CN212178879U - Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system - Google Patents
Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212178879U CN212178879U CN202020292817.1U CN202020292817U CN212178879U CN 212178879 U CN212178879 U CN 212178879U CN 202020292817 U CN202020292817 U CN 202020292817U CN 212178879 U CN212178879 U CN 212178879U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system, it is including pyrolysis oven, second combustion chamber, flue gas rapid cooling deacidification device, lime powder interpolation device, airtight domestic waste sieve and flue gas tar intercepting device, high-pressure static deacidification dust removal dehydrating unit and the chimney that communicate in proper order. The utility model discloses it is big according to domestic waste porosity, characteristics such as CaO's carbonation reaction catalysis domestic waste pyrolysis gasification, utilize airtight domestic waste sieve and flue gas tar intercepting device, realize domestic waste's screening, the effective combination of dry and flue gas tar interception, tar is to follow-up processing system jam problem in the effective flue gas of solving, improve system operation stability, the calorific value and follow-up domestic waste pyrolytic reaction temperature that have improved domestic waste simultaneously and produce hydrogen efficiency, effectively reduced in the flue gas tar, pollutants content such as dioxin, the environmental benefit is showing.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system.
Background
In recent years, with increasing demand for nearby treatment of domestic garbage in remote areas with long transportation distance and high transportation risk, such as remote medium and small towns, natural conservation areas and the like, the domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification technology in China has developed to a certain extent, and is gradually replacing the original technologies of sanitary landfill, composting, garbage incineration, power generation and the like. However, from the practical operation of domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification treatment engineering in China, the following problems still exist: the single equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of the household garbage has small treatment scale and relatively low combustible gas yield, and the temperature of subsequent pyrolysis and gasification reaction of part of garbage pyrolysis and gasification treatment facilities is lower (lower than 850 ℃) due to the fact that inorganic components in the garbage are not screened, so that the tar content and the treatment difficulty in the pyrolysis and gasification smoke of the household garbage are increased; in part of projects for treating the pyrolysis and gasification flue gas of the household garbage by adopting a dry method, because tar is not effectively treated, flue gas pipelines and facilities are seriously blocked, the normal operation of the flue gas treatment facilities is influenced, and the environmental risk of flue gas emission is greatly improved.
With the deep implementation of the classification of the household garbage, organic components such as waste paper, waste plastics and the like in the household garbage can be recycled, the organic components in the classified household garbage can be greatly reduced, and the recycling rate of the household garbage can reach more than 35% by the end of 2020. Therefore, the thermal value of the sorted domestic garbage for pyrolysis and gasification treatment is lower, the temperature of the domestic garbage pyrolysis furnace is low, the generation amount and the quality of combustible gas in the domestic garbage pyrolysis process are reduced, the domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification reaction system enters vicious circle, and finally the pyrolysis and gasification facility cannot normally operate due to the thermal value of the domestic garbage, and even stops operation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at to the deep domestic waste calorific value that brings of implementing of domestic waste classification scheme reduce problem and current domestic waste pyrolysis gasification combustible gas productivity low, pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature is low, the big and difficult processing scheduling problem of flue gas tar output leads to the phenomenon that most domestic waste pyrolysis gasification treatment facility can not the steady operation, provide a small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:
the small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1), a secondary combustion chamber (3), a flue gas quenching deacidification device (4), a lime powder adding device (5), a closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6), a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9) and a chimney (10); a flue gas pipeline (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a secondary combustion chamber (3), a flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (3) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a flue gas quenching deacidification device (4), a flue gas outlet of the flue gas quenching deacidification device (4) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5), a flue gas outlet of the Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a closed domestic garbage sieve and a flue gas tar intercepting device (6), the flue gas outlet of the closed domestic garbage sieve and the flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9), and the flue gas outlet of the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9) is communicated with a chimney (10); the device is characterized in that a household garbage feeding hole (15) is formed in one end, far away from the smoke inlet, of the closed household garbage screening and smoke tar intercepting device (6), a household garbage discharging hole (13) is formed in one end, close to the smoke inlet, of the closed household garbage screening and smoke tar intercepting device (6), and the household garbage discharging hole (13) is communicated with a feeding hole (14) of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
Preferably, the inner cavity of the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is provided with a pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device (7); the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral household garbage screening and conveying device (7) is provided with sieve holes on a pipeline close to a household garbage feeding hole (15), the outside of the pipeline provided with the sieve holes is sleeved with an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8), and an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve outlet (16) is formed in the bottom of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8).
Preferably, the sections of the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device (7) are circular; the cross section of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8) is U-shaped.
Preferably, the small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system further comprises an alkaline solution pool (11), the upper part of the flue gas quenching and acid removing device (4) is provided with a spray nozzle (12), and the alkaline solution pool (11) is communicated with the spray nozzle (12).
Preferably, the Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is characterized in that a feed inlet is formed in the neck pipe of the Venturi, and annular alkali liquor spraying holes are formed in the diffusion pipe.
Preferably, the flue gas pipeline (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is arranged at the middle lower part of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
The utility model is further explained by combining the design and the working principle as follows:
the small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system is provided with the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device, a pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device is arranged in the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device, a garbage feeding section is provided with sieve pores, and a discharging section is not provided with sieve pores, so that tar, active carbon and lime powder in flue gas can be effectively intercepted, and the calorific value of the domestic garbage and the production rate of combustible gas of subsequent pyrolysis gasification are improved; a closed sleeve is sleeved outside a sieve pore section of the shaftless spiral, and an undersize disinfection collection hopper is arranged on the inner wall of the garbage feeding end, so that the undersize of the domestic garbage is subjected to high-temperature sterilization treatment and is discharged; that is, the domestic garbage enters the front section of the shaftless screw conveyor with sieve holes on the pipe wall from the outlet of the feed hopper, inorganic particles in the domestic garbage fall into the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve through the sieve holes, and the rest domestic garbage enters the pyrolysis furnace through the rear section of the screw conveyor with no sieve holes on the pipe wall; after the undersize object sterilization closed sleeve completes the function of sterilizing the undersize object at high temperature, the undersize object is scraped out from the outlet of the undersize object sterilization closed sleeve; flue gas enters the pipeline type sectional shaftless spiral household garbage screening and conveying device from the flue gas inlet, high-temperature flue gas and household garbage move in opposite directions in the pipeline type sectional shaftless spiral household garbage screening and conveying device, and the flue gas and the household garbage are in reverse contact and then enter the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device from the flue gas outlet.
In the process of conveying household garbage in the closed type household garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device, components (mainly inorganic matters) with small particle sizes in the garbage are transferred into the closed sleeve through the porous section of the shaftless rolling screen, high-temperature tail gas (the temperature is about 300 ℃) is in direct contact with undersize objects, the undersize objects can be heated to about 200 ℃ to effectively finish high-temperature sterilization and disinfection of the undersize objects of the household garbage, and the sterilized undersize objects are discharged through the undersize object collecting hopper at the feeding end. The components (mainly organic matters) which can not pass through the sieve pores of the shaftless rolling sieve are pushed forwards along with the rolling sieve spiral, and the household garbage can be heated to about 250 ℃ through direct reverse contact with hot flue gas (the residence time of the household garbage is kept at 20 minutes), so that the drying of the household garbage in the device is basically finished. Tar in the hot flue gas,The active carbon, the lime powder and the like are effectively intercepted by the household garbage, wherein the tar and the active carbon improve the heat value of the household garbage, simultaneously the content of tar and dioxin in subsequent flue gas is greatly reduced, the problem of blockage of the tar on a pipeline and a flue gas treatment facility is effectively solved, and the stability of system operation is improved; in addition, the intercepted lime powder and the household garbage enter a subsequent pyrolysis gasification process together, and are subjected to carbonation reaction of CaO (CO in the absorption reaction process)2) Of catalysis H2And the generation of combustible gas increases the heat value of the combustible gas and the pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
(1) effectively intercept tar and improve the stability of system operation. The characteristic that the porosity of the household garbage is large is utilized, the flue gas interception and purification system taking the household garbage as a medium is constructed, the high-efficiency interception of tar is realized in the closed device, the tar entering a follow-up flue gas system is reduced, the fault rate of a pipeline and a flue gas treatment facility caused by blockage is reduced, and the stable operation of the household garbage pyrolysis system is ensured.
(2) High-efficiency catalysis, and high pyrolysis and gasification reaction temperature. By utilizing the carbonation reaction of CaO, CO generated in the process of pyrolysis gasification reaction2Effective absorption is carried out, and H of pyrolysis gasification of household garbage is improved to a certain extent2The yield and the quality of the fuel gas, the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel gas is improved, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction is further increased (more than 850 ℃), and the effective decomposition of pollutants such as dioxin, tar and the like is promoted.
(3) The integrated closed screening and disinfection has obvious garbage treatment efficiency and environmental benefit. The sealed combined device is adopted to effectively separate the components with small and medium particle sizes, so that the amount of the household garbage is reduced, the relative heat value of the household garbage participating in the pyrolysis gasification reaction is improved, and the treatment efficiency of the household garbage is improved; in addition, the high-temperature flue gas is used for directly and thoroughly disinfecting the undersize objects in a closed environment, so that the influence of malodorous gas on the environment is avoided, and the environmental benefit is remarkable.
In a word, small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system utilizes domestic waste porosity big, characteristics such as the carbonation reaction catalytic domestic waste pyrolysis gasification of CaO, through airtight domestic waste sieve and flue gas tar intercepting device, realize domestic waste's screening, the effective combination of dry and flue gas tar interception, tar in the effective solution flue gas blocks up the problem to follow-up processing system, improve system operation stability, the calorific value that has improved domestic waste simultaneously and follow-up domestic waste pyrolytic reaction temperature and hydrogen production efficiency, effectively reduced in the flue gas tar, pollutants content such as dioxin, environmental benefit is showing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the closed domestic garbage screening and smoke tar intercepting device of the utility model.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, 2, a pyrolysis furnace flue gas pipeline, 3, a secondary combustion chamber, 4, a flue gas quenching deacidification device, 5, a Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device, 6, a closed household garbage sieving and flue gas tar intercepting device, 7, a pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral household garbage sieving and conveying device, 8, an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve, 9, a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device, 10, a chimney, 11, an alkali liquor pool, 12, a spray nozzle, 13, a household garbage discharge port, 14, a feed inlet, 15, a household garbage feed inlet, 16 and an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve outlet.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system comprises a pyrolysis furnace 1, a secondary combustion chamber 3, a flue gas quenching and deacidifying device 4, a lime powder adding device 5, a closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device 6, a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device 9 and a chimney 10; the flue gas pipeline 2 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a secondary combustion chamber 3, a flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 3 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a flue gas quenching deacidification device 4, a flue gas outlet of the flue gas quenching deacidification device 4 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a Venturi type active carbon and lime powder adding device 5, a flue gas outlet of the Venturi type active carbon and lime powder adding device 5 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a closed domestic garbage sieve and flue gas tar intercepting device 6, a flue gas outlet of the closed domestic garbage sieve and flue gas tar intercepting device 6 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device 9, and a flue gas outlet of the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dust removal and dehumidification device 9 is communicated with a chimney 10; the closed household garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device 6 is provided with a household garbage feeding hole 15 at one end far away from the flue gas inlet, a household garbage discharging hole 13 at one end close to the flue gas inlet, and the household garbage discharging hole 13 is communicated with a feeding hole 14 of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
Wherein, the inner cavity of the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device 6 is provided with a pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device 7; the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral household garbage screening and conveying device 7 is provided with sieve holes on the pipeline close to the household garbage feeding hole 15, the outside of the pipeline provided with the sieve holes is sleeved with the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve 8, and the bottom of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve 8 is provided with an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve outlet 16. The section of the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device 7 is circular; the cross section of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve 8 is U-shaped. The small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system further comprises an alkali liquor pool 11, the upper part of the flue gas quenching and deacidification device 4 is provided with a spray nozzle 12, and the alkali liquor pool 11 is communicated with the spray nozzle 12. The Venturi type active carbon and lime powder adding device 5 is characterized in that a feed inlet is formed in the neck of a Venturi, and an annular alkali liquor spraying hole is formed in the diffusion pipe. And the flue gas pipeline 2 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is arranged at the middle lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
The small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system makes full use of the characteristics of large porosity of domestic garbage, carbonation reaction of CaO, catalytic pyrolysis and gasification of domestic garbage and the like, so that the treatment efficiency of the system is improved by about 25%, and the problem that tar blocks a flue gas pipeline and a treatment facility is solved.
Claims (6)
1. A small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis furnace (1), a secondary combustion chamber (3), a flue gas quenching deacidification device (4), a lime powder adding device (5), a closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6), a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9) and a chimney (10); a flue gas pipeline (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a secondary combustion chamber (3), a flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (3) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a flue gas quenching deacidification device (4), a flue gas outlet of the flue gas quenching deacidification device (4) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5), a flue gas outlet of the Venturi type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a closed domestic garbage sieve and a flue gas tar intercepting device (6), the flue gas outlet of the closed domestic garbage sieve and the flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9), and the flue gas outlet of the high-voltage electrostatic deacidification, dedusting and dehumidification device (9) is communicated with a chimney (10); the device is characterized in that a household garbage feeding hole (15) is formed in one end, far away from the smoke inlet, of the closed household garbage screening and smoke tar intercepting device (6), a household garbage discharging hole (13) is formed in one end, close to the smoke inlet, of the closed household garbage screening and smoke tar intercepting device (6), and the household garbage discharging hole (13) is communicated with a feeding hole (14) of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
2. The small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the inner cavity of the closed domestic garbage screening and flue gas tar intercepting device (6) is provided with a pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic garbage screening and conveying device (7); the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral household garbage screening and conveying device (7) is provided with sieve holes on a pipeline close to a household garbage feeding hole (15), the outside of the pipeline provided with the sieve holes is sleeved with an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8), and an undersize sterilizing closed sleeve outlet (16) is formed in the bottom of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8).
3. The small-sized domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 2, wherein the cross section of the pipeline type segmented shaftless spiral domestic waste screening and conveying device (7) is circular; the cross section of the undersize sterilizing closed sleeve (8) is U-shaped.
4. The small-sized domestic garbage catalytic pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising an alkali liquor pool (11), wherein the upper part of the flue gas quenching and deacidification device (4) is provided with a spray opening (12), and the alkali liquor pool (11) is communicated with the spray opening (12).
5. The small-sized domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the venturi-type activated carbon and lime powder adding device (5) is provided with a feed inlet at a neck of a venturi and an annular alkali liquor spraying hole at a diffusion pipe.
6. The small-sized domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas duct (2) of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is provided at a middle lower portion of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
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| CN202020292817.1U CN212178879U (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system |
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| CN202020292817.1U CN212178879U (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Small-size domestic waste catalytic pyrolysis processing system |
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