CN107675479B - 一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107675479B
CN107675479B CN201711006173.4A CN201711006173A CN107675479B CN 107675479 B CN107675479 B CN 107675479B CN 201711006173 A CN201711006173 A CN 201711006173A CN 107675479 B CN107675479 B CN 107675479B
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范杰
李彩侠
齐园园
苗君萍
刘雍
王亮
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法。该制备方法首先用非绝缘液体将丙纶织物浸润，然后置于电磁感应器的上下极板间，经电磁场处理一定时间后，将丙纶织物取自然风干，即得到电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。本发明通过物理改性作用降低丙纶织物表面能制备具有油水分析功能的超疏水/超亲油材料，具有工艺简单、能耗少、成本低廉、高效环保的特点。所得电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物性能稳定、油水分离效率高、可重复利用，可应用于工业油水分离处理等领域。

Description

一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法，属于纺织材料与纺织工程技术领域。
背景技术
超疏水表面是指水滴静态接触角大于150°，滚动角小于10°的表面。当水滴接触超疏水表面时，水滴不能湿润表面而呈小球形态滚走，同时滚动的水滴可带走表面的泥土、灰尘等亲水性物质，赋予了超疏水表面的“自清洁”功能。荷叶表面就是一个典型的、自然形成的超疏水表面，它的超疏水特性赋予了荷叶出淤泥而不染的特性。
近年来，超疏水/超亲油材料引起了广泛的研究兴趣，并广泛应用于油水分离领域。此类材料展现出对水和油相反的湿润性，当油水混合物接触该表面时，油可以迅速通过，而水则会被阻挡在表面，从而达到分离的效果。
文献(Fluorine-Free Superhyd rophobic Coatings with pH-inducedWettability Transition for Controllable Oil-Water Separation.ACS APPLIEDMATERIALS&INTERFACES.2016，8，5661-5667)报道了一种自愈合超疏水涂层材料，该材料以棉织物为基材，引入聚氟烷基硅烷作为疏水单体，具有超疏水/超亲油性和良好的油水分离效果。
中国发明专利CN103357196A公开了一种通过将羟基硅油、有机锡、钛酸酯、甲苯、纳米二氧化硅等材料聚合得到的有机硅/二氧化硅共聚物通过浸图-提拉方式与聚合物纤维滤布结合制备具有超疏水和超亲油功能油水分离网的方法。
中国发明专利CN101518695A公开了一种通过在织物表面涂覆有机硅共聚物制备具有超疏水和超亲油功能的油水分离网膜及其制备方法，该方法中有机硅共聚物的制备反应分两步进行，其中包括在80℃-100℃进行催化反应和在100℃-120℃进行性炭进行脱色处理。
中国发明专利CN101708384A公开了一种将金属网在PH为0.1～6.5酸性溶液中进行化学刻蚀，再涂一层不含氟的低表面能物质来制得用于油水分离的网膜的方法。
虽然上述技术都能成功制备出可用于油水分离的材料，但大多采用化学功能性整理的方式赋予材料油水分离的功能性，所有试剂包括含氟和有机硅类化合物及有机锡等有害化学物质，存在工艺复杂、能耗大、成本高和环境污染的弊端。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物及其制备方法。该方法制备的超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物对水的接触角大于150°，对油的接触角为0°，适用于分离水与食用油、甲苯、二甲苯、异辛烷等的混合物。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：室温下，将丙纶织物用非绝缘液体浸润，而后置于电磁感应器的上下极板间，经电磁场处理一定时间后，将丙纶织物取自然风干，得到超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。
所述丙纶织物优选为：机织织物、针织织物、非织织物。
所述非绝缘液体优选为：自来水，盐水，蒸馏水，去离子水。
所述电磁场处理时间优选为：2-3分钟。
本发明通过对非绝缘液体浸润的丙纶织物在电磁场的物理改性作用下改变丙纶织物的表面能制备超疏水/超亲油材料。制备方法成本低、能耗少、高效环保无污染。所得超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物具有性能稳定、油水分离效率高、可重复利用的特点。
附图说明
图1a为本发明实施例1制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物对自来水的接触角照片；
图1b为本发明制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物对食用油的接触角照片；
图2为水和食用油分别与本发明制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物接触的照片；
图3a为本发明制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物进行油水分离前的照片；
图3b为本发明制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物进行油水分离后的照片
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但是本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
室温下，将300D/48F机织丙纶长丝方平织物用自来水浸湿后夹持在电磁感应器上下极板间，经电磁场处理120s后，将丙纶织物取出自然风干后即可得到电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。
图1a为本发明实施例1制备的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物对自来水的接触角照片，图1b为该织物对食用油的接触角照片，自来水在丙纶织物表面的接触角为150.2°，食用油在丙纶织物表面的接触角为0°，该丙纶织物表面具有超疏水/超亲油性。
将制得的电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物剪成长为5cm，宽为2.5cm的椭圆形，置于两个夹具中间，夹紧密封，夹具上下端均接有塑料管，底部放置一个烧杯，从上夹具管倒入1∶1的食用油与水的混合物，食用油会快速通过丙纶织物滴入烧杯中，而水会阻滞在上夹具管内。图3为本发明实施例1制备电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物的油水分离效果图。该超电磁感应式疏水/超亲油丙纶织物可以高效快速地分离包括食用油、甲苯、二甲苯和异辛烷等油水混合物，并且可以多次重复分离。
实施例2
室温下，将450D/50F机织丙纶针织物用盐水浸湿后夹持在电磁感应器上下极板间，经电磁场处理150s后，将丙纶织物取出自然风干后即可得到电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。
自来水在该丙纶织物表面的接触角丙纶织物表面的接触角为158.1°，甲苯该织物表面的接触角为0°，该丙纶织物表面具有超疏水/超亲油性。该电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物可以高效快速地分离包括食用油、甲苯、二甲苯和异辛烷等油水混合物，并且可以多次重复分离，并且耐高温，耐酸碱，具有较好的稳定性。
实施例3
室温下，将300D/48F针织丙纶长丝平纹织物用蒸馏水浸湿后夹持在电磁感应器上下极板间，经电磁场处理180s后，将丙纶织物取出自然风干后即可得到电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。
自来水在该丙纶织物表面的接触角为152.6°，二甲苯在该织物表面的接触角为0°，该丙纶织物表面具有超疏水/超亲油性。该电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物可以高效快速地分离包括食用油、甲苯、二甲苯和异辛烷等油水混合物，并且可以多次重复分离。
实施例4
室温下，将水刺丙纶非织造布用去离子水浸湿后夹持在电磁感应器上下极板间，经电磁场处理120s后，将丙纶非织布取出自然风干后即可得到电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物。
自来水在该丙纶织物表面的接触角为151.4°，异辛烷在该织物表面的接触角为0°，该丙纶织物表面具有超疏水/超亲油性。该电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物可以高效快速地分离包括食用油、甲苯、二甲苯和异辛烷等油水混合物，并且可以多次重复分离。

Claims (4)

1.一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，该制备方法是将丙纶织物用非绝缘液体浸润，而后置于电磁感应器的上下极板间，经电磁场处理一定时间后，将丙纶织物自然风干，得到超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物，所得超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物对水的接触角大于150°，对油的接触角为0°，适用于分离水与食用油、甲苯、二甲苯、异辛烷等的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的丙纶织物为机织织物、针织织物、非织织物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的非绝缘液体为自来水，盐水，蒸馏水，去离子水。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种电磁感应式超疏水/超亲油丙纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的电磁场处理一定时间的时间范围为2-3分钟。
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