CN112919760B - Municipal sludge and kitchen waste cooperative treatment method and device for household garbage - Google Patents

Municipal sludge and kitchen waste cooperative treatment method and device for household garbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112919760B
CN112919760B CN202110074672.7A CN202110074672A CN112919760B CN 112919760 B CN112919760 B CN 112919760B CN 202110074672 A CN202110074672 A CN 202110074672A CN 112919760 B CN112919760 B CN 112919760B
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flue gas
waste
secondary combustion
garbage
combustion chamber
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CN112919760A (en
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郭文军
孙河生
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Luoyang Zhongke Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Luoyang Zhongke Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Abstract

The method and the device for cooperatively treating the household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage send the household garbage into a pyrolysis gasifier for combustion and decomposition; mixing municipal sludge and kitchen waste to form sludge waste, carrying out thermal hydrolysis treatment on the sludge waste, transferring the sludge waste into an anaerobic fermentation tank for fermentation, using methane generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank as external fuel, precipitating and filtering the methane liquid in the anaerobic fermentation tank, introducing the methane liquid into a quenching tower in a smoke purification system in a spray mode, using the methane liquid as de-cooling water, and carrying out preliminary deacidification on smoke in the quenching tower through weak alkalinity of the de-cooling water. The invention not only solves the problem of solid waste garbage treatment, purifies the environment, but also can recycle waste heat, can supply heat or generate power, and has no wastewater discharge such as biogas slurry and the like, thereby realizing energy recycling.

Description

Municipal sludge and kitchen waste cooperative treatment method and device for household garbage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of garbage disposal and recycling equipment, in particular to a municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative treatment method and device for household garbage.
Background
The treatment of the household garbage, the municipal sludge and the kitchen garbage is an important content of the municipal infrastructure construction of the current town, the reduction, the harmlessness and the recycling of the household garbage, the municipal sludge and the kitchen garbage are important grippers of the government construction of all levels, and the treatment is an important way for changing waste into valuables, saving energy and reducing emission. However, the respective factory construction and treatment has high investment, large occupied area, large energy consumption and serious waste.
The household garbage is generally treated in an incineration mode, and the pyrolysis gasification treatment is a beneficial mode with low investment and low pollution emission. In other related patents such as a household garbage pyrolysis gasification oxygen-enriched secondary combustion low-pollution discharge system disclosed in CN201820326425.5, a garbage pyrolysis gasification combustion furnace disclosed in CN201720755173.3, a pyrolysis gasification system for industrial garbage and sludge disclosed in CN202010382469.1 and the like, a pyrolysis gasification furnace and a secondary combustion furnace are commonly adopted for cooperation. The garbage is decomposed into synthesis gas composed of methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds and the like through a pyrolysis gasifier, the synthesis gas is introduced into a secondary combustion chamber for further combustion and decomposition, and the tail gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being treated by a flue gas purifying device. Because of the low heat value and high moisture content of the garbage, the combustible gas in the synthesis gas generated in the pyrolysis gasification process is difficult to maintain normal combustion of the secondary combustion chamber, or the yield of the synthesis gas is continuously changed, so that the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is reduced to below 850 ℃ to generate a large amount of dioxin. A large amount of supplementary fuel is generally needed for supporting combustion, otherwise, a large amount of dioxin emission is generated, the garbage treatment cost is obviously increased, and the aim of preventing and controlling pollution cannot be fulfilled.
The kitchen waste and municipal sludge commonly adopt anaerobic fermentation technology to generate combustible biogas, and is an effective treatment way at present. However, the treatment/utilization of a large amount of biogas slurry and biogas residue is a troublesome problem when biogas is produced. In a venous industrial garden system using a waste incineration power plant as a core disclosed in CN202010702090.4, a kitchen waste and household garbage incineration power generation cooperative treatment process disclosed in CN201610164888.1 and a kitchen waste and household garbage cooperative treatment method disclosed in CN201911116172.4, biogas slurry enters a wastewater treatment station for purification treatment, or is treated to reach the urban sewage pipe network discharge standard and then is discharged into the urban sewage pipe network, and the biochemical treatment technology for the biogas slurry in the wastewater treatment station is complex, and the investment and the operation cost are higher. In the mixed household garbage sorting harmless treatment system disclosed in CN202011054286.3, part of biogas slurry is used as bacterial liquid to flow back to an anaerobic fermentation tank for recycling, and the other part of biogas slurry is used as water for sprinkling flowers and trees, so that the organic garbage can be completely recycled, and harmful substances are not generated. However, the biogas slurry is difficult to recycle in rural areas, is limited by seasons, transportation and environmental conditions, and especially has high cost in transportation links, so that the recycling of the biogas slurry is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a municipal sludge and kitchen waste cooperative treatment method and device for household waste, which not only solve the problem of solid waste treatment and purify the environment, but also can recycle waste heat, heat supply or power generation, and realize energy recycling without waste water emission such as biogas slurry.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following specific scheme: a domestic garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative treatment method comprises the steps of crushing the domestic garbage, sending the crushed domestic garbage into a pyrolysis gasification furnace, carrying out pyrolysis and gasification combustion to generate synthetic gas and ash, utilizing or burying the ash as solid waste, introducing the synthetic gas into a secondary combustion chamber, burning the synthetic gas at a temperature of above 850 ℃, introducing smoke generated by burning the synthetic gas into a smoke purification system, and discharging the smoke after reaching standards after the smoke purification system processes the smoke; a flue gas waste heat utilization system is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber and the flue gas purification system, combustion air is heated by an air heat exchanger in the flue gas waste heat utilization system, and the heated combustion air is respectively introduced into the pyrolysis gasification furnace and the secondary combustion chamber for combustion supporting; a heat accumulator is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and the heat accumulator absorbs heat generated by combustion of the synthesis gas to maintain a high-temperature state higher than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber; an auxiliary burner is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and the auxiliary burner is used for assisting in maintaining a high-temperature state higher than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber by burning external fuel;
mixing municipal sludge and kitchen waste to form sludge waste, carrying out thermal hydrolysis treatment on the sludge waste, transferring the sludge waste into an anaerobic fermentation tank for fermentation, taking a waste heat boiler in a flue gas waste heat utilization system as a fermentation heat source, using methane generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank as external fuel, precipitating and filtering the methane liquid in the anaerobic fermentation tank, introducing the methane liquid into a quenching tower in a flue gas purification system in a spray mode for use as desuperheating water, controlling the outlet temperature of the quenching tower through the desuperheating water, enabling the temperature of the quenching tower to be rapidly reduced to 200-250 ℃, enabling the flue gas residence time to be less than 1s, carrying out preliminary deacidification on the flue gas in the quenching tower through weak alkalinity of the desuperheating water, and mixing solid matters of the methane liquid precipitation and filtering matters and fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank into household garbage and then delivering the household garbage into a pyrolysis gasification furnace.
Preferably, alkali liquor is sprayed into a semi-dry deacidification tower in the flue gas purification system to further deacidify the flue gas.
Preferably, the solid matters of the domestic garbage and the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters are mixed with the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank according to a proportion and then are sent into the pyrolysis gasification furnace, wherein the weight part ratio of the domestic garbage is 5, and the weight part ratio of the solid matters of the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters to the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.
Preferably, the solid content of sludge garbage formed by mixing municipal sludge and kitchen garbage is 8-18%, and the organic matter content is more than 40%.
Preferably, particles formed by collision of particulate matters in the biogas slurry due to water evaporation are collected at the bottom of the quenching tower, and the particles are sent into a pyrolysis gasifier to be combusted and pyrolyzed to generate the synthesis gas.
The utility model provides a domestic waste, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative processing apparatus, including burning equipment and fermentation equipment, burning equipment includes pyrolysis gasifier, secondary combustion chamber and flue gas purification system, flue gas purification system has the quench tower, semi-dry deacidification tower, sack cleaner and chimney, fermentation equipment includes rubbish preliminary treatment pond, the anaerobic fermentation tank, natural pond gas package and natural pond liquid treatment pond, be equipped with flue gas waste heat utilization system between secondary combustion chamber and flue gas purification system, flue gas waste heat utilization system has the air heat exchanger that does benefit to flue gas heat heating combustion air and utilizes the exhaust-heat boiler of flue gas heat production steam, the combustion air inlet of air heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet air-blower, the combustion air outlet is connected with one end at the tee bend, the remaining both ends of tee bend are connected with combustion-supporting tuber pipe and secondary combustion-supporting tuber pipe respectively, primary combustion-supporting tuber pipe is connected on the rotatory grate of pyrolysis gasifier bottom, secondary combustion-supporting tuber pipe is connected on the secondary combustion chamber;
the top of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a main burner and an auxiliary burner, the main burner is a cyclone burner with an inner cone cyclone and an outer cone cyclone, the inner cone cyclone is connected with the top of the pyrolysis gasifier through an updraft air duct, the outer cone cyclone is connected with a secondary combustion air pipeline, the auxiliary burner is a gun type burner and is inserted in the middle of the main burner, and the auxiliary burner is respectively connected with an external fuel pipeline and the secondary combustion air pipeline;
the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a steam pipeline of the waste heat boiler through a valve to adjust the fermentation temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank through steam generated by the waste heat boiler, the biogas bag is connected with the external fuel pipeline to be used for the auxiliary burner to spray biogas for combustion, the biogas slurry treatment tank is used for precipitating and filtering biogas slurry and leading the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower, a spray gun is arranged in the quenching tower, and the spray gun is used for spraying the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower in an atomization mode.
Preferably, the inlet of the bag-type dust collector is provided with an activated carbon powder adding device.
Preferably, an ash bucket for collecting sedimentation particles is arranged at the bottom of the quenching tower, and a pneumatic conveying mechanism for conveying the sedimentation particles is further arranged between the ash bucket and a feed inlet of the pyrolysis gasification furnace.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the advantages that the device is provided with the incineration device and the fermentation device, the fermentation device ferments municipal sludge and kitchen waste through the anaerobic fermentation tank, the generated biogas is introduced into the biogas bag for storage and is used as an adjustable input energy source in the secondary combustion chamber of the combustion device to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is not lower than 850 ℃ through the combustion of the biogas, and the sufficient decomposition of dioxin is ensured. A small amount of residues which are not suitable for fermentation in the anaerobic fermentation tank are mixed with the household garbage through a conveying device, and enter a pyrolysis gasification furnace along with the household garbage to be fully pyrolyzed and incinerated, so that synthesis gas is further generated. The heat source needed by fermentation in the anaerobic fermentation tank is taken from a waste heat boiler in a secondary combustion chamber flue gas waste heat utilization system in the incineration equipment, so that the recycling is realized. The flue gas waste heat utilization system also comprises an air heat exchanger for heating combustion air, and the combustion air heated by the air heat exchanger is respectively introduced into the pyrolysis gasifier and the secondary combustion chamber for auxiliary combustion, so that the combustion air supply mode of the existing garbage incineration equipment by means of a newly added heat source is optimized, the necessary functional units (newly added heat sources) of the garbage incineration equipment are reduced, and the garbage incineration equipment is further miniaturized. The biogas slurry in the anaerobic fermentation tank is subjected to simple precipitation and filtration treatment for recycling, and is used as a quenching tower for cooling and utilization.
After the biogas slurry in the anaerobic fermentation tank is subjected to precipitation and filtration treatment and sprayed into the quenching tower through the spray gun, the biogas slurry can be used as de-ionized water to control the outlet temperature of the quenching tower, the residence time is less than 1 second in a 500-200 DEG interval, the secondary synthesis of dioxin is avoided, and the biogas slurry has weak alkalinity and a certain deacidification function, so that the quenching tower has a certain deacidification function, the deacidification operation pressure of the subsequent semi-dry deacidification tower is reduced, the use amount of alkali liquid for deacidification is reduced, and the garbage treatment cost is further reduced. After the biogas slurry enters the quenching tower through spraying, organic particles in the biogas slurry are condensed to generate particles due to collision due to evaporation of water, the particles are settled in the quenching tower, and the particles are collected and then sent into the pyrolysis gasification furnace along with the household garbage to burn and release heat and generate synthesis gas, so that the biogas slurry is further fully utilized. Compared with the utilization mode that biogas slurry is subjected to biochemical treatment to reach the discharge standard or subjected to plant irrigation in the prior art, the biogas slurry is fully utilized in the device system, the biochemical treatment and the discharge are not needed, and the sewage treatment pressure is reduced; and in places where biogas slurry utilization is difficult, the land is not required to be irrigated after long-distance pipeline transportation, so that the investment cost of biogas slurry utilization is greatly reduced.
In addition, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a heat accumulator, the heat accumulator is formed by stacking a plurality of refractory bricks at intervals, and a plurality of zigzag combustion channels are formed by gaps among the plurality of refractory bricks. After the heat accumulator is heated by the auxiliary burner, the synthetic gas in the pyrolysis gasification furnace is mixed by the main burner and the secondary combustion-supporting air is sprayed to the heat accumulator to start combustion and decomposition, and the heat accumulator continuously absorbs heat and heats. Because the heat accumulator has higher heat conduction and heat radiation capacity, when the yield of the synthetic gas in the pyrolysis gasification furnace fluctuates and only a small amount of synthetic gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, the high-temperature state of more than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber can be maintained through the continuous heat release of the heat accumulator, and the technical problem that a large amount of dioxin is generated due to rapid cooling in the secondary combustion chamber caused by low yield of the synthetic gas is avoided. Meanwhile, the invention maintains the high temperature state of the secondary combustion chamber through the heat accumulator rather than the auxiliary burner under the fluctuation state of the yield of the synthetic gas, so that the consumption of auxiliary fuel oil is greatly reduced compared with the prior art, and the treatment cost of garbage incineration is reduced.
The multi-combustion duct arrangement of the heat accumulator in the invention makes the synthetic gas forced to flow in a zigzag and winding path along the combustion duct in the secondary combustion chamber before being discharged out of the secondary combustion chamber through the flue gas pipeline. Compared with the direct-up and direct-down type secondary combustion chamber in the prior art, the space in the secondary combustion chamber can be fully utilized, the residence time of the synthesis gas in the secondary combustion chamber is prolonged, the combustion time is prolonged, the combustion is full, and the complete decomposition of dioxin is facilitated.
The multi-combustion pore canal arrangement of the heat accumulator in the invention also ensures that the synthesis gas generates severe gas disturbance due to collision with refractory bricks in the process of flowing through the tortuous and winding combustion pore canal, strengthens the mixing of the synthesis gas and secondary combustion-supporting air, and further ensures that the combustion is full.
The multi-combustion pore canal of the heat accumulator also enables dust carried by the synthetic gas to collide with refractory bricks in the flowing process to generate sedimentation, so that the heat accumulator has certain dust removing capability, and the abrasion and dust removing load of downstream equipment are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow of a household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative treatment method and a structure of a household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative treatment device;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a secondary combustion chamber regenerator portion in a co-processing apparatus for household garbage, municipal sludge, and kitchen waste in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary combustion chamber heat accumulator portion in a co-processing apparatus for household garbage, municipal sludge, and kitchen waste in accordance with the invention;
the marks in the figure: A. 1 of incineration equipment, 1 of pyrolysis gasification furnace, 101 of rotary grate, 2 of secondary combustion chamber, 201 of heat accumulator, 202 of combustion duct, 203 of auxiliary burner, 204 of main burner, 205 of updraft air duct, 206 of refractory brick, 207 of hollow cavity, 208 of refractory cushion block, 3 of flue gas waste heat utilization system, 301 of waste heat boiler, 302 of air intake blower, 303 of air heat exchanger, 304 of secondary combustion air duct, 305 of tee joint, 306 of primary combustion air duct, 4 of flue gas purification system, 401 of chimney, 402 of cloth bag dust remover, 403 of activated carbon powder adding device, 404 of semi-dry deacidification tower, 405 of quench tower, 406 of spray gun, B of fermentation equipment, 5 of garbage pretreatment pool, 6 of anaerobic fermentation tank, 7 of biogas bag, 8 of biogas slurry treatment pool.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the co-processing device for household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage comprises incineration equipment A and fermentation equipment B. The incineration equipment A is the same as a conventional household garbage incineration device and comprises a pyrolysis gasification furnace 1, a secondary combustion chamber 2 and a flue gas purification system 4, wherein the flue gas purification system 4 is provided with a quenching tower 405, a semi-dry deacidification tower 404, a bag-type dust remover 402 and a chimney 401. The household garbage is combusted in the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1 to generate synthetic gas, the synthetic gas is fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 2 to release heat, decompose dioxin and generate smoke, and the smoke is discharged through the chimney 401 after passing through the quenching tower 405, the semi-dry deacidification tower 404 and the bag-type dust remover 402 in sequence after being utilized by waste heat. The flue gas is rapidly cooled by spraying the de-ionized water in the quenching tower 405, so that the secondary synthesis of dioxin due to overlong residence time in the environment of 500-200 ℃ is avoided. In the semi-dry deacidification tower 404, alkaline solution with a certain concentration is sprayed into the flue gas to be fully mixed, so as to remove acidic substances in the flue gas, such as: sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and the like. The fermentation equipment B is also the same as the conventional garbage fermentation equipment B, and comprises a garbage pretreatment tank 5, an anaerobic fermentation tank 6, a biogas bag 7 and a liquid medicine treatment tank 8. Kitchen waste and municipal sludge are mixed and crushed and then enter a waste pretreatment tank 5, and the waste pretreatment tank is subjected to thermal hydrolysis pretreatment to destroy colloid structures, destroy biological sludge cells, release intracellular water, improve dehydration performance and facilitate organic matter hydrolysis. Then the biogas enters an anaerobic fermentation tank 6 for fermentation, the generated biogas is introduced into a biogas bag 7, and the biogas slurry enters a liquid medicine treatment tank 8 for treatment.
Unlike the conventional art, it is:
first, in the incineration apparatus a of the present invention, a flue gas waste heat utilization system 3 is provided between the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas purification system 4, and the flue gas waste heat utilization system 3 has an air heat exchanger 303 that facilitates heating of combustion air by flue gas heat and a waste heat boiler 301 that generates steam by utilizing the flue gas heat. The flue gas discharged by the secondary combustion chamber 2 sequentially passes through the waste heat boiler 301 and the air heat exchanger 303 to be fully beneficial to heat energy and then enters the quenching tower 405 for subsequent treatment. One end of the shell side of the air heat exchanger 303 is connected with an air inlet blower 302, the air inlet blower 302 introduces normal-temperature combustion air into the air heat exchanger 303, and the normal-temperature combustion air absorbs heat of high-temperature flue gas in the air heat exchanger 303 to heat up to form high-temperature combustion air which is discharged from the other end of the shell side. The other end of the shell side is connected with a tee joint 305, the remaining two ends of the tee joint 305 are respectively connected with a primary combustion-supporting air pipe 306 and a secondary combustion-supporting air pipe 304, the primary combustion-supporting air pipe 306 is connected to the rotary grate 101 at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasifier 1, and the secondary combustion-supporting air pipe 304 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 2.
The top of the secondary combustion chamber 2 of the present invention is provided with a main burner 204 and an auxiliary burner 203 for controlling combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 2. The main burner 204 is a conventional form of swirl burner having an inner cone swirler and an outer cone swirler. The inner cone cyclone of the cyclone burner is connected with the top of the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1 through an updraft air duct 205, and the outer cone cyclone is connected with a secondary combustion-supporting air duct 304. The secondary combustion-supporting air in the outer cone cyclone is in a rotating airflow through the tangentially uniformly distributed guide blades, has a strong entrainment effect, can be mixed with the synthetic gas strongly, and is favorable for full combustion. The auxiliary burner 203 is a gun type burner and is inserted in the middle of the main burner 204, and the auxiliary burner 203 is respectively connected with an external fuel and a secondary combustion-supporting air pipe 304 to play roles of ignition and stable combustion.
A heat accumulator 201 is also provided in the secondary combustion chamber 2 below the main burner 204 and the auxiliary burner 203. The heat accumulator 201 is formed by stacking a plurality of refractory bricks 206 at intervals, the refractory bricks 206 are made of silicon carbide, and a plurality of zigzag combustion pore channels 202 are formed in gaps among the refractory bricks 206, so that the synthetic gas is fully combusted through the combustion pore channels 202 and then enters the flue gas waste heat utilization system 3 through a flue gas pipeline. In this embodiment, the refractory bricks 206 are solid structures, as shown in fig. 2, and the stacking manner of the refractory bricks 206 is as follows: the refractory bricks 206 on the same layer are stacked towards the same direction, and the placement directions of two adjacent refractory bricks 206 are vertically distributed. The combustion channels 202 are comprised of stacking gaps between adjacent refractory bricks 206.
In the process of garbage incineration treatment, after the auxiliary burner 203 is used for realizing primary starting ignition and heating the heat accumulator 201 to a set temperature, synthesis gas can be introduced to realize continuous and stable combustion. After the synthetic gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 2, the radiant heat and the convection heat of the entrainment heat accumulator 201 are rapidly ignited, then are mixed with secondary combustion air, and rotate downwards, and multi-return and multi-space combustion is realized through the porous heat accumulator 201. When the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2 exceeds a set value, the air quantity of the primary combustion-supporting air pipe 306 is reduced, and the generation quantity of the synthetic gas is reduced; and meanwhile, the air quantity of the secondary combustion-supporting air pipe 304 is increased, and the high-temperature state of the secondary combustion chamber 2 is maintained. When the yield limit of the synthetic gas fluctuates and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 2 cannot be maintained due to heat release of the heat accumulator 201, the auxiliary burner 203 is started again to maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2, so that the stable and full combustion of the synthetic gas is ensured, and the thorough detoxification of dioxin is ensured.
In other embodiments of the heat accumulator 201 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the hollow cavities 207 of all refractory bricks 206 are distributed in the vertical direction, the hollow cavities 207 of two adjacent layers of refractory bricks 206 are staggered, and a refractory block 208 is disposed between the two adjacent layers of refractory bricks 206, and the refractory block 208 is made of the same material as the refractory bricks 206. The combustion duct 202 is formed by a hollow cavity 207 of the refractory bricks 206 themselves, stacking spaces between the same layers of refractory bricks 206, and gaps between adjacent two sides of refractory bricks 206 isolated by refractory blocks 208. By the arrangement and stacking mode of the hollow refractory bricks 206, the number and tortuosity of the combustion pore channels 202 in unit volume are further improved, the combustion time of the synthetic gas is further prolonged, and better dioxin decomposition and dust fall effects are achieved.
Next, in the fermentation apparatus B of the present invention, the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 is connected to the steam pipe of the waste heat boiler 301 through a valve to adjust the fermentation temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 by the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 301. The biogas bag 7 is connected with the external fuel pipeline for the auxiliary burner 203 to inject biogas for combustion. And the liquid medicine treatment tank 8 is used for precipitating and filtering the biogas slurry and leading the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower 405, a spray gun 406 is arranged in the quenching tower 405, and the spray gun 406 is used for spraying the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower 405 in an atomized form.
The municipal sludge and kitchen waste cooperative treatment method of the invention comprises the following two cooperative steps:
1) And (3) crushing the household garbage, feeding the crushed household garbage into the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1, and generating synthesis gas and ash slag through pyrolysis and gasification combustion. The ash is used as solid waste or is buried, and a very small amount of fly ash is buried after solidification treatment. The synthetic gas is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 2 and burnt at the temperature of above 850 ℃, the flue gas generated by the combustion of the synthetic gas is introduced into the flue gas purification system 4, and the flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through the treatment of the flue gas purification system 4. A flue gas waste heat utilization system 3 is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas purification system 4, combustion air is heated by an air heat exchanger 303 in the flue gas waste heat utilization system 3, and the heated combustion air is respectively introduced into the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 2 for combustion supporting; a heat accumulator 201 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 2, and the heat accumulator 201 absorbs heat generated by combustion of the synthesis gas to maintain a high-temperature state of the secondary combustion chamber 2 higher than 850 ℃; an auxiliary burner 203 is provided in the secondary combustion chamber 2, and the auxiliary burner 203 is assisted to maintain a high temperature state of more than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber 2 by burning external fuel.
2) The kitchen waste and the municipal sludge are mixed according to a certain proportion to form sludge waste, the solid content of the sludge waste formed by mixing the municipal sludge and the kitchen waste is 8-18%, the organic matter content is more than 40%, the organic matter content of the sludge is improved, and the anaerobic fermentation gas production rate is improved. The treatment technology route is summarized as pretreatment, anaerobic fermentation, biogas utilization and biogas residue and biogas slurry treatment, and is specifically as follows:
the sludge garbage is transferred into the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 for fermentation after being subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment, a fermentation heat source adopts a waste heat boiler 301 in the flue gas waste heat utilization system 3, and the fermentation temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 is maintained at 55-58 ℃ by regulating the steam flow through a valve.
Biogas generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 is introduced into the biogas bag 7 for the auxiliary burner 203 to be used as external fuel of a primary starting or stable combustion heat source in the secondary combustion chamber 2.
The biogas slurry in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 is precipitated and filtered, is introduced into a quenching tower 405 in the flue gas purification system 4 in a spray mode and is used as the temperature-reducing water, the outlet temperature of the quenching tower 405 is controlled to be 200-500 ℃ through the temperature-reducing water, the residence time of the flue gas is less than 1s, and the secondary synthesis temperature interval of dioxin is avoided. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry has weak alkalinity and a certain deacidification effect, so that the flue gas can be subjected to preliminary deacidification in the quenching tower 405 through the biogas slurry, and the deacidification operation pressure and the alkali liquid consumption in the subsequent semi-dry deacidification tower 404 are reduced. The bottom of the quenching tower 405 collects particles formed by collision of organic particles in the biogas slurry due to evaporation of water, and the particles are sent into the pyrolysis gasifier 1 to be burned and pyrolyzed to generate synthesis gas.
The solid matters of the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters and the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 are mixed into household garbage and then are sent into the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1. The solid matters of the domestic garbage and the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters are mixed with the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 according to a proportion and then are sent into the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1, wherein the weight part ratio of the domestic garbage is 5, and the weight part ratio of the solid matters of the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters to the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank 6 is 1.

Claims (5)

1. A method for cooperatively treating household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the household garbage is crushed and then sent into a pyrolysis gasification furnace (1), synthesis gas and ash are generated through pyrolysis and gasification combustion, the ash is utilized or landfilled as solid waste, the synthesis gas is introduced into a secondary combustion chamber (2) and burnt at the temperature of more than 850 ℃, flue gas generated by the combustion of the synthesis gas is introduced into a flue gas purification system (4), and the flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through the treatment of the flue gas purification system (4); a flue gas waste heat utilization system (3) is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber (2) and the flue gas purification system (4), combustion air is heated through an air heat exchanger (303) in the flue gas waste heat utilization system (3), and the heated combustion air is respectively introduced into the pyrolysis gasification furnace (1) and the secondary combustion chamber (2) for combustion supporting; a heat accumulator (201) is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber (2), and the heat accumulator (201) absorbs heat generated by the combustion of the synthesis gas to maintain a high-temperature state higher than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber (2); an auxiliary burner (203) is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber (2), and the auxiliary burner (203) is used for assisting in maintaining a high-temperature state higher than 850 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber (2) by burning external fuel; mixing municipal sludge and kitchen waste to form sludge waste, carrying out thermal hydrolysis treatment on the sludge waste, transferring the sludge waste into an anaerobic fermentation tank (6) for fermentation, taking a waste heat boiler (301) in a flue gas waste heat utilization system (3) as a fermentation heat source, using methane generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) as external fuel, precipitating and filtering methane liquid in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6), introducing the methane liquid into a quenching tower (405) in a flue gas purification system (4) in a spray mode, using the methane liquid as de-warming water, controlling the outlet temperature of the quenching tower (405) through the de-warming water, enabling the temperature of the quenching tower to be rapidly reduced to 200-250 ℃, enabling the flue gas retention time to be less than 1s, carrying out preliminary deacidification on the flue gas in the quenching tower (405) through weak alkaline of the de-warming water, and mixing solid matters of the methane liquid precipitation and filtering matters and fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) into household waste, and then delivering the household waste into a pyrolysis gasification furnace (1);
spraying alkali liquor into a semi-dry deacidification tower (404) in the flue gas purification system (4) to further deacidify the flue gas; and collecting particles formed by collision of particulate matters in the biogas slurry due to water evaporation in the bottom of the quenching tower (405), and sending the particles into the pyrolysis gasifier (1) for combustion pyrolysis to generate synthesis gas.
2. The method for cooperatively treating household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the solid matters of the domestic garbage and the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters are mixed with the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) according to the proportion and then are sent into the pyrolysis gasification furnace (1), wherein the weight parts of the domestic garbage are 5 parts, and the weight parts of the solid matters of the biogas slurry sediment and the filtered matters and the fermentation residues in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) are 1 part.
3. The method for cooperatively treating household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the solid content of sludge garbage formed by mixing municipal sludge and kitchen garbage is 8-18%, and the organic matter content is more than 40%.
4. The utility model provides a domestic waste, municipal sludge and kitchen garbage cooperative processing apparatus, including burning equipment (A) and fermentation equipment (B), burn equipment (A) and include pyrolysis gasifier (1), two combustion chamber (2) and flue gas clean-up system (4), flue gas clean-up system (4) have quench tower (405), semi-dry deacidification tower (404), sack cleaner (402) and chimney (401), fermentation equipment (B) include rubbish pretreatment tank (5), anaerobic fermentation tank (6), marsh gas package (7) and marsh liquid treatment tank (8), its characterized in that: a flue gas waste heat utilization system (3) is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber (2) and the flue gas purification system (4), the flue gas waste heat utilization system (3) is provided with a waste heat boiler (301) for generating steam by utilizing flue gas heat and an air heat exchanger (303) beneficial to heating combustion air by the flue gas heat, a combustion air inlet of the air heat exchanger (303) is connected with an air inlet blower (302), a combustion air outlet is connected with one end of a tee joint (305), the remaining two ends of the tee joint (305) are respectively connected with a primary combustion air pipe (306) and a secondary combustion air pipe (304), the primary combustion air pipe (306) is connected to a rotary grate (101) at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasifier (1), and the secondary combustion air pipe (304) is connected to the secondary combustion chamber (2); a main burner (204) and an auxiliary burner (203) are arranged at the top of the secondary combustion chamber (2), the main burner (204) is a cyclone burner with an inner cone cyclone and an outer cone cyclone, the inner cone cyclone is connected with the top of the pyrolysis gasifier (1) through an updraft air duct (205), the outer cone cyclone is connected with a secondary combustion-supporting air duct (304), the auxiliary burner (203) is a gun type burner and is inserted in the middle of the main burner (204), and the auxiliary burner (203) is respectively connected with an external fuel duct and the secondary combustion-supporting air duct (304); the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) is connected with a steam pipeline of the waste heat boiler (301) through a valve to regulate the fermentation temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank (6) through steam generated by the waste heat boiler (301), the biogas bag (7) is connected with the external fuel pipeline to be used for jetting biogas for combustion by the auxiliary burner (203), the biogas slurry treatment tank (8) is used for precipitating and filtering biogas slurry and introducing the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower (405), a spray gun (406) is arranged in the quenching tower (405), and the spray gun (406) is used for jetting the liquid biogas slurry into the quenching tower (405) in an atomization mode;
an active carbon powder adding device (403) is arranged at the inlet of the bag-type dust collector (402).
5. The co-processing apparatus of household garbage, municipal sludge and kitchen waste according to claim 4, wherein: an ash bucket for collecting sedimentation particles is arranged at the bottom of the quenching tower (405), and a pneumatic conveying mechanism for conveying sedimentation particles is also arranged between the ash bucket and the feed inlet of the pyrolysis gasification furnace (1).
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