CN107739194B - 一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107739194B
CN107739194B CN201711084327.1A CN201711084327A CN107739194B CN 107739194 B CN107739194 B CN 107739194B CN 201711084327 A CN201711084327 A CN 201711084327A CN 107739194 B CN107739194 B CN 107739194B
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喻国光
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料及其制备方法，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡2‑4份、石蜡1.5‑2.6份、油脂0.7‑1.2份、正硅酸四乙酯4‑8份、偶联剂1.2‑2.5份、无水乙醇8‑15份、长石粉11‑17份、海泡石粉10‑16份、高岭土20‑28份、草木灰6‑10份、二氧化硅30‑45份、硅酸锆3‑5份、三聚磷酸钠2‑6份、五氧化二磷0.8‑2份、氧化锌5‑9份、异氰酸酯1.6‑3份、硅溶胶11‑15份、金属纤维2‑4份和聚醚酰胺1‑1.5份。本发明中通过先制备胚体，然后在胚体表面镶嵌金属纤维，然后在半成品表面旋涂涂料，最后分两步进行烧结，使得各原料之间发挥相互作用，制备的成品吸附性能好，有利于人们对污水进行处理。

Description

一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷领域，具体是一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料。
背景技术
随着中国经济的快速发展，工业化和城市化进程的加快，环境污染和资源短缺问题日益显现。根据住房和城乡建设部的统计，截止2012年2月份，我国城镇污水处理厂设计规模已达到1.4亿m3/d，城镇污水处理厂数量有3184座，实际处理量已经达到1.12亿m3/d，污水中含有对土地和人体有害各种污染物，人们对污水采用各种方法进行处理。物理法、化学药剂法和生物法是常用的方式，化学药剂法虽然可以减少污水中的污染物，但是化学药剂会造成二次污染，生物法的设备占地面积大，处理速度慢，这都给人们带来了困扰。
随着科技的发展和人们研究的深入，陶瓷滤料在污水处理中的应用得到重视。人们为了增加陶瓷滤料的吸附能力，人们在制备陶瓷滤料时会采用各种方法对陶瓷进行加工，但是目前达到的效果仍然达不到人们的预期。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡2-4份、石蜡1.5-2.6份、油脂0.7-1.2份、正硅酸四乙酯4-8份、偶联剂1.2-2.5份、无水乙醇8-15份、长石粉11-17份、海泡石粉10-16份、高岭土20-28份、草木灰6-10份、二氧化硅30-45份、硅酸锆3-5份、三聚磷酸钠2-6份、五氧化二磷0.8-2份、氧化锌5-9份、异氰酸酯1.6-3份、硅溶胶11-15份、金属纤维2-4份和聚醚酰胺1-1.5份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：油脂采用棕榈油、松油和柴油中的至少一种，金属纤维采用不锈钢纤维、铝纤维、铜纤维、锌纤维和锡纤维中的一种或者几种的混合物。
作为本发明进一步的方案：异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯中的一种，偶联剂采用硅烷偶联剂。
所述用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、油脂、硅溶胶、异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和24-36摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在60-75摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在75-90摄氏度、真空度为0.06-0.15Mpa的条件下以4500-6000rpm的转速分散12-18分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中50-80分钟，然后将浸泡后的金属纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，在60-75摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，即可得到成品。
作为本发明进一步的方案：旋涂转速为1500-2100rpm，旋涂时间为20-40秒。
作为本发明进一步的方案：烧结包括两步烧结，第一步烧结为450-530摄氏度保温8-14小时，第二步烧结为800-860摄氏度保温15-24小时。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明原料来源广泛，制备工艺简单，适合于大规模的工业化生产；本发明中通过先制备胚体，然后在胚体表面镶嵌金属纤维，然后在半成品表面旋涂涂料，最后分两步进行烧结，使得各原料之间发挥相互作用，制备的成品使用寿命和使用强度高，吸附性能好，有利于人们对污水进行处理。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡2份、石蜡1.5份、油脂0.7份、正硅酸四乙酯4份、偶联剂1.2份、无水乙醇8份、长石粉11份、海泡石粉10份、高岭土20份、草木灰6份、二氧化硅30份、硅酸锆3份、三聚磷酸钠2份、五氧化二磷0.8份、氧化锌5份、异氰酸酯1.6份、硅溶胶11份、金属纤维2份和聚醚酰胺1份。油脂采用棕榈油和柴油的混合物，金属纤维采用不锈钢纤维、锌纤维和锡纤维的混合物。
所述用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、油脂、硅溶胶、异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和32摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在65摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在80摄氏度、真空度为0.09Mpa的条件下以4800rpm的转速分散15分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中60分钟，然后将浸泡后的金属纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，在66摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，即可得到成品。
实施例2
一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡3.2份、石蜡1.8份、油脂0.9份、正硅酸四乙酯6份、硅烷偶联剂1.8份、无水乙醇11份、长石粉14份、海泡石粉13份、高岭土24份、草木灰7份、二氧化硅38份、硅酸锆3.5份、三聚磷酸钠4份、五氧化二磷1.4份、氧化锌6份、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯2.1份、硅溶胶13份、金属纤维3份和聚醚酰胺1.4份
所述用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、油脂、硅溶胶、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和35摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在70摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、硅烷偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在80摄氏度、真空度为0.13Mpa的条件下以5200rpm的转速分散15分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中70分钟，然后将浸泡后的金属纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，旋涂转速为1800rpm，旋涂时间为32秒，在68摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，即可得到成品。
实施例3
一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡3.5份、石蜡2.5份、棕榈油1.1份、正硅酸四乙酯7.5份、偶联剂2.2份、无水乙醇14份、长石粉16份、海泡石粉15份、高岭土26份、草木灰9份、二氧化硅42份、硅酸锆4.5份、三聚磷酸钠5份、五氧化二磷1.6份、氧化锌8份、异氰酸酯2.6份、硅溶胶14份、铝纤维3.6份和聚醚酰胺1.2份。
所述用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、棕榈油、硅溶胶、异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和35摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在72摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在88摄氏度、真空度为0.13Mpa的条件下以5400rpm的转速分散16分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中75分钟，然后将浸泡后的铝纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，在70摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，烧结包括两步烧结，第一步烧结为480摄氏度保温12小时，第二步烧结为830摄氏度保温19小时，即可得到成品。
实施例4
一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡4份、石蜡2.6份、油脂1.2份、正硅酸四乙酯8份、硅烷偶联剂2.5份、无水乙醇15份、长石粉17份、海泡石粉16份、高岭土28份、草木灰10份、二氧化硅45份、硅酸锆5份、三聚磷酸钠6份、五氧化二磷2份、氧化锌9份、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯3份、硅溶胶15份、金属纤维4份和聚醚酰胺1.5份。油脂采用棕榈油、松油和柴油的混合物，金属纤维采用不锈钢纤维、铝纤维、铜纤维、锌纤维和锡纤维的混合物。
所述用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、油脂、硅溶胶、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和36摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在66摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、硅烷偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在80摄氏度、真空度为0.14Mpa的条件下以6000rpm的转速分散16分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中75分钟，然后将浸泡后的金属纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，旋涂转速为2100rpm，旋涂时间为30秒，在70摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，烧结包括两步烧结，第一步烧结为520摄氏度保温12小时，第二步烧结为840摄氏度保温21小时，即可得到成品。
本发明在陶瓷胚体表面添加金属纤维制备半成品，增加胚体的韧性和使用强度；然后在半成品表面旋涂涂料，使得成品表面的吸附性能大大改善，产品的使用寿命长，更有利于人们对污水进行吸附处理。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：氧化锡2-4份、石蜡1.5-2.6份、油脂0.7-1.2份、正硅酸四乙酯4-8份、偶联剂1.2-2.5份、无水乙醇8-15份、长石粉11-17份、海泡石粉10-16份、高岭土20-28份、草木灰6-10份、二氧化硅30-45份、硅酸锆3-5份、三聚磷酸钠2-6份、五氧化二磷0.8-2份、氧化锌5-9份、异氰酸酯1.6-3份、硅溶胶11-15份、金属纤维2-4份和聚醚酰胺1-1.5份；用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法如下：
步骤一，将正硅酸四乙酯、油脂、硅溶胶、异氰酸酯和聚醚酰胺在惰性气体保护氛围和24-36摄氏度下混合均匀并且加入催化剂，然后在60-75摄氏度下反应，得到涂料；
步骤二，将海泡石粉、氧化锡、石蜡、偶联剂、长石粉、高岭土、草木灰、二氧化硅、硅酸锆、三聚磷酸钠、五氧化二磷和氧化锌加入高速分散机中，高速分散机在75-90摄氏度、真空度为0.06-0.15Mpa的条件下以4500-6000rpm的转速分散12-18分钟，得到混合料；
步骤三，将混合料放入模具中，由冷等静压机成型，得到胚体，将金属纤维浸泡在无水乙醇中50-80分钟，然后将浸泡后的金属纤维和胚体放在研磨机中研磨，通过研磨机的碾压使得金属纤维镶嵌至胚体表面，得到半成品；
步骤四，将涂料旋涂至半成品表面，在60-75摄氏度下烘干，然后在马弗炉内烧结，即可得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，其特征在于，所述油脂采用棕榈油、松油和柴油中的至少一种，金属纤维采用不锈钢纤维、铝纤维、铜纤维、锌纤维和锡纤维中的一种或者几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯中的一种，偶联剂采用硅烷偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述旋涂转速为1500-2100rpm，旋涂时间为20-40秒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于污水处理的陶瓷滤料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结包括两步烧结，第一步烧结为450-530摄氏度保温8-14小时，第二步烧结为800-860摄氏度保温15-24小时。
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