CN107624057B - 具有可膨胀外围储器的变曲率型可调节眼内晶状体 - Google Patents
具有可膨胀外围储器的变曲率型可调节眼内晶状体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种眼内晶状体(10)包括:可变形外壳(14),所述外壳具有远端和近端(40);流体光学器件(30),所述流体光学器件具有至少一个弹性膜表面(24),所述弹性膜表面被定位成横穿患者眼睛的光轴并且至少部分地限定内室(12)以容纳光学流体;以及与所述流体光学器件相关联的内壳(16),所述内壳具有远端和近端(44)。每个端连结至所述外壳的对应端以在所述内壳与所述外壳之间限定储器(20),所述储器至少部分地围绕所述流体光学器件的圆周布置并且与所述内室处于流体连通。所述可变形外壳被配置成在所述囊袋被轴向压缩时以增大所述储器的容积并且将流体从所述室吸入所述储器中的方式变形,从而修改所述弹性膜的曲率。
Description
技术领域
本披露总体上涉及眼内晶状体(IOL)领域并且更具体地涉及可调节IOL。
背景技术
人眼就其最简单的方面而言功能是通过接收透过被称为角膜的透明外部部分的光、并通过晶状体将图像聚焦至视网膜上来提供视觉。聚焦的图像的品质取决于许多因素,包括眼睛的大小和形状、以及角膜和晶状体的透明度和焦度。
当年龄增长或疾病致使晶状体变得透明度减小时,由于传输到视网膜的光量减少而导致视力下降。眼睛晶状体的这种缺陷在医学上称为白内障。对于这种情况所接受的治疗是手术去除晶状体和用人造眼内晶状体(IOL)来代替晶状体功能。
在美国,大多数白内障晶状体通过被称为晶状体乳化术的手术技术来去除。在这个过程中,在前囊中形成开口并且将薄的晶状体乳化切割尖端插入患病晶状体中并进行超声波振动。所述振动切割尖端将晶状体液化或乳化,从而使得可以从眼睛中吸出所述晶状体。所述患病晶状体一旦被去除就用人造晶状体来代替。
在天然晶状体中,通过被称为调节的机理来提供视远和视近的双焦点。天然晶状体在生命早期是柔软的并且容纳在囊袋内。所述囊袋通过悬韧带悬挂在睫状肌上。睫状肌的松弛施加了轴向力,所述轴向力将这些悬韧带拉紧并且使囊袋伸长。由此,天然晶状体倾向于变扁平。睫状肌的拉紧放松了悬韧带上的张力,从而允许囊袋和天然晶状体呈现更圆的形状。以此方式,天然晶状体可以聚焦在近处和远处物体上。
随着晶状体的老化,它变得较硬、并且不太能够响应于睫状肌的移动来改变形状。这使晶状体更难聚焦在近处物体上,这种医学症状被称为老花眼。老花眼几乎影响所有45岁或50岁的成年人。
当白内障或其他疾病需要去除天然晶状体并替换成人造IOL时,IOL典型地是单焦点晶状体,所述单焦点晶状体针对视远提供合适的焦距、但针对视近需要使用一副眼镜或隐形眼镜。已经提出了例如依赖于关于一般多个焦点的衍射图案的多焦点IOL,但迄今尚未被广泛接受。
因此,需要一种安全且稳定的、在广泛且有用的范围内提供调节以及可调基本焦度的可调节眼内晶状体。
发明内容
本披露总体上涉及变曲率型可调节眼内晶状体(IOL)。在某些实施例中,在此所描述的IOL被设计成使得,在植入患者眼睛的囊袋中时,囊袋的轴向压缩在IOL的可膨胀外围储器中产生负压。这种负压可以允许流体从与所述可膨胀外围流体地相联接的流体光学器件被吸入所述可膨胀外围中。这可以引起IOL的光学膜(即,横穿光轴的膜)的曲率变化,从而引起IOL的屈光力变化。
在某些实施例中,被配置成植入在患者眼睛的囊袋内的眼内晶状体包括:可变形外壳,所述外壳具有远端和近端;流体光学器件,所述流体光学器件具有至少一个弹性膜表面,所述弹性膜表面被定位成横穿所述患者眼睛的光轴并且至少部分地限定内室以容纳光学流体;以及与所述流体光学器件相关联的内壳,所述内壳具有远端和近端。每个端连结至所述外壳的对应端以在所述内壳与所述外壳之间限定储器,所述储器至少部分地围绕所述流体光学器件的圆周布置并且与所述内室流体连通。所述可变形外壳被配置成在所述囊袋被轴向压缩时以增大所述储器的容积并且将流体从所述室吸入所述储器中的方式变形,从而修改所述弹性膜的曲率。
附图说明
为了更加完整地理解本披露及其优点,现在参考结合附图进行的以下说明,在这些附图中相同的参考数字指示相同的特征,并且在附图中:
图1是根据本披露某些实施例的示例性变曲率型可调节眼内晶状体的横截面侧视图;
图2是图1的眼内晶状体的另一个横截面侧视图,示出了所述晶状体处于其未调节(视远)状态;并且
图3是图1的眼内晶状体的分解透视图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本披露某些实施例的示例性变曲率型可调节眼内晶状体(IOL)10的横截面侧视图。在某些实施例中,IOL 10包括外壳元件14以及嵌套在外壳14内的内壳元件16。外壳14和内壳16可以限定容积可变储器20,所述容积可变储器经由侧壁21中的一个或多个出口22可以与流体光学器件30的室12处于流体连通。结果是,室12中容纳的流体可以通到储器20,并且反之亦然。在所示实施例中,侧壁21是内壳16的一部分并且内壳和外壳的远端通过光学器件30的下边缘32连结在一起,所述下边缘坐于外壳14的远端的内表面48上、与其不漏流体地密封接合。然而,本披露设想到侧壁21可以替代性地是连结至内壳16上的单独元件。
内壳16的近端44同样可以连结至外壳14的对应近端40。在某些实施例中,膜18可以跨越IOL 10的近侧表面以向IOL 10提供额外的结构整体性或刚性。此外,膜18、内壳16、和弹性膜24(以下讨论)可以形成填充有流体的前房26,所述前房可以影响眼内IOL 10的屈光力。进一步地,膜18同样可以是光学器件(例如,固体光学器件)以提供眼内IOL 10的总体屈光力的一部分。此外或替代地,屈光力可以通过外壳的基底42的形状和组成来提供,所述基底同样跨越光轴、并且因此同样可以作用于穿过晶状体10的光。
在某些实施例中,IOL 10可以通过流体光学器件30的变曲率型弹性膜24来实现调节。如图1所示,弹性膜24可以被形成为以凸形形状自然地布置。当被植入患者眼睛的囊袋中时,囊袋的轴向压缩可以以增大容积可变储器20的容积的方式使所述容积可变储器变形。这种容积增大可以在容积可变储器20内产生负压,从而通过侧壁21中的一个或多个出口22将流体从室12吸出到容积可变储器20内。比较图1和图2,可以看出,当室12中的流体流到储器20中时,弹性膜24可以从其自然的凸形形状(如图1所示)变成较扁平的形状(如图2所示),由此减小流体光学器件30的屈光力并且同样减小IOL 10的总体屈光力(出于说明目的,放大了图1和图2中描绘的所展示曲率变化)。
在某些实施例中,外壳14和内壳16各自可以由相同的材料构成。仅作为一个实例,外壳14和内壳16各自可以由弹性聚合物、硅树脂、或丙烯酸类(如硅酮、或以名称而知晓的2-苯乙基丙烯酸酯和2-苯乙基甲基丙烯酸酯)构成。在某些实施例中,IOL 10的各个部件可以由不同的材料构成。仅作为一个实例,外壳14、以及内壳16的弹性膜24各自可以由弹性聚合物、硅树脂、或丙烯酸类(如硅酮、或以名称而知晓的2-苯乙基丙烯酸酯和2-苯乙基甲基丙烯酸酯)构成。在这样的实施例中,IOL 10的其余部件可以由相似的、但具有更高弹性模量的材料构成。
在某些实施例中,弹性膜24可以由具有低玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的透明无定形聚合物构成。例如,弹性膜24可以由具有低于37摄氏度标准体温的玻璃化转变温度的透明无定形聚合物构成(这可以允许弹性膜24成为柔软的弹性光学区域)。
适合于在流体光学器件30中使用的示例性流体包括折射率高于水(例如,折射率大于1.3)的流体。在某些实施例中,所述流体可以展现出大于1.36或大于1.38的折射率。在其他实施例中,折射率可以在约1.3至约1.8的范围内、在约1.36至约1.70的范围内、或在约1.38至约1.60的范围内。在包括填充有流体的前房26(以上讨论)的实施例中,容纳在其中的流体可以是可膨胀的(可压缩的)流体,所述流体具有的折射率低于储器12和容积可变储器20中容纳的流体的折射率。
图3是IOL 10的分解透视图并且展示了内壳16和外壳14的嵌套关系。内壳16和流体光学器件30可以一体地形成或者它们可以分开制造然后连结在一起。在某些实施例中,可能希望在外壳14中具有填充口50,使得内壳和外壳可以被密封在一起,并且然后可以对容积可变储器20和室12填充足够的流体来产生膜24的所希望初始(容纳)形状。
将认识到,各种以上披露的和其他的特征和功能、及其替代方案可以按希望组合到许多其他不同的系统或应用中。还将认识到,其中的各种目前未预见或未预料到的替代方案、修改、变化或改进可以后续由本领域的技术人员做出,这些替代方案、变化或改进还旨在被所附权利要求书所涵盖。
Claims (6)
1.一种被配置成有待植入患者眼睛的囊袋内的眼内晶状体,包括
可变形外壳(14),所述可变形外壳具有近端(40)和包括基底(42)的远端;以及
内壳(16),所述内壳具有近端(44)和远端,内壳的远端包括侧壁(21)和弹性膜(24),弹性膜被定位以横穿所述患者的眼睛的光轴,侧壁(21)和弹性膜(24)部分地限定流体光学器件(30)的室(12),其中:
所述侧壁(21)的下边缘(32)位于基底(42)的内表面(48)上、与基底(42)的内表面(48)不漏流体地密封接合;
可变形外壳(14)的近端(40)连结至内壳(16)的近端(44);
可变形外壳(14)与内壳(16)之间的空间限定容积可变储器(20),容积可变储器(20)经由侧壁(21)中的一个或多个出口(22)与室(12)处于流体连通;以及
所述可变形外壳(14)被配置成在轴向压缩时以增大所述容积可变储器(20)的容积并且将流体从流体光学器件(30)的所述室(12)抽出并吸入所述容积可变储器(20)中的方式变形,从而减小所述弹性膜(24)的曲率。
2.如权利要求1所述的眼内晶状体,其中,所述内壳是柔性的。
3.如权利要求1所述的眼内晶状体,进一步包括跨越所述内壳的近端的透明元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的眼内晶状体,其中,所述内壳与所述流体光学器件的弹性膜一体地形成。
5.如权利要求1所述的眼内晶状体,其中,所述内壳连结至所述流体光学器件。
6.如权利要求1所述的眼内晶状体,其中,所述流体光学器件的所述侧壁密封至所述外壳。
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PCT/US2015/055665 WO2016133558A1 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2015-10-15 | Curvature-changing, accommodative intraocular lenses with expandable peripheral reservoirs |
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