substance in the exhaust gas.

The description of the presented embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein but should be construed in the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features set forth herein.

Claims

An apparatus for decomposing and treating hardly decomposable substances contained in exhaust gases generated from a waste or thermochemical conversion process of biomass,

The device is:

A gasification unit for gasifying the waste or biomass by thermochemical conversion;

A plurality of rear end process units disposed sequentially after the gasification unit and configured to convert the exhaust gas discharged from the gasification unit into renewable energy or to use the renewable energy;

Exhaust gas transfer pipes for transferring gas between the gasification unit and the rear end process unit or gas between the various rear end process units; And

And a first plasma processing device installed on at least one of the exhaust gas transport pipes and decomposing the hardly decomposable substance in the gas transported in the exhaust gas transport pipes through the plasma.

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 1,

The first plasma processing apparatus,

It is in the form of a double tube including an external reactor and an internal reactor, the gas transported inside the exhaust gas transfer pipes are introduced between the external reactor and the internal reactor, and the introduced gas flows in the reverse direction of the direction immediately proceeding to the plasma while entering the plasma. Characterized in that the hardly decomposable substance is decomposed and discharged by

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method according to claim 1 or 2,

The first plasma processing apparatus is:

An external reactor having a hollow columnar shape and including a first side portion perpendicular to the columnar axial direction and a second side portion opposing the first side portion;

An inner reactor inserted into the outer reactor at the second side portion, the outer surface of the inner reactor being a hollow columnar shape having a diameter that can be spaced apart from the inner surface of the outer reactor by a distance, and inserted into the outer reactor An end of the divided portion is an internal reactor spaced a predetermined distance from the first side portion;

A plasma injection unit connected to the first side portion to inject plasma in an axial direction of the external reactor;

A gas injector configured to inject gas into a space between the outer reactor and the inner reactor at a position adjacent the second side part, such that the injected gas is directed to the first side part; And

A discharge port disposed in the second side part to discharge the gas from the internal reactor,

The exhaust gas transfer pipe provided with the first plasma processing apparatus has a front end exhaust gas transfer tube for injecting the exhaust gas into the first plasma processing apparatus and a plasma processing gas that has been plasma-reacted by reacting with plasma in the first plasma processing apparatus. It includes a downstream exhaust gas transfer pipe to be transferred to the process unit,

An inlet of the front exhaust gas transfer pipe is connected in fluid communication with an outlet of the gasification unit or the rear end process unit, and an outlet of the front exhaust gas transfer pipe is connected in fluid communication with the gas inlet unit,

The inlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe is connected in fluid communication with the discharge port and the outlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe is characterized in that it is connected in fluid communication with the inlet of the rear end process,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 1,

At least one gas injection unit is installed,

The one or more gas injection unit is installed in the tangential direction of the external reactor,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 1,

The waste or biomass treatment device,

And a second plasma apparatus installed on an exhaust gas transfer pipe connected to a rear end of the rear end process unit for processing the plasma processing gas among the rear end process units.

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 5,

The second plasma device is characterized in that made of any one of a corona discharge device or a dielectric barrier discharge device,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 1,

The waste or biomass treatment device,

And a catalytic reactor installed at a rear end of the first plasma apparatus and catalytically reacting with the plasma processing gas.

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 1,

The hardly decomposable material is characterized in that it contains tar,

Waste or biomass processing devices.
The method of claim 1,

The waste or biomass treatment device,

A gas decomposition reactor installed on at least one of the exhaust gas transport pipes, the gas decomposition space including a gas accommodation space accommodating the exhaust gas or the plasma processing apparatus and a gas outlet located above the gas accommodation space; And

At least two third plasma apparatuses connected to the gas cracking reactor to inject the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the gas receiving space together with the plasma;

The exhaust gas transfer pipe in which the gas decomposition reactor is installed includes a shear exhaust gas transfer pipe for injecting the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas into the two or more third plasma apparatuses and the gas accommodation space and the gas treated in the gas accommodation space. It includes a rear stage exhaust gas transfer pipe to be transferred to the rear stage process unit,

The inlet of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe is connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the gasification unit or the rear end process unit, and the outlet of the front end exhaust gas transfer pipe is branched into three or more branches of the two or more third plasma apparatus and In fluid communication with the gas receiving space,

The inlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe is connected in fluid communication with the gas outlet and the outlet of the rear exhaust gas transport pipe is characterized in that it is connected in fluid communication with the inlet of the rear end process,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 9,

The gas cracking reactor is hollow columnar, cylindrical or jar shaped,

The two or more third plasma apparatus and the outlet branched to three or more of the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe is installed in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the gas decomposition reactor,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 9,

One or more third plasma apparatuses of the two or more third plasma apparatuses are positioned above the horizontal center line L of the gas decomposition reactor and are inclined at a predetermined angle θ1 in the downward direction with respect to the horizontal center line. And at least one third plasma device of the remaining third plasma devices is disposed below the horizontal center line and inclined at a predetermined angle θ2 in an upward direction with respect to the horizontal center line. Made,

Waste or biomass disposal device.
The method of claim 9,

The waste or biomass treatment device,

The gas decomposition to control the pressure inside the gas receiving space to control the vortex formation of the exhaust gas or the plasma processing gas injected into the gas receiving space from the shear exhaust gas transfer pipe and the at least two third plasma apparatuses. Further comprising a pressure control unit installed at the lower end of the reactor,

Waste or biomass disposal device.