CN212178879U - Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system - Google Patents
Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011286 gas tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统，它包括包括依次连通的热解炉、二燃室、烟气急冷除酸装置、石灰粉添加装置、密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置、高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置和烟囱。本实用新型根据生活垃圾孔隙率大、CaO的碳酸化反应催化生活垃圾热解气化等特性，利用密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置，实现生活垃圾的筛分、干燥与烟气焦油拦截的有效组合，有效解决烟气中焦油对后续处理系统堵塞问题，提高系统运行稳定性，同时提高了生活垃圾的热值和后续生活垃圾热解反应温度与产氢效率，有效降低了烟气中焦油、二噁英等污染物质含量，环境效益显著。
The utility model discloses a small-scale domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a secondary combustion chamber, a flue gas quenching acid removal device, a lime powder adding device, an airtight domestic garbage screening and a flue gas which are connected in sequence. Tar interception device, high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device and chimney. According to the characteristics of the large porosity of domestic garbage, the carbonation reaction of CaO catalyzes the pyrolysis and gasification of domestic garbage, and the like, the utility model utilizes an airtight domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device to realize the screening, drying and flue gas tar interception of domestic garbage. The effective combination of interception can effectively solve the blockage problem of the tar in the flue gas on the follow-up treatment system, improve the stability of the system, and at the same time improve the calorific value of the domestic waste and the subsequent pyrolysis reaction temperature and hydrogen production efficiency of the domestic waste, effectively reducing the flue gas. The content of pollutants such as tar and dioxin has significant environmental benefits.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统。The utility model relates to a small domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着偏远的中小城镇、自然保护区等运输距离远、运输风险大的区域活垃圾就近处理需求日益增加，我国生活垃圾热解气化技术取得了一定的发展，正逐步替代原来的卫生填埋、堆肥、焚烧垃圾发电等技术。但从我国生活垃圾热解气化处理工程运行实际来看，仍然存在这样或那样的问题，具体如下：生活垃圾热解气化处理单台设备处理规模小，可燃气产率相对较低，且部分垃圾热解气化处理设施因未筛分垃圾中无机成分导致后续热解气化反应温度偏低（低于850℃），进而加大了生活垃圾热解气化烟气中焦油含量及处理难度；部分采用干法处理生活垃圾热解气化烟气的工程因焦油未得到有效处理，严重堵塞烟气管道与设施，影响了烟气处理设施的正常运行，大大提高了烟气排放的环境风险。In recent years, with the increasing demand for nearby living waste treatment in remote small and medium-sized towns, nature reserves and other areas with long transportation distances and high transportation risks, my country's domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification technology has achieved certain development and is gradually replacing the original. Sanitary landfill, composting, waste incineration and other technologies. However, from the actual operation of the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment project in my country, there are still some problems. The details are as follows: the single equipment for domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment is small in processing scale, the yield of combustible gas is relatively low, and the In some waste pyrolysis gasification treatment facilities, the subsequent pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature is relatively low (below 850°C) due to the inorganic components in the unscreened waste, which further increases the tar content in the pyrolysis gasification flue gas of domestic waste and its treatment. Difficulty; some projects that use dry method to treat domestic waste pyrolysis gasification flue gas have not been effectively treated due to tar, which seriously blocks flue gas pipes and facilities, affects the normal operation of flue gas treatment facilities, and greatly improves the environment for flue gas emissions. risk.
随着生活垃圾分类制的深入实施，生活垃圾中的废纸、废塑料等有机成分将会被回收利用，分类后生活垃圾中有机成分将大大减少，预计到2020年底，生活垃圾资源化回收利用率达到35%以上。这样以来，分选后用于热解气化处理的生活垃圾热值变得更低，使得生活垃圾热解炉温度将低，致使生活垃圾热解过程可燃气体产生量及其质量均下降，从而使得生活垃圾热解气化反应系统进入恶性循环，最终可导致该热解气化设施因生活垃圾热值底无法正常运行，甚至停运。With the in-depth implementation of the domestic waste classification system, organic components such as waste paper and waste plastics in domestic waste will be recycled, and the organic components in domestic waste will be greatly reduced after classification. rate of more than 35%. In this way, the calorific value of the domestic waste used for pyrolysis and gasification treatment after sorting becomes lower, so that the temperature of the domestic waste pyrolysis furnace will be lower, resulting in a decrease in the amount and quality of the combustible gas generated during the pyrolysis process of the domestic waste, thus This makes the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification reaction system enter a vicious circle, which can eventually lead to the failure of the pyrolysis and gasification facility to operate normally due to the low calorific value of domestic waste, or even outage.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型旨在针对生活垃圾分类方案的深入实施带来的生活垃圾热值降低问题和现有生活垃圾热解气化可燃气产率低、热解气化反应温度低、烟气焦油产量大且难处理等问题导致大部分生活垃圾热解气化处理设施不能稳定运行的现象，提供一种小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统。The utility model aims to solve the problem of reducing the calorific value of domestic waste caused by the in-depth implementation of the domestic waste classification scheme and the low yield of combustible gas, low pyrolysis and gasification reaction temperature, and large output of flue gas tar in the existing domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification. In addition, problems such as difficulty in treatment lead to the phenomenon that most of the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment facilities cannot operate stably, and a small domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system is provided.
为了达到上述目的，本实用新型提供的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the utility model provides is:
所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统包括热解炉（1）、二燃室（3）、烟气急冷除酸装置（4）、石灰粉添加装置（5）、密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置（6）、高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置（9）和烟囱（10）；所述热解炉（1）的烟气管道（2）与二燃室（3）的烟气进口连通，二燃室（3）的烟气出口与烟气急冷除酸装置（4）的烟气进口连通，烟气急冷除酸装置（4）的烟气出口与文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置（5）的烟气进口连通，文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置（5）的烟气出口与密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置（6）的烟气进口连通，密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置（6）的烟气出口与高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置（9）的烟气进口连通，高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置（9）的烟气出口与烟囱（10）连通；所述密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置（6）上远离烟气进口的一端设有生活垃圾进料口（15）、靠近烟气进口的一端设有生活垃圾出料口（13），所述生活垃圾出料口（13）与热解炉（1）的进料口（14）连通。The small domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system includes a pyrolysis furnace (1), a secondary combustion chamber (3), a flue gas quenching acid removal device (4), a lime powder adding device (5), an airtight domestic waste screening and smoke removal device. Gas tar interception device (6), high-voltage electrostatic deacidification dust removal and dehumidification device (9) and chimney (10); the flue gas pipeline (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and the flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber (3) The flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (3) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas quenching acid removal device (4), and the flue gas outlet of the flue gas quenching acid removal device (4) is added with Venturi activated carbon and lime powder. The flue gas inlet of the device (5) is connected, and the flue gas outlet of the venturi-type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the airtight domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6), and the airtight domestic garbage is connected. The flue gas outlet of the screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device (9), and the flue gas outlet of the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device (9) is connected to the chimney (10). ) is connected; the closed domestic waste screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is provided with a domestic waste feed port (15) at one end away from the flue gas inlet, and a domestic waste discharge port at the end close to the flue gas inlet. (13), the domestic waste discharge port (13) is communicated with the feed port (14) of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
优选地，所述密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置（6）内腔设有管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置（7）；所述管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置（7）靠近生活垃圾进料口（15）的管道上设有筛孔，所述设有筛孔的管道外侧套设筛下物灭菌密闭套管（8），所述筛下物灭菌密闭套管（8）底部设有筛下物灭菌密闭套管出口（16）。Preferably, the inner cavity of the airtight domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is provided with a pipeline segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device (7); The pipe of the garbage screening and conveying device (7) close to the domestic garbage feeding port (15) is provided with sieve holes, and a sterilization sealing sleeve (8) for under-sieves is sleeved on the outside of the pipe provided with the sieve holes. The bottom of the undersieve sterilization sealing sleeve (8) is provided with an undersieve sterilization sealing sleeve outlet (16).
优选地，所述管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置（7）的截面均为圆形；所述筛下物灭菌密闭套管（8）的截面均为U形。Preferably, the cross-sections of the pipeline segmented shaftless spiral domestic waste screening and conveying device (7) are all circular; the cross-sections of the undersieve sterilization sealing sleeve (8) are all U-shaped.
优选地，所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统还包括碱液池（11），所述烟气急冷除酸装置（4）上部设有喷雾口（12），所述碱液池（11）与喷雾口（12）连通。Preferably, the small-scale household waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system further comprises a lye pool (11), a spray port (12) is provided on the upper part of the flue gas quenching and acid removal device (4), and the lye pool (11) Connect with the spray port (12).
优选地，所述文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置（5）是在文丘里的颈管处设置进料口、在扩散管处设置环状碱液喷淋孔。Preferably, the venturi-type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is provided with a feed port at the neck of the venturi, and an annular lye spray hole is provided at the diffuser.
优选地，所述热解炉（1）的烟气管道（2）设于热解炉（1）的中下部。Preferably, the flue gas duct (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is arranged in the middle and lower part of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
下面结合设计和工作原理对本实用新型作进一步说明：The utility model is further described below in conjunction with design and working principle:
本实用新型所述的小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统中设置了密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置，所述密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置内设管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置，垃圾进料段设置筛孔、出料段不设施筛孔，实现对烟气中焦油、活性炭和石灰粉进行有效拦截，提高生活垃圾热值和后续热解气化的可燃气体的产生率；在无轴螺旋的筛孔段外套设密闭套管，并在垃圾进料端内壁设置筛下物消毒收集斗，以便对生活垃圾筛下物进行高温灭菌处理并定去排出；也就是说，生活垃圾由进料斗出口进入管壁上设置有筛孔的无轴螺旋输送机前段，生活垃圾中的无机颗粒经筛孔掉入筛下物灭菌密闭套管内，剩余生活垃圾经管壁未设置筛孔的螺旋输送机后段进入热解炉；所述筛下物灭菌密闭套管内完成功能对筛下物高温消毒后由筛下物灭菌密闭套管出口刮出；烟气则从烟气入口进入管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置内，高温烟气与生活垃圾在管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置内相向运动，烟气与生活垃圾逆向接触后再由烟气出口进入高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置。The small domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system of the utility model is provided with a closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device, and the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device is equipped with a pipeline-type segmented shaftless device. Spiral domestic waste screening and conveying device, the waste feeding section is equipped with sieve holes, and the discharge section is not equipped with sieve holes, which can effectively intercept tar, activated carbon and lime powder in the flue gas, improve the calorific value of domestic waste and subsequent pyrolysis and gasification. The production rate of combustible gas is increased; a closed casing is set on the sieve section of the shaftless screw, and a sterilization and collection bucket for under-sieves is set on the inner wall of the waste feed end, so as to sterilize the under-sieves of domestic waste and fix them at high temperature. That is to say, the domestic garbage enters the front section of the shaftless screw conveyor with sieve holes on the pipe wall from the outlet of the feed hopper, and the inorganic particles in the domestic garbage fall into the sterilization closed casing of the under-sieve through the sieve holes. The remaining domestic waste enters the pyrolysis furnace through the rear section of the screw conveyor without sieve holes on the pipe wall; the undersieve sterilization closed casing completes the function to sterilize the undersieve at high temperature, and then the undersieve sterilizes the closed casing outlet. Scrape out; the flue gas enters the pipeline segmented shaftless spiral domestic waste screening and conveying device from the flue gas inlet, and the high-temperature flue gas and the domestic waste move toward each other in the pipeline segmented axisless spiral domestic waste screening and conveying device. The flue gas is in reverse contact with the domestic waste and then enters the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification dust removal and dehumidification device from the flue gas outlet.
生活垃圾在密闭式生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置内输送过程中，垃圾中粒径小的成分（主要为无机物）通过无轴滚动筛有孔段调入密闭套管内，高温尾气（温度约为300℃）与筛下物直接接触，可将筛下物加热至200℃左右能有效完成对生活垃圾筛下物的高温灭菌消毒，并通过进料端筛下物收集斗将灭菌后的筛下物排出。不能通过无轴滚动筛筛孔的成分（主要是有机物）则随着滚动筛螺旋往前推进，经与热烟气直接逆向接触（生活垃圾停留时间保持在20分钟），可将生活垃圾加热至250℃左右，基本完成生活垃圾在该装置内干燥。热烟气中的焦油、活性炭、石灰粉等被生活垃圾进行有效拦截，其中焦油和活性炭提高了生活垃圾的热值，同时也大大降低了后续烟气中焦油和二噁英的含量，有效解决了焦油对管道与烟气处理设施的堵塞问题，提高了系统运行的稳定性；另外，被拦截的石灰粉与生活垃圾一同进入后续热解气化工序，经CaO的碳酸化反应（吸收反应过程中的CO2），催化H2等可燃气体的产生，增加了可燃气体的热值和热解气化反应温度。During the transportation of domestic waste in the closed domestic waste screening and flue gas tar intercepting device, the components with small particle size (mainly inorganic substances) in the waste are transferred into the closed casing through the perforated section of the shaftless rolling screen, and the high-temperature exhaust gas ( The temperature is about 300 ℃) and the material under the sieve is in direct contact, and the material under the sieve can be heated to about 200 ℃, which can effectively complete the high-temperature sterilization and disinfection of the material under the sieve of the domestic waste, and the under sieve collecting hopper at the feeding end will sterilize the material under the sieve. The sieve after the bacteria is discharged. The components (mainly organic matter) that cannot pass through the sieve holes of the shaftless rolling screen are propelled forward with the rolling screen screw, and are in direct and reverse contact with the hot flue gas (the residence time of domestic waste is kept at 20 minutes), and the domestic waste can be heated to 20 minutes. At about 250°C, the drying of domestic waste in the device is basically completed. The tar, activated carbon, lime powder, etc. in the hot flue gas are effectively intercepted by the domestic garbage. The tar and activated carbon increase the calorific value of the domestic garbage, and also greatly reduce the content of tar and dioxin in the subsequent flue gas, effectively solving the problem. The blockage problem of tar on pipelines and flue gas treatment facilities is improved, and the stability of system operation is improved; CO 2 ), catalyzes the generation of combustible gases such as H 2 , and increases the calorific value of the combustible gas and the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:
（1）有效拦截焦油，提高了系统运行的稳定性。利用生活垃圾的孔隙率大的特性，构建了以生活垃圾为介质的烟气拦截净化系统，在密闭装置中实现对焦油的高效拦截，减少进入后续烟气系统中的焦油，降低了管道与烟气处理设施因堵塞而导致的故障率，保障了生活垃圾热解系统的稳定性运行。(1) Effectively intercept tar and improve the stability of system operation. Taking advantage of the large porosity of domestic waste, a flue gas interception and purification system using domestic waste as a medium is constructed to achieve efficient interception of tar in a closed device, reduce tar entering the subsequent flue gas system, and reduce pipeline and smoke. The failure rate of the gas treatment facility due to blockage ensures the stable operation of the domestic waste pyrolysis system.
（2）高效催化，提高热解气化反应温度。利用CaO的碳酸化反应，对热解气化反应过程中产生的CO2进行有效吸收，在一定程度上提升生活垃圾热解气化的H2的产量与质量，提高可燃气体燃烧产生的热量，进而提升热解气化反应的温度（＞850℃），促进二噁英、焦油等污染物的有效分解。(2) Efficient catalysis to increase the temperature of pyrolysis gasification reaction. The carbonation reaction of CaO is used to effectively absorb the CO 2 generated during the pyrolysis and gasification reaction, to a certain extent, to improve the output and quality of H 2 from the pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, and to increase the heat generated by the combustion of combustible gases. In turn, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction is increased (>850°C), and the effective decomposition of pollutants such as dioxin and tar is promoted.
（3）集成密闭筛分消毒，垃圾处理效率与环境效益显著。采用密闭组合装置对圾中小粒径的成分地进行有效分离，减少了生活垃圾量，提升了参与热解气化反应生活垃圾的相对热值，高了生活垃圾处理效率；另外，利用高温烟气直接对筛下物在密闭环境中彻底消毒，避免了恶臭气体对环境的影响，环境效益显著。(3) Integrated airtight screening and disinfection, the waste treatment efficiency and environmental benefits are remarkable. The airtight combined device is used to effectively separate the small and medium-sized components of the waste, which reduces the amount of domestic waste, improves the relative calorific value of the domestic waste participating in the pyrolysis and gasification reaction, and improves the treatment efficiency of domestic waste; in addition, the use of high-temperature flue gas Directly sterilize the material under the sieve in a closed environment, avoiding the impact of odorous gas on the environment, and the environmental benefit is significant.
总之，本实用新型所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统利用生活垃圾孔隙率大、CaO的碳酸化反应催化生活垃圾热解气化等特性，通过密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置，实现生活垃圾的筛分、干燥与烟气焦油拦截的有效组合，有效解决烟气中焦油对后续处理系统堵塞问题，提高系统运行稳定性，同时提高了生活垃圾的热值和后续生活垃圾热解反应温度与产氢效率，有效降低了烟气中焦油、二噁英等污染物质含量，环境效益显著。In a word, the small-scale household waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of the large porosity of household waste, the carbonation reaction of CaO to catalyze the pyrolysis and gasification of household waste, etc. Realize the effective combination of domestic waste screening, drying and flue gas tar interception, effectively solve the problem of tar in flue gas blocking the subsequent treatment system, improve system operation stability, and at the same time improve the calorific value of domestic waste and the subsequent pyrolysis of domestic waste. The reaction temperature and hydrogen production efficiency effectively reduce the content of tar, dioxin and other pollutants in the flue gas, and the environmental benefits are remarkable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model small-scale domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system;
图2为本实用新型密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置的截面图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the airtight domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device of the present invention.
图中：1、热解炉，2、热解炉烟气管道，3、二燃室，4烟气急冷除酸装置，5、文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置，6、密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置，7、管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置，8、筛下物灭菌密闭套管，9、高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置，10、烟囱，11、碱液池，12、喷雾口，13、生活垃圾出料口，14、进料口，15、生活垃圾进料口，16、筛下物灭菌密闭套管出口。In the picture: 1. Pyrolysis furnace, 2. Pyrolysis furnace flue gas pipeline, 3. Secondary combustion chamber, 4. Flue gas quenching acid removal device, 5. Venturi activated carbon and lime powder adding device, 6. Airtight domestic waste screen Dispensing flue gas tar intercepting device, 7. Pipeline segmented shaftless screw screening and conveying device for domestic waste, 8. Sterilizing closed casing for under-screen material, 9. High-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device, 10. Chimney, 11 , lye pool, 12, spray port, 13, domestic waste discharge port, 14, feed port, 15, domestic waste feed port, 16, sterilization closed casing outlet for under sieve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1和图2，所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统包括热解炉1、二燃室3、烟气急冷除酸装置4、石灰粉添加装置5、密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置6、高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置9和烟囱10；所述热解炉1的烟气管道2与二燃室3的烟气进口连通，二燃室3的烟气出口与烟气急冷除酸装置4的烟气进口连通，烟气急冷除酸装置4的烟气出口与文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置5的烟气进口连通，文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置5的烟气出口与密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置6的烟气进口连通，密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置6的烟气出口与高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置9的烟气进口连通，高压静电脱酸除尘除湿装置9的烟气出口与烟囱10连通；所述密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置6上远离烟气进口的一端设有生活垃圾进料口15、靠近烟气进口的一端设有生活垃圾出料口13，所述生活垃圾出料口13与热解炉1的进料口14连通。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the small-scale domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system includes a pyrolysis furnace 1, a secondary combustion chamber 3, a flue gas quenching acid removal device 4, a lime powder adding device 5, a closed domestic waste screening and flue gas Tar intercepting device 6, high-voltage electrostatic deacidification dust removal and dehumidification device 9 and
其中，所述密闭生活垃圾筛分与烟气焦油拦截装置6内腔设有管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置7；所述管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置7靠近生活垃圾进料口15的管道上设有筛孔，所述设有筛孔的管道外侧套设筛下物灭菌密闭套管8，所述筛下物灭菌密闭套管8底部设有筛下物灭菌密闭套管出口16。所述管道式分段无轴螺旋生活垃圾筛分输送装置7的截面均为圆形；所述筛下物灭菌密闭套管8的截面均为U形。所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统还包括碱液池11，所述烟气急冷除酸装置4上部设有喷雾口12，所述碱液池11与喷雾口12连通。所述文丘里式活性炭与石灰粉添加装置5是在文丘里的颈管处设置进料口、在扩散管处设置环状碱液喷淋孔。所述热解炉1的烟气管道2设于热解炉1的中下部。Among them, the inner cavity of the airtight domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device 6 is provided with a pipeline segmented shaftless screw domestic garbage screening and conveying
所述小型生活垃圾催化热解处理系统充分利用生活垃圾孔隙率大、CaO的碳酸化反应催化生活垃圾热解气化等特性，使得系统处理效率提高约25%，解决了焦油堵塞烟气管道和处理设施的问题。The small-scale domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system makes full use of the characteristics of the large porosity of domestic waste and the carbonation reaction of CaO to catalyze the pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, which improves the treatment efficiency of the system by about 25%, and solves the problem of tar clogging the flue gas pipeline and causing problems. Deal with facility issues.
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