CN107663550A - 非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法 - Google Patents
非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,它确立了非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,含有三个技术要点:①确立了核酸检测所需要的引物序列;②确立了检测反应种类;③确立了检测反应体系和反应条件。该非洲猪瘟病毒磷酸测序方法可以用于非洲猪瘟病毒科学研究,也可以用于动物的临床诊断检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物病原检测技术领域,涉及一种采用焦磷酸测序(Pyrosequencing)技术检测非洲猪瘟病毒的方法,在科学研究和兽医临床诊断上有较大的使用价值。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fevervirus,ASFV)引起猪的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,主要感染家猪、野猪和软蜱。其临床症状表现为高热、皮肤充血、流产及脏器出血,致死率高达100%,已在非洲、欧洲和美洲等的数十个国家有过流行,并且有继续向世界各国蔓延的趋势。
该病的实验室检测方法有病毒分离、PCR、ELISA抗体检测、间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFA)等。病毒分离是最可靠的确诊方法,但是耗时长,工作繁琐。PCR方法特异性很高、检测成本低,但敏感性较差。ELISA抗体检测容易出现假阳性等等。焦磷酸测序(Pyrosequencing)技术是新一代DNA序列分析技术,该技术无须进行电泳,DNA片段也无须荧光标记,是一种通用型技术平台。该技术具有操作简便、检测成本低、所需样品量小、快捷、准确、高通量等特点,符合临床大样本检测要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种非洲猪瘟病毒P72基因的焦磷酸测序技术检测确证方法,以克服现有检测技术的不足。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的主要原理是利用焦磷酸测序技术,通过测序引物和聚合酶链式反应扩增单链脱氧核糖核酸模板杂交,与脱氧核糖核酸聚合酶、腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP)硫酸化酶、荧光素酶、三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶和底物(APS)、荧光素孵育,逐一加入四种三磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸(dNTPs):三磷酸腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸dATP、三磷酸胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸dTTP、三磷酸胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸dCTP、三磷酸鸟嘌呤脱氧核苷酸dGTP,如与模板配对,此三磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸与引物的末端形成共价键,释放焦磷酸基团(PPi);腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP)硫酸化酶在底物(APS)存在的情况下催化焦磷酸形成腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸,腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸驱动荧光素酶介导的荧光素向氧化荧光素转化,氧化荧光素发出与腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸量成正比的可见光信号;光信号由电荷耦合器件(CCD)收集并由软件转化为峰;每个光信号的峰高与反应中掺入的核苷酸数目成正比,腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸和未掺入的三磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸由三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶降解,淬灭光信号,并再生反应体系,利用光信号转化得到的峰图,对样品中的目标基因进行准确的检测。
附图说明:
图1是PCR扩增引物特异性实验结果电泳图,图中, M:2000 bp ladder marker;1:PCR扩增结果;2:阴性对照。图2、图3是焦磷酸测序结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例,说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不限于这个实施例。
本实施焦磷酸测序技术检测非洲猪瘟病毒的方法,包括下列步骤:
首先依据非洲猪瘟病毒P72基因为模板,在特定位点进行定点突变以区分野毒株,以防污染导致假阳性。由生物公司合成上述cDNA模板序列并克隆至PUC57,获得重组质粒PUC57-ASFV-P72-250。质粒PUC57-ASFV-P72-250稀释定量之后于-80℃冻存,用作标准品。然后以非洲猪瘟病毒P72基因的特异性引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增;用琼脂糖凝胶电泳对扩增产物进行检测,若引物扩增片段长度为250bp,则制备焦磷酸测序单链模板,再进行焦磷酸测序反应,最后根据PCR扩增结果和焦磷酸测序结果来判定样品中是否含有非洲猪瘟病毒。
设计的焦磷酸测序技术检测分几种猪瘟病毒的引物:
上游引物(ASFV-250F):5'- CTGCTCATGGTATCAATCTTATCGA -3';
下游引物(ASFV-250R-Bio):5' Bio- GATACCACAAGATCAGCCGT -3',5’进行生物素标记;
测序引物(ASFV-250-Seq):5'- CCACGGGAGGAATACCAACCCAGTG -3'
具体包括下列步骤:
1.PCR扩增
以定量保存的标准品为模板进行PCR扩增: Super Mix混合液20μL、ASFV-250F(10 (M)1 μL、ASFV-250R-Bio(10 (M)1 μL、标准品模板3μL,总体系25µL。95ºC预变性5 min; 94ºC变性30s,55ºC退火30S,72ºC延伸30s,扩增45个循环;最后72℃补充延伸7min。结果用1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,PCR产物胶回收后进行浓度测定。
2. 焦磷酸单链模板制备
将PCR产物45µL转移至加有Sepharose beads 3 µLl和Binding Buffer 47 µL的96孔PCR板中,常温混匀10 min。打开真空泵,依次将Vacuum Prep Tool在超纯水中清洗30 S、在96孔PCR板中抓取Sepharose beads,随后分别在70%乙醇、Denaturation Buffer、WashingBuffer中清洗5~10 s,再将其放人预先加入0.3 µmol/L测序引物和Annealing Buffer(共45µL)的PSQ96孔板中充分震荡摇动释放Sepharose beads。
3. 焦磷酸测序反应
将放有样品的PSQ96孔板80℃孵育2 min,冷却至室温后进行焦磷酸测序反应。将酶混合物、底物混合物和四类核苷酸(A、T、C和G)分别加入试剂舱固定位置。设定程序,将试剂舱和PSQ96孔板放入PSQ TM 96 MD Sys tem仪器中进行测序反应。根据PSQTM 96MA System仪器的软件说明在试剂舱中分别加入的底物APS、dNTP和酶混合物( DNA聚合酶、荧光素酶、ATP硫酸化酶和三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶);然后将试剂舱和PSQ 96板放入,进行Pyrosequencing反应。
敏感性试验
用优化好的PCR反应条件进行扩增,取5µL扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,并进行浓度测定。将PCR产物进行2倍、4倍、8倍、16倍、32倍、64倍、128倍、256倍稀释后,进行焦磷酸测序反应,确定试验的敏感性。
重复性试验
将扩增的PCR产物分别进行3次焦磷酸测序,比较每次测得的序列结果,确定试验的重复性和稳定性。
Claims (7)
1.非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于先进行引物设计,设计非洲猪瘟病毒的特异性引物及焦磷酸测序引物,再制备标准品,用特异性引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR),通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物,若特异性引物扩增片段长度为250bp,则制备焦磷酸测序单链模板,进行焦磷酸测序反应,最后根据PCR扩增结果和焦磷酸测序结果判定样品中是否含有非洲猪瘟病毒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的引物设计:选取西尼罗病毒E基因序列,根据MEGA软件的核苷酸序列比对结果,设计上游引物、下游引物和测序引物,上游引物、下游引物扩增片段长度为250bp,引物序列分别为:
上游引物(ASFV-250F):5'-CTGCTCATGGTATCAATCTTATCGA-3';
下游引物(ASFV-250R-Bio):5'Bio-GATACCACAAGATCAGCCGT-3',5’进行生物素标记;
测序引物(ASFV-250-Seq):5'-CCACGGGAGGAATACCAACCCAGTG-3'。
3.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,以定量保存的标准品为模板进行PCR扩增:Super Mix混合液20μL、ASFV-250F(10(M)1μL、ASFV-250R-Bio(10(M)1μL、标准品模板3μL,总体系25μL。95℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,55℃退火30S,72℃延伸30s,扩增45个循环;最后72℃补充延伸7min。结果用1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,PCR产物胶回收后进行浓度测定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的PCR扩增产物电泳检测:取1.5g琼脂糖于100ml电泳缓冲液中加热,充分熔化,加入核酸染料Gold View至终浓度为0.5μg/ml,制成1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶胶;将5μL PCR产物与适量加样缓冲液混合,点样,5V/cm恒压电泳,直至溴酚蓝指示剂迁移至凝胶中部;凝胶成像仪观察电泳结果。PCR产物经凝胶成像观察无杂带,大小正确约250bp,可用于后期测序检测。PCR产物胶回收后进行浓度测定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的制备焦磷酸测序单链模板是将PCR产物45μL转移至加有Sepharose beads 3μLl和Binding Buffer47μL的96孔PCR板中,常温混匀10min。打开真空泵,依次将Vacuum Prep Tool在超纯水中清洗30S、在96孔PCR板中抓取Sepharose beads,随后分别在70%乙醇、DenaturationBuffer、Washing Buffer中清洗5~10s,再将其放人预先加入0.3μmol/L测序引物和Annealing Buffer(共45μL)的PSQ96孔板中充分震荡摇动释放Sepharose beads。将样品置于80℃烘箱2min,再冷却至室温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的焦磷酸测序反应是在28℃下于焦磷酸测序仪PyroMark ID上检测,根据指示图及提示将酶混合物、底物混合物和四类核苷酸(A、T、C和G)分别加入试剂舱固定位置。设定程序,将试剂舱和PSQ96孔板放入PSQ TM 96MD Sys tem仪器中进行测序反应。根据PSQTM 96MA System仪器的软件说明在试剂舱中分别加入的底物APS、dNTP和酶混合物(DNA聚合酶、荧光素酶、ATP硫酸化酶和三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶);然后将试剂舱和PSQ 96板放入,进行Pyrosequencing反应。加样使用600mbar/8msec的加样压力和时间,每轮反应时间65s;引物链随着不同三磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸(dNTP)的加入而延伸,随着核酸的结合,CCD摄像机检测到发出的光信号。
7.根据权利要求1所述的非洲猪瘟病毒焦磷酸测序方法,其特征在于所述的根据PCR扩增结果和焦 磷酸测序结果判定样品中是否含有非洲猪瘟病毒,若PCR产物经电泳检测未见250bp扩增片段,则样品中不含非洲猪瘟病毒,若PCR产物经电泳检测出现250bp扩增片段,则进行焦磷酸测序分析;若测序结果与序列相符则被检样品中含有非洲猪瘟病毒。
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