CN1075437C - 利用挤压热塑材料形成汽车装饰条的方法 - Google Patents

利用挤压热塑材料形成汽车装饰条的方法 Download PDF

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CN1075437C
CN1075437C CN98806581A CN98806581A CN1075437C CN 1075437 C CN1075437 C CN 1075437C CN 98806581 A CN98806581 A CN 98806581A CN 98806581 A CN98806581 A CN 98806581A CN 1075437 C CN1075437 C CN 1075437C
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ornamental strip
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厄里比·韦克菲尔德
阿维·祖哈
乌韦·凯尔伯特
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Decoma International Inc
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/35—Extrusion nozzles or dies with rollers
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92933—Conveying, transporting or storage of articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种挤压用于汽车的、具有特定长度的热塑材料的装饰条成形方法，包括将装饰条直接挤压到循环传送带(24)上，传送带以与挤出物(22)的引出速度匹配的速度传动的步骤。所以，挤出物(22)在冷却时不易受到应力的作用而造成不可预测的长度变化。因此可预先确定装饰条在冷却及硬化后的最终长度，从而可在线提供模制的端部。

Description

利用挤压热塑材料形成汽车装饰条的方法
本发明涉及一种制造用于汽车侧面及其它用途的挤压装饰条的方法。
装在汽车侧面的装饰条一般起装饰和保护车身的作用。这种装饰条可用作前后侧板及侧门的车身侧面模件。这些装饰条必须在颜色的均匀性和搭配上满足极高的标准。但是，它们必须有特殊的端部形状，以满足制造上的要求，同时这种要求应得到顾客的认可。
这种装饰条可用注模或挤压的方式制造。这两种方式都有一定的缺陷。注模方式速度慢、成本高。但该方式可提供具有成形模制端的注模条，其长度可按需要精确计算。
挤压模制的方式生产成本较低并且可挤压到承载条上，或者也可在没有任何承载条的情况下挤压。当使用承载条时，它通常是铝条。
挤压装饰条可切割成一定长度或利用各种装置模制，以生产装饰端。如果将装饰条切成一定长度，则它将具有暴露出模件整个横截面的切割端。这将造成不吸引人的粗加工的外观。
人们在工业上已作了大量尝试来生产具有精加工的模制端部的挤压装饰条。在下列实例中描述了提供这种端部的方法和装置：
美国专利US 5,171,499(1992年12月5日)    Cehelnik等
美国专利US 5,226,998(1993年7月13日)    Few
美国专利US 5,227,108(1993年7月13日)    小Reid等
美国专利US 5,395,575(1995年3月7日)     Stribbell等
美国专利US 5,409,653(1995年4月25日)    Malm
美国专利US 5,478,516(1995年12月26日)   Malm等
上面所列举的专利是许多涉及形成挤压装饰条端部的专利的一些实例。
在进行了大量的尝试和思考后制成的端部，其主要问题依然存在。未挤在整体承载条上的挤压条不能制成在长度上足够精确的汽车装饰条。其原因在于挤压工艺本身。当以注模方式生产一定长度的装饰条时，这种装饰条遇冷会收缩，但收缩量是可以精确预测的。挤压条成形时，存在着有应力施加在挤压塑料内的附加因素。当塑料离开压模时，将会有一个力从后面推动塑料通过压模。当被挤压的并且仍然处于软化状态的塑料向前运动时，将对塑料施加一个延展或拉伸力，该力是利用塑料本身的重量或由于传送塑料的压模轮或辊的输送运动形成的，从而可制成挤压或模压的端部，另外再利用传送装置使塑料通过不同的设备。上述过程将持续进行，直到挤出的材料受到足够的冷却并变成固体塑料时为止。由于涉及许多不定因素，如塑性材料的种类、挤压的温度、所需的不同长度、模压轮的速度的调整等等，所以装饰条的最终长度是不可预测的。这个问题如此特殊，以至于它可能有利于只模制或挤压装饰条的一端，并提供部分成形的另一端，经过冷却和/或缓冷，一旦部件的长度稳定并完成长度的最后调节后，便可对该另一端进行切割。
至少部分原因是由于很难给出挤压装饰条的精确长度，这种装饰条使用了整体式承载条，但这种整体式承载条也有缺陷。其中一个明显的缺陷是提高了装饰条的成本。另一个缺陷是承载条使最终的复合条的刚度增大，从而使条的端部有向外弯曲的趋势。
本发明人发现了这个问题并试图提供一种不需要整体式承载条的挤压装饰条，并且这种具有模压端的装饰条在生产时可精确计算长度。
本发明的目的是提供一种利用挤压热塑材料形成汽车装饰条的方法。
本发明提供一种能生产预定长度的、由挤压塑料制成的、具有模制端部的装饰条的方法，该方法包括：挤压塑料，使之以一定的引出速度从挤压模的挤压喷嘴中被引出到一个循环传送带上，该传送带的运行速度与引出速度匹配，挤压喷嘴的形状可提供具有一定截面形状的装饰条；连续运行循环传送带，使它载运的挤压塑料通过模压装置，以形成装饰条的模压的相对端部，端部与端部相互隔开一定距离，以便在冷却塑料时能提供所述预选长度，冷却载有具有模压端部的挤压塑料带的传送带并分离冷却后的塑料装饰带。
循环带最好是不锈钢制成的。循环带通过挤压模，以将挤压塑料从挤压喷嘴中引出。通过计算机的控制，可使循环带的速度与引出速度匹配。
可利用传感器监测挤压喷嘴的引出速度，然后将与引出速度相对应的信号传送给计算机，再将由计算机发出的控制信号传送给一个用于控制循环传送带的驱动速度的控制器。
现在将参照附图以举例的方式描述本发明的一个实施例。
图1A,1B和1C表示现有技术的装饰条，它们分别为具有一个模压端和一个部分模压端的挤压装饰条，可对部分模压端进行切割，以调节长度；挤压装饰条，具有一个整体式承载器；以及一种注模装饰条；
图2表示本发明装置的示意图；
图3表示本发明的承载在循环传送带上的挤出件；
图4表示一种用于图3的可选择使用的成型轮；
图5表示本发明装置的示意图，它包括将外装饰表壳施加到装饰条上的装置。
图1A表示具有一个成形端12A和一个部分成形端14A的装饰条10A。成形端12A可形成在例如成形辊之间，如形成在上述的美国专利US 5,395,575中描述的那种成形辊之间，其中未采用整体式承载条。装饰条10A的端部12A可做成曲线型、点型或各种不同的其它装饰端，但端14A通常为有限长度的收窄了的部分，该部分可在不同的点处，例如在点A、在点B或在这两点之间进行切割，以调节装饰条的长度。由于收窄部分的细长形状，在其长度上的任何微小变化都不会引起观察者的注意。当现有的装饰条10A离开成形辊时，可将它切割成近似的供使用的长度，但由于它上面的应力，使它至少要存放70小时，以允许塑料在它的记忆性和回弹性的作用下使长度发生不可预测的变化。只有在这种变化完成之后才可进行调节切割以提供精确的最终长度。需要对端部的切割进行调节，以使部分成形端形成某种特定形状，如图中所示的细长收窄部分这样的形状。
图1B表示在整体式支撑条11上的挤压条10B。在这种情况下，由于支撑条11保持挤压条的长度，所以可利用成形轮及挤压塑料硬化后的变形来使挤压条10B的两端12B,14B成形。但图1B表示出在装饰条的端部有明显的弯曲，这样就有从车身的表面抬起该装饰条的趋势。然而，这种具有整体式支撑条的装饰条很难牢固地固定在汽车上，并且夹在车身与装饰条之间的材料使装饰条易发生脱离。例如，汽车清洗用的刷子中的纤维就可能造成装饰条的脱离。
图1C表示通过注模制成的装饰条。由于注模系统，使这种装饰条具有高质量的抛光表面，但是，这种装饰条较厚，需以不同的方式进行装饰性模制。虽然在冷却时可计算出该装饰条的收缩量，但在硬化时，它不会发生不可预测的长度变化。本发明人试图连续地生产这种类型的装饰条，这种装饰条的成本要比装饰条10C的成本低得多。利用注模法成形像装饰条10C这样的装饰条，其成本可能非常高，这样就会使修理损坏的车身要比用装饰条来防护车身的损坏更便宜。
图2表示按照本发明成形挤压装饰条的方法，该装饰条在以一定速度不断运动的传送带上成形，以尽最大可能地减小在软化后的塑料上的应力。
如图2所示，塑料(如聚氯乙烯)从挤压模20中被挤出。挤压模20具有为所选的装饰条型材设计的型面。挤压物22在压力下从模具内经挤压喷嘴21引出。挤压喷嘴21可具有生产具有所需廓形的装饰条的形状。适合用不锈钢制成的循环传送带24通过挤压模20，以引出挤压物22，并且传送带与挤压物22一起从支承托辊26与成形轮28的模制周缘27之间通过。成形轮28的周缘上可有一个有效模制空腔或槽30(参见图3)。在这种情况下，由于可在空腔或槽30内模制整个装饰条，所以挤压喷嘴21的形状如何不是十分重要的。另外，成形轮28可有一个凸起48，它通过挤压在支承托辊26上形成无端部分，该支承托辊未支撑在装饰条的中间部分上(参见图4)。当挤出物22和传送带24从挤压模20中被引出时，挤出物22位于上方并承载在传送带24上。传送带24绕托辊26的周缘传送，周缘朝外径向地携带挤出物22，从而使挤出物22夹在紧靠托辊26的周缘的传送带24与模制周缘27或成形轮28之间。托辊26和成形轮28的运行可从图3的示意中清楚地看出。
如图3所示，围绕成形轮28的圆周有一条成型槽30。槽30可提供所需形状的装饰条32。考虑到收缩量，通过计算，使槽30的长度大于冷却后的装饰条32的最终长度。利用熔融塑料的膨胀系数很容易计算出这一量值。循环传送带24以一定的速度迫使挤出物从挤压模20中挤出，然后以相同的速度继续通过并引出循环带，从而在利用下游设备(如成形轮28)处理挤出物时，可最大限度地减小或消除在软化的挤出物22上的下游应力。
传送仍处于软化状态的装饰条32的循环传送带24从成形轮28的槽中引出并通过冷却箱34。各辊36限定了循环传送带24的路径。
当承载着装饰条32的传送带24从冷却箱34中引出时，传送带24的路径经过辊36A上时急剧地向下倾斜，这样有利于剥离冷却的装饰条32。从挤出物22自挤压模20中引出至在辊36A处被剥离共花费例如不到5分钟。装饰条32最后硬化所花费的时间依然是必要的，但由于装饰条32从未由于有模压轮和传送带从而在下方受到过延展和拉伸力，所以传送带24以引出挤压模的出口速度运载装饰条，并且装饰条的长度不再会发生不可预测的变化。
循环传送带24通过张力轮38和主动轮40继续传送并经过辊36，以返回到挤压模20，使传送带通过挤压模运行，以便接收更多的挤出物22。主动轮40可由任何适宜的驱动装置驱动并可根据挤出物从挤压模中引出的出口速度对主动轮进行控制。可在挤压模20的喷嘴处设置速度传感器42。可将来自速度传感器的信号传送到计算机44，计算机提供用于控制主动辊40的控制信号。
如果需要在上表面涂覆光滑的塑料涂层，则可利用图5中所示的工艺和装置进行，图5表示出的带52的滚轮50被用于进行上表面的涂覆。进行上表面涂覆的步骤在美国专利US 5,395,575中做了概述。

Claims (9)

1．一种生产预选长度的、由挤压塑料制成的、具有模制端部的装饰条的方法，该方法包括：
挤压塑料，使之以一定的引出速度从挤压模的挤压喷嘴中被引出到一个循环传送带上，该传送带的运行速度与引出速度匹配，挤压喷嘴的形状可提供预先限定的截面的装饰条；
连续运行循环传送带，使它载运的挤压塑料通过模压装置，以形成装饰条的模压的相对端部，端部与端部相互隔开一定距离，以便在冷却塑料时能提供所述预选长度；
冷却载有具有模压端部的挤压塑料装饰条的传送带并分离冷却后的塑料装饰条。
2．按照权利要求1的方法，其中循环带是不锈钢制成的。
3．按照权利要求1的方法，其中使循环带通过挤压模，以将挤压塑料从挤压喷嘴中引出。
4．按照权利要求1的方法，其中通过计算机的控制，使循环带的速度与引出速度匹配。
5．按照权利要求1的方法，其中利用传感器监测挤压喷嘴处的引出速度，然后将与引出速度相对应的信号传送给计算机，再将由计算机发出的控制信号传送给一个用于控制循环传送带的驱动速度的控制器。
6．按照权利要求1的方法，其中承载挤压塑料的循环带从模制轮的模制周缘与支承靠近模制周缘的挤压塑料的支承件之间通过。
7．按照权利要求1的方法，其中该支承件是托辊。
8．按照权利要求6的方法，其中模制周缘内具有一个模制空腔。
9．按照权利要求6的方法，其中模制周缘具有用于模压端部的凸起模件。
CN98806581A 1997-06-26 1998-06-25 利用挤压热塑材料形成汽车装饰条的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1075437C (zh)

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JP6100530B2 (ja) * 2010-03-03 2017-03-22 クーパー−スタンダード・オートモーティブ・インコーポレーテッド 共押出圧延成形された一体端部形成を有する明るい押し出し成形による生産品
CN103359336A (zh) * 2013-06-26 2013-10-23 瑞安市华泽机械有限公司 一种软质物体包装机的分料装置
CN106079345B (zh) * 2016-07-06 2018-05-04 濮阳市东宝科技发展有限公司 一种转印门装饰线条挤出制造设备

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