CN107617746B - 用于制备烧结齿轮的方法 - Google Patents

用于制备烧结齿轮的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107617746B
CN107617746B CN201710424829.8A CN201710424829A CN107617746B CN 107617746 B CN107617746 B CN 107617746B CN 201710424829 A CN201710424829 A CN 201710424829A CN 107617746 B CN107617746 B CN 107617746B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
gear body
gear
quenching
gas
sintered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710424829.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN107617746A (zh
Inventor
M·德拉珀卡
C·杜曼斯基
K·迪金格尔
M·海瑟尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Miba Sinter Austria GmbH filed Critical Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
Publication of CN107617746A publication Critical patent/CN107617746A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107617746B publication Critical patent/CN107617746B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/08—Transition metals
    • B29K2705/12—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2015/00—Gear wheels or similar articles with grooves or projections, e.g. control knobs
    • B29L2015/003—Gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/06—Silencing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/14—Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于制备烧结齿轮的方法，所述烧结齿轮具有齿轮本体，所述齿轮本体上设置至少一个弹性体元件，根据所述方法通过挤压粉末制备生坯，将所述生坯烧结成齿轮本体并且通过渗碳和之后的淬火或烧结硬化和之后的用气体淬火使其硬化，然后在齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件。

Description

用于制备烧结齿轮的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备烧结齿轮的方法，所述烧结齿轮具有齿轮本体，在所述齿轮本体上设置至少一个弹性体元件，根据所述方法通过挤压粉末制备生坯，将所述生坯烧结成齿轮本体并且通过渗碳和之后的淬火或烧结硬化和之后的淬火使其硬化，然后在齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件。
背景技术
具有弹性体元件的烧结齿轮是本领域已知的。在这种情况下将弹性体元件用于不同目的。例如AT 508 701 B1描述了具有硫化弹簧元件的分开的齿轮布置。在这种情况下，这样的弹簧元件在可转动的齿轮的周向方向上相对于固定齿轮提供预应力。
AT 514 570 B1和AT 514 590 B1描述了在径向方向上分开的齿轮，其中两个齿轮部件通过硫化的弹性体环彼此结合。
这些齿轮的共同之处在于，弹性体元件在齿轮运行中经受高负载。尤其是当弹性体元件经受部分交变的推力和拉力时，金属和弹性体之间的结合位置非常重要，因为在此存在弹性体元件在超载下脱离的风险。
为了制备具有硫化的弹性体元件的齿轮，因此需要对齿轮进行复杂和高成本的加工步骤，从而实现弹性体元件在金属齿轮基体上的附着强度。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的目的在于提供用于制备烧结齿轮的更简单或更低成本的可能性，其实现与现有技术至少同样好的弹性体元件在金属基底上的附着强度。
在开篇的方法中通过将经硬化的齿轮本体用气体淬火从而实现本发明的目的。
通过气体淬火免去了淬火油或通常的液体冷却介质。因此所述液体介质不会聚集在烧结齿轮的孔中，之后也无需从所述孔中再次费力除去。齿轮本体因此在热处理和气体淬火之后已经以干燥形式存在，因此可以直接进行弹性体元件的硫化而无需其它加工步骤。尽管由于缺乏冷却介质的蒸发可能而使得气体淬火通常比油淬火更缓慢地进行，但是由此实现的过程技术优点超越了所述缺点。但是作为副作用，采用更缓慢的淬火实现更低的芯部硬度，从而获得的烧结齿轮一方面在近表面区域中具有相对高的硬度，另一方面在芯部中仍然具有相对高的韧性，因此更好地承受交变负载。
根据所述方法的一个实施方案变体可以提出，借助低压渗碳进行齿轮本体的渗碳。因此实现的优点是，相比于其它渗碳方法(如碳氨共渗)，即使对于在轴向方向上极窄的烧结齿轮，仍然可以非常针对性地调节硬度特性。即使对于这样的烧结齿轮仍然有可能获得更软的芯部。
优选使用可烧结硬化的粉末制备生坯。使用可烧结硬化的粉末使得无需液体冷却介质即可实现烧结齿轮的经受磨损的表面层的相对高的硬度。还可以实现更好的轮齿品质，并因此实现烧结齿轮的平稳运行。
在此特别优选地，使用的可烧结硬化的粉末具有在介于1重量％和5重量％之间的铬份额。通过铬可以进一步改进所述效果。对于所述气体淬火，铬明显改进可硬化性。
根据所述方法的另一个实施方案变体，将齿轮本体压缩至介于6.8g/cm3和7.4g/cm3之间的密度。其优点在于，可以以非常有成本效益的方式提供特别好的强度。
还可以提出，制得的齿轮本体的表面具有介于Rz1和Rz10之间的粗糙度。因此明显提高了弹性体元件在齿轮本体上的附着。
优选地，进行渗碳直至齿轮本体的一定深度，取决于齿的几何尺寸和出现的Herzt压力，从所述齿轮本体的表面起测量，所述深度选自100μm至2000μm的范围，尤其是直至100μm至1000μm的深度。因此可以明显改进耐磨损性，因为通过之后的硬化可以提供相应的高的经硬化层厚度。因此可以再次改进弹性体元件在齿轮本体上的附着的改进。
根据所述方法的另一个实施方案变体，使用N2、N2/H2或He作为气体进行气体淬火。相比于其它气体，使用N2、N2/H2或He的优点在于，由此可以获得更高的冷却速率。
可以使用选自1℃/s至7℃/s范围的淬火速度冷却齿轮本体。因此实现了建立至少部分马氏体结构。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，将借助下述描述详细解释本发明。
本发明涉及用于制备烧结齿轮的方法。
烧结齿轮本身可以例如是用于齿带传动的烧结齿轮(如尤其是链轮)，或者是用于齿轮传动的烧结齿轮，在齿轮传动中烧结齿轮以啮合方式与至少一个另外的齿轮相互作用。其还可以具有直齿或斜齿。烧结齿轮优选具有正齿。烧结齿轮还可以具有一个或多个轨道。
烧结齿轮还具有至少一个弹性体元件，所述弹性体元件硫化至烧结齿轮的金属齿轮本体。
在优选的实施方案变体中制备链轮，除了用于链传动的齿之外，所述链轮在轴向方向的一侧或两侧(直接)还具有弹性体轨道。弹性体轨道可以通过凹陷和(栓钉状)凸起实现。当链进入链轮轨道的齿时，弹性体轨道用于消音。优选地，弹性体轨道在齿轮本体的整个圆周上连贯地延伸。
弹性体元件至少部分地由橡胶弹性材料组成，例如由(X)NBR((羧化的)丙烯腈-丁二烯-橡胶)、HNBR(氢化的腈-橡胶)、有机硅橡胶(VMQ)、EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯-橡胶)、CR(氯丁二烯-橡胶)、SBR(苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶)等组成，其中还可以使用材料混合物。
“至少部分地”表示在弹性体元件中例如可以嵌入加强元件，例如由金属、塑料、天然纤维等制成的纤维和/或颗粒、或者杆状物等。然而优选地，弹性体元件仅由橡胶弹性材料组成。
根据粉末冶金法(烧结法)进行金属齿轮本体的制备。这种方法是现有技术熟知的，因此不必详细讨论所述方法的基本特征。唯一需要进行的是，所述方法基本上包括如下步骤：粉末混合，将粉末挤压成生坯，生长并且将生坯一步或多步烧结成齿轮本体。
在用于制备烧结齿轮的方法过程中还提出，通过渗碳和之后的受控冷却或通过烧结硬化使齿轮本体硬化。通过渗碳提高齿轮本体中的碳份额。可以在烧结之后或过程中在烧结体上进行渗碳。
原则上可以通过各种方法进行渗碳，其中所有方法的共同之处是使用气体或气体混合物作为碳源。作为气体可以例如使用甲烷、丙烷、乙炔等。
可以例如通过碳氮共渗进行渗碳。但是优选通过低压渗碳法进行渗碳。
齿轮本体的碳含量在渗碳之后优选介于0.4重量％和1.0重量％之间。
尤其是，进行渗碳直至齿轮本体的一定深度，从所述齿轮本体的表面起测量，所述深度选自100μm至2000μm的范围；优选选自100μm至1000μm的范围。上述优选的碳含量在此与该渗碳深度有关。齿轮本体的下层区域因此具有较低的碳含量。
任选地，可以在烧结之后和/或在硬化之后进行机械后加工。
在硬化之后，(直接)在金属齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件。在此，可以在喷射步骤(例如使用粒径在0.6至1mm范围内的冷硬铸铁丸、钢丸、砂、碳化硅)之后直接在粉末冶金齿轮上施加增粘剂(单组分或双组分体系)而无其它清洗操作(尽可能地迅速，从而避免重新形成氧化物)。通过已有的干燥和清洁的齿轮本体，可以通过预先设置尽可能大的有效表面实现与金属的改进附着。增粘剂的类型取决于待结合的材料。如此选择增粘剂，使得其相比于金属表面具有更低的表面张力，从而实现完全润湿。
在干燥增粘剂之后，在介于90℃和250℃之间的温度在1分钟至20分钟的时间内硫化弹性体。在此有利的是，不出现油或硬化乳液形式的液体，因为否则增粘剂会丧失其功能。根据本发明的方法在该关键步骤中尤其显示出其优点，因为硫化在完全干燥的粉末冶金构件上进行。尤其是如此选择温度曲线，使得之后保持来自热处理烧结钢的必要的表面硬度。
为了改进弹性体元件在金属齿轮本体上的附着强度，现提出，将经硬化的齿轮本体在渗碳之后用气体进行淬火。
优选使用N2、N2/H2或He作为气体进行气体淬火。
为此根据一个实施方案变体可以提出，使用选自1℃/s至7℃/s范围的淬火速度使齿轮本体淬火。
优选地，紧接着淬火之后在齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件。
根据所述方法的一个优选的实施方案变体可以提出，使用可烧结硬化的粉末制备生坯。可烧结硬化的粉末被理解为具有一定份额的至少一种合金元素的铁粉或钢粉，所述合金元素延迟奥氏体至铁素体和珠光体的共析转变。例如粉末可以具有一定份额的铬、镍和/或钼。在用于制备生坯的粉末中，至少一种元素的份额可以在0.4重量％和5重量％之间。
在所述方法的优选的实施方案变体中，加入铬作为合金元素，从而获得可烧结硬化的粉末。铬在粉末中的份额在此可以在1重量％和5重量％之间。
例如在所述方法中可以使用具有如下组成的粉末：Fe+1.8％Cr+0.2％C；或Fe+3％Cr+0.5％Mo+0.2％Cr。
还优选地，将齿轮本体压缩至介于6.8g/cm3和7.4g/cm3之间的密度。为此可以借助轧制来后压缩表面，或者在烧结之后校准时来后压缩整个横截面。但是也可以在挤压时已经实现相应密度。
根据另一个实施方案变体，制得的齿轮本体的表面具有根据DIN EN ISO 4287:1998和DIN EN ISO 11562:1998的介于Rz1和Rz10之间的粗糙度。这可以例如通过挤压和烧结或者挤压烧结和其它压缩方法进行。
本发明涉及用于制备烧结齿轮的方法，所述烧结齿轮具有齿轮本体，所述齿轮本体上设置至少一个弹性体元件，根据所述方法通过挤压粉末制备生坯，将所述生坯烧结成齿轮本体并且通过渗碳和之后的淬火或烧结硬化和之后的用气体淬火使其硬化，然后在齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件。
实施例
下文给出用于制备烧结齿轮的一些实施例。
通过将Cr预合金粉末挤压至介于6.8g/cm3和7.3g/cm3之间的密度进行所述粉末冶金齿轮的制备，所述Cr预合金粉末具有Fe+3％Cr+0.5％Mo+0.5％C或Fe+1.8％Cr+2％Ni+0.5％C的组成。在介于1120℃和1300℃之间的烧结温度在N2/H2/C气氛中使之后的烧结进行约10分钟至30分钟。借助气体淬火通过从烧结热淬火进行之后的冷却，其中根据温度范围实现在1℃/s和7℃/s之间的冷却速率。如此烧结硬化的构件至少部分地具有马氏体结构，并且不需要额外硬化。粗糙度Rz在此为约5。
通过将Cr预合金粉末挤压至介于6.8g/cm3和7.3g/cm3之间的密度进行所述粉末冶金齿轮的另一种类型的制备，所述Cr预合金粉末具有Fe+1.8％Cr+0.2％C或Fe+1.8％Cr+2％Ni+0.2％C的组成。在介于1120℃和1300℃之间的烧结温度在N2/H2气氛中使之后的烧结进行约10分钟至30分钟。烧结之后在校准中部分地压缩整个构件横截面，或者通过轧制或校准调节表面。构件以低压渗碳的形式经受额外的渗碳并且使用20bar N2或He进行高压气体淬火。表面的粗糙度Rz在此为约2。升高的粗糙度有助于附着。
对于这两个过程途径而言，进行之后的硫化而无需其它必要的清洗和/或化学净化步骤，因为构件在烧结硬化之后完全干燥并且尤其是无油的。
通过挤压试验分析金属与弹性体之间产生的附着强度。为此进行挤压试验，其中试验通过在烧结齿轮上引入轴向力使橡胶/金属结合脱离。特定几何尺寸的结果为>30kN。
实施例描述了所述方法的可能的实施方案变体，其中此处需要注意的是，单个实施方案变体彼此的各种组合也是可能的。

Claims (9)

1.用于制备烧结齿轮的方法，所述烧结齿轮具有齿轮本体，在所述齿轮本体上设置至少一个弹性体元件，根据所述方法通过挤压粉末制备生坯，
将所述生坯烧结成齿轮本体并且通过渗碳和之后的用气体淬火使其硬化或者
将所述生坯烧结成齿轮本体并且通过烧结硬化和之后的用气体淬火使其硬化，然后在齿轮本体上硫化至少一个弹性体元件，其特征在于，将经硬化的金属齿轮本体进行喷射步骤；
之后直接在齿轮上施加增粘剂而无其它清洗操作；
然后干燥增粘剂；
在介于90℃和250℃之间的温度在1分钟至20分钟的时间内硫化金属齿轮本体上的弹性体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过低压渗碳进行齿轮本体的渗碳。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将可烧结硬化的粉末用于制备生坯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，使用具有在1重量％和5重量％之间的铬份额的可烧结硬化的粉末。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将齿轮本体压缩至6.8g/cm3和7.4g/cm3之间的密度。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，制备其表面的粗糙度为介于Rz1和Rz10之间的齿轮本体。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，进行渗碳直至齿轮本体的一定深度，从所述齿轮本体的表面起测量，所述深度选自100μm至2000μm的范围。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用N2、N2/H2或He作为气体进行气体淬火。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用选自1℃/s至7℃/s范围的淬火速度将齿轮本体淬火。
CN201710424829.8A 2016-07-15 2017-06-08 用于制备烧结齿轮的方法 Active CN107617746B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50632/2016A AT518831B1 (de) 2016-07-15 2016-07-15 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sinterzahnrades
ATA50632/2016 2016-07-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107617746A CN107617746A (zh) 2018-01-23
CN107617746B true CN107617746B (zh) 2021-10-29

Family

ID=60783030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710424829.8A Active CN107617746B (zh) 2016-07-15 2017-06-08 用于制备烧结齿轮的方法

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10919093B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN107617746B (zh)
AT (1) AT518831B1 (zh)
BR (1) BR102017012255A2 (zh)
DE (1) DE102017113918A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190219147A1 (en) * 2018-01-17 2019-07-18 ILJIN USA Corporation Gear for a torque transmission device and method for making the gear
AT520531B1 (de) * 2018-04-24 2019-05-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Zahnrad
CN111390165A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2020-07-10 江苏智造新材有限公司 汽车离合器内置飞轮的坯件烧结硬化工艺
CN113579235B (zh) * 2021-07-05 2022-11-08 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 一种粉末冶金包胶链轮制备方法
AT526358B1 (de) * 2022-12-30 2024-02-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zahnrads
AT526439B1 (de) * 2023-02-08 2024-03-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils mit einer Verzahnung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184380A (en) * 1978-03-10 1980-01-22 Rivin Evgeny I Gears having resilient coatings
CN101545526A (zh) * 2008-03-27 2009-09-30 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种低噪声齿轮
AT508701B1 (de) * 2010-06-23 2011-05-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Zahnradanordnung
CN102537103A (zh) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-04 日立建机株式会社 工程机械的联轴器
AT514590B1 (de) * 2014-02-13 2015-02-15 Metaldyne Internat Deutschland Gmbh Zahnrad
AT514570A4 (de) * 2014-02-13 2015-02-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Zahnrad
WO2016041977A1 (en) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Höganäs Ab (Publ) A pre-alloyed iron- based powder, an iron-based powder mixture containing the pre-alloyed iron-based powder and a method for making pressed and sintered components from the iron-based powder mixture

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB511298A (en) * 1938-02-19 1939-08-16 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to liquid pressure control systems
US5390414A (en) * 1993-04-06 1995-02-21 Eaton Corporation Gear making process
US5785771A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-07-28 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Method for manufacturing precision gears
DE20111493U1 (de) * 2001-07-11 2002-11-28 Winklhofer & Soehne Gmbh Kettenrad
SE0201824D0 (sv) * 2002-06-14 2002-06-14 Hoeganaes Ab Pre-alloyed iron based powder
AT10838U1 (de) * 2008-01-16 2009-11-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Sinterzahnrad

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184380A (en) * 1978-03-10 1980-01-22 Rivin Evgeny I Gears having resilient coatings
CN101545526A (zh) * 2008-03-27 2009-09-30 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种低噪声齿轮
AT508701B1 (de) * 2010-06-23 2011-05-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Zahnradanordnung
CN102537103A (zh) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-04 日立建机株式会社 工程机械的联轴器
AT514590B1 (de) * 2014-02-13 2015-02-15 Metaldyne Internat Deutschland Gmbh Zahnrad
AT514570A4 (de) * 2014-02-13 2015-02-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Zahnrad
WO2016041977A1 (en) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Höganäs Ab (Publ) A pre-alloyed iron- based powder, an iron-based powder mixture containing the pre-alloyed iron-based powder and a method for making pressed and sintered components from the iron-based powder mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10919093B2 (en) 2021-02-16
CN107617746A (zh) 2018-01-23
AT518831A1 (de) 2018-01-15
DE102017113918A1 (de) 2018-01-18
AT518831B1 (de) 2019-02-15
BR102017012255A2 (pt) 2018-02-06
US20180015546A1 (en) 2018-01-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107617746B (zh) 用于制备烧结齿轮的方法
JP4183346B2 (ja) 粉末冶金用混合粉末ならびに鉄系焼結体およびその製造方法
CN103031499B (zh) 铁基烧结滑动部件及其制备方法
US7309465B2 (en) Sintered sprocket for silent chain and production method therefor
JP5992402B2 (ja) 窒化焼結コンポーネントの製造方法
JP5671526B2 (ja) 高強度低合金焼結鋼
TWI290073B (en) Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof
KR102382537B1 (ko) 예합금 철계 분말, 예합금 철계 분말을 포함하는 철계 분말 혼합물, 및 철계 분말 혼합물로부터 가압성형 및 소결된 컴포넌트들을 제조하기 위한 방법
CN102356257A (zh) 用于制造活塞环和汽缸套的氮化级钢材料成分
WO2019093480A1 (ja) 鉄基焼結合金材及びその製造方法
WO2013127905A1 (en) Pm automotive component and its manufacture
GB2390372A (en) Sintered sprocket and manufacturing method
JP4702758B2 (ja) サイレントチェーン用焼結スプロケットおよびその製造方法
JP4301507B2 (ja) サイレントチェーン用焼結スプロケットおよびその製造方法
JP3704100B2 (ja) 高耐摩耗高強度焼結部品およびその製造方法
Dahlström et al. High performance PM components heat treated by low pressure carburizing and gas quenching
JP6528899B2 (ja) 粉末冶金用混合粉および焼結体の製造方法
Sonsino et al. Rolling contact fatigue properties of selected PM-materials for gear-box applications
JP5929084B2 (ja) 粉末冶金用合金鋼粉ならびに鉄基焼結材料およびその製造方法
KR100845386B1 (ko) 소결 금속 부품 및 그 제조 방법
Santuliana et al. Microstructure, microhardness and impact toughness of low pressure carburized PM steels
Slattery et al. High-Performance Applications of Chromium Steels Sintered at Conventional Temperatures
Bocchini The new iron base powders for advanced automotive PM applications
Hanejko Advances in P/M gear materials

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant