CN107529861A - 具有装饰体的复合体 - Google Patents

具有装饰体的复合体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107529861A
CN107529861A CN201680014515.4A CN201680014515A CN107529861A CN 107529861 A CN107529861 A CN 107529861A CN 201680014515 A CN201680014515 A CN 201680014515A CN 107529861 A CN107529861 A CN 107529861A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
carrier
decoration
complex
jewel
staking punch
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Granted
Application number
CN201680014515.4A
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English (en)
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CN107529861B (zh
Inventor
U·鲍利
T·万德
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D Swarovski KG
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D Swarovski KG
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Publication of CN107529861A publication Critical patent/CN107529861A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C17/00—Gems or the like
    • A44C17/04—Setting gems in jewellery; Setting-tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C11/00—Receptacles for purposes not provided for in groups A45C1/00-A45C9/00
    • A45C11/04—Spectacle cases; Pince-nez cases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
    • B29C33/405—Elastomers, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/42—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the shape of the moulding surface, e.g. ribs or grooves
    • B29C33/424—Moulding surfaces provided with means for marking or patterning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/16—Lining or labelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种用于制造复合体(1)的方法，该复合体包括载体(2)和至少一个装饰体(3)、优选宝石(3a、3b)，其中，所述载体(2)包括热塑性材料，其特征在于以下步骤：将所述装饰体(3)布置在载体(2)上；加热载体(2)；利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲模冲压头(4)将装饰体(3)挤入压入到载体(2)中，其中，从弹性体组中选择所述冲压头(4)的材料。

Description

具有装饰体的复合体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造复合体的方法，所述复合体包括载体和至少一个装饰体、优选宝石，其中，所述载体包括热塑性材料。
背景技术
塑料、尤其是这种由热塑性材料制成的塑料基于其可塑性以及其材料特性可以应用在日常生活的各种不同的领域中。然而，在塑料的情况下塑料的表面性质常常被认为是不利的，从而通常存在有如下期望：由塑料制成的物体的表面利用装饰体、例如利用宝石装饰。因为所述装饰体、例如在由玻璃制成的宝石的情况下具有与塑料完全不同的材料特性，所以所述装饰体的固定可以被证实是不利的，主要是由于一方面手动粘接各装饰体在时间上是极其耗费的并且另一方面通常仅保证所述装饰体的不充分的机械保持。
为此目的，在现有技术中已经已知一些方法，这些方法能够实现改善的机械保持以及低成本且可自动化的制造。欧洲专利EP 2 432 632涉及一种用于在使用注塑机的情况下制造设置有宝石的制品的方法，在该方法中这些宝石由包含载体膜的保持装置保持并且利用塑料熔体进行后注塑。在此不利的是，所述保持装置必须适合于要应用的宝石。此外，对于利用塑料熔体进行的后注塑需要注塑机，从而所述方法仅可以在大型工业应用中使用。
DE 2 452 250描述一种用于将宝石固定在载体上的方法，其中，将具有经涂覆的印制面的宝石布置到所述载体的相应凹部中，与载体一起在退火炉中在膜的熔化温度下熔接到载体上并且随后进行冷却。因此，根据所述方法所有的宝石在固定在载体上之前必须设有粘接层。这是一个耗费的步骤，该步骤不符合低成本且自动化的制造。
由EP 2 189 078已知一种用于设置宝石的方法，在该方法中在由塑料制成的载体中被钻有多个凹部，这些凹部必须大致相当于宝石的尺寸。随后，所述载体在空腔的区域中被加热，宝石被放置到所述空腔中并且被这样压入到空腔中，使得在宝石周围产生载体的塑性变形。虽然利用所述方法确保，宝石在机械上可靠地固定在载体中。然而所述方法是烦琐、耗时的以及因此也是昂贵的。此外，所述载体必须至少具有一定的厚度，以便能够实现所述空腔的。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种方法，该方法避免上述的缺点并且提供一种简单且灵活的可能性：制造由载体和装饰体构成的复合体，所述载体至少部分地由热塑性材料制成。
该任务通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法得以解决。本发明的优选的实施方式在从属权利要求中进行限定。
在第一方法步骤中，将至少一个装饰体布置在载体上，其中，将所述装饰体不仅手动地而且自动地、例如借助转印膜布置在载体上。当应在复合体上同时布置多个装饰体时，这种转印膜是特别合适的。在使用转印膜时可能有意义的是，将装饰体预先固定在载体上，以便可以将转印膜从装饰体取走。
在另一方法步骤中加热载体，例如通过将载体连同布置在其上的装饰体布置在加热板上。热塑性塑料是在一定温度范围内能够可逆变形的塑料。由于加热，载体的热塑性区域可以达到糊状直到熔融的状态，从而所述热塑性材料在布置有装饰体的区域中在压力施加到装饰体上时可以在空间上不同地布置。
在另一方法步骤中，利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头将装饰体压入到载体中。在此，可以在冲压头被施加压力之前或之后才加热载体。通过由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头可以将各种不同形状和大小的装饰体以及在多个装饰体彼此间具有不同间距的情况下固定在载体上，从而针对不同种类的装饰体不需要专门匹配冲压头。尤其是，在将多个装饰体固定在载体上时可以同时利用弹性冲压头将不同种类的装饰体、尤其是具有不同大小、形状和材料的装饰体压入，其中，此外可实现在各装饰体之间不一样大的间距。在此，装饰体在载体上的大小、形状以及分布尽量是任意的，只要所述装饰体可以被施加冲压头的均匀压力。
根据冲压头的弹性，装饰体在冲压头压入时不同强度地被包围，其中，根据选择的冲压头硬度，以及根据装饰体的形状和大小，在装饰体的周边缘上可以构造有小的空腔，载体的糊状的或熔融的热塑性材料可以上升到这些空腔中，从而在载体冷却和凝固之后可以铸造装饰体的类似于卡箍(krampe)的、形锁合的托座。所述托座的大小可以通过相应地选择载体被加热到的温度、压力以及作用到冲压头上的压力的持续时间以及冲压头硬度来确定。除了粘连的连接结构外，这种形锁合的连接结构得出对于装饰体特别可靠的保持。
进一步地，所述载体连同已压印的装饰体被冷却。这例如可以通过移去或切断加热板亦或用冷却板代替加热板实现。在此，该方法持续时间可以由加热速率和冷却速率的速度以及载体被加热到的温度水平控制。
所述装饰体例如在优选设有棱面的宝石、金属装饰物、木质元件以及类似物中选择，所述宝石可以是天然宝石或合成宝石或由陶瓷材料制成的宝石或优选由结晶玻璃制成的玻璃石。
所述载体至少局部地、在一种实施方式中也完全地由热塑性塑料制成。此外，作为热塑性塑料更多考虑乙烯基醋酸盐、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PT)、聚乙烯(PE)，聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)以及类似物。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述载体包括单层或多层的热塑性膜或所述载体由单层或多层的热塑性膜制成。这种膜具有如下优点：所述膜可以容易地以确定的大小被截取。由热塑性膜连同固定在其上的装饰体制成的复合体于是可以一方面以特别简单的方式被用于装饰其它物体，这种膜的弹性和柔性对此作出决定性的贡献。
在此，所述载体可以包括对于可见光谱的光基本上透射的膜。例如，其上布置有装饰体的热塑性膜对于可见光谱的光构造成透射的。这具有如下优点：通过冲压头压入而产生的形锁合的托座在视觉上出现在背景中并且尽可能少地干扰复合体的外观。在多层膜时或在多个膜时，例如布置在上侧上的层或布置在上侧上的其上布置有装饰体的膜可以基本上是透射的，而处于其下的层基本上是黑色的。根据所希望的外观，通常载体以及单层或多层的膜可以特别地以各种不同的颜色并且以各种不同的视觉透过性构造。
所述冲压头的材料从弹性体组中选择，其中，由硅树脂制成的冲压头是特别合适的。在此，冲压头的邵氏硬度可以与材料以及与要布置的装饰体的大小有关，其中，所述邵氏硬度可以在A0至A20之间。由弹性体以及尤其是由硅树脂制成的冲压头基于其延展性特别适合于按照本发明的方法。如果布置在载体上的装饰体通过冲压头被压入到载体中，则该冲压头在装饰体周围变形并且由此将压力均匀地施加到该装饰体上，从而可以在载体与装饰体之间产生均匀的形锁合连接。如果将冲压头从复合体移去，则该冲压头基于弹性再次变形回去并且可以被重新用于该方法。将硅树脂作为用于冲压头的材料的另一个优点是硅树脂突出的分离特性，从而在将装饰体压入到载体之后可以以简单的方式移去所述冲压头，而没有将已压入的装饰体再次从载体中撕扯出的危险。
可以制成冲压头的可能的弹性体是聚氨酯橡胶、聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)、聚酯-聚氨酯橡胶、天然橡胶(橡胶)、尤其是硅树脂弹性体和硅树脂橡胶。
在按照本发明的方法的一种实施方式中，所述冲压头的表面设有结构部，所述结构部通过压入到载体的热塑性材料中而被压印。在将装饰体压入到熔融的或糊状的载体中时，冲压头基于其延展性在装饰体之外的区域中直接被压到载体上。由此，在所述区域中所述结构部被压印到载体中，从而在载体冷却之后在复合体中产生冲压头的结构部的负图样。除装饰体的布置之外，这是另一个用于改善复合体的视觉外观的步骤，其中特别有利的是，可以进行固定装饰体、也就是说将装饰体粘接或镶嵌在载体上以及在一个唯一的过程步骤中将冲压头的表面结构部进行压印。在此，对被压印到载体中的结构部的类型和构造几乎不设限制，从而对于具有载体和布置在其上或其中的装饰体的复合体的构造产生独特的可能性，主要是因为装饰体的类型和数量以及装饰体的印制图和在装饰体之间的载体表面的外观基于大量可调节的方法参数可以彼此任意地协调，从而能够在多个层次上实现多方面效果的、全面的视觉构造。经不同压印的表面结构部用作按照本发明的复合体的构造的集成部件。
例如，冲压头的表面在其制造时可以设有结构部，该结构部与纺织面料的表面或不同的皮革类型的表面相似。此外，各种不同的几何图案可以被压印到冲压头的表面中，所述几何图案在实施按照本发明的方法时又作为负图样被压印到载体的表面中。此外，也可以将图片、例如公司标志作为正图样转移到该载体上，这些图片作为负成像的浮雕状结构部显示在冲压头的表面中。
在所述方法的一种实施方式中，装饰体利用转印膜被布置在载体上。于是，该转印膜在利用冲压头的压入过程之前从装饰体移去。为此目的可能需要的是，将装饰体预先固定在载体上。针对所述预先固定，所述载体同样可以被加热，以便其热塑性区域变成糊状的或熔融的。在此，装饰体容易地压入到载体中，其中，作用到装饰体上的压力通常比为压入和固定装饰体而施加给能弹性变形的冲压头的压力小。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，通过压紧由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头将装饰体预先固定在载体上，其中，弹性体和尤其是硅树脂同样考虑作为冲压头的材料。但用于预先固定装饰体的冲压头可以具有与用于压入和固定装饰体的冲压头不同的邵氏硬度。但也可以规定：仅使用一种类型的冲压头不仅用于预先固定装饰体，而且也用于将装饰体压入和固定在载体中。基于所述预先固定，于是转印膜可以被取走，而没有将装饰体从载体中不希望地移去的危险。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述载体的在其中布置有装饰体的区域比载体的除所述区域以外的区域具有更低的熔点。如果载体例如包括多层的热塑性膜或由多个膜制成，则可以规定：在其上布置有装饰体的热塑性膜的那个层或膜比背离该层或膜的这些层或膜具有更低的熔点。由此，在加热载体时仅热塑性膜的外部区域或仅外部的膜变成熔融的或糊状的，而内部区域或内部的膜仅稍微受影响。这具有如下优点：可以避免将装饰体挤压通过整个载体，因为载体具有较高熔点的那些区域在加热期间不是熔融的或糊状的。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于利用复合体装饰物体的方法，该复合体按照如上所述的方法制造，其中，载体以背离装饰体的侧面被固定在物体上。尤其是当载体构造成柔性时，例如当该载体包括热塑性膜或由热塑性膜制成时，所述复合体也可以被固定到复杂成形的三维物体上。
因此，这些物体可以利用所述方法通过固定这种复合体而变得精美且经装饰。特别有利地，当载体由一个或多个热塑性膜制成时可以使用所述方法。膜的柔性和弹性也允许利用所述复合体覆盖复杂成形的三维物体，其中，通过可靠的机械保持将装饰体可靠地固定在载体中。按照热塑性膜的类型，能实现在每个拉伸方向中大约至多30％至40％的弹性，(在室温时)而对装饰体的保持没有造成危害。
在此，复合体可以被固定在纺织面料上、其它塑料物体上的毛毡上，其中，可以粘接或焊接、缝合和/或张紧。例如，复合体可以被固定在无缝的发带、额头饰带或臂带上以用于其装饰。基于复合体沿周向方向的延展性，利用所述方法可以提供用装饰体装饰的发带、头带或臂带，而没有限制其使用性。在此，不同种类的物体也可以后续利用所述方法变得精美。作为应用示例，用于移动电话或平板电脑的外套，以及一般的，不同电子设备、例如计算机鼠标或扬声器的外壳、以及眼镜盒、用于平板电脑和膝上型电脑的外壳和包以及更多物体可利用这种复合体装饰。
基于简单的制造方法，可以将多个装饰体设置成一种特殊希望的图案并且于是在按照本发明的复合体中实现。于是在复合体方面，为了以特殊图案使得物体变得精美或经装饰可以考虑所述复合体。
此外，本发明涉及一种复合体，该复合体包括载体和至少一个宝石，其中，所述载体包括热塑性材料。在此，所述复合体可以按照上述的方法之一进行制造。按照本发明的复合体的特征是，在载体的其上布置有宝石的侧面上至少局部地压印有装饰性浮雕。在此，所述浮雕由载体的热塑性材料构成。由此提供一种复合体，该复合体除通过至少一个宝石装饰外具有以装饰性浮雕形式的其他设计元素。在此，载体本身可以包括单层或多层的热塑性膜或由这些膜中的一个膜制成。所述浮雕状结构部可以如上所述那样以几何图案或图片的形式亦或以不规则图案的形式、例如仿制纺织面料的或皮革的表面构造。在一种优选的实施方式中，所述载体是能弹性变形的。在此，在扁平的载体的情况下在室温时能实现每个拉伸方向30％至40％的弹性可塑性。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述宝石构造为尖底钻形的宝石，所述宝石以汇合成尖端的背面布置在载体中，而具有板面的正面完全或至少局部地从载体中凸出。
在一种优选的实施方式中，宝石的周边缘由载体的热塑性材料至少局部地、优选环形地包围。所述环形的包围部可以作为凸起部卡箍状地包围宝石的最大横截面区域、例如以尖底钻形式的宝石时的部件“Rhondiste”，从而产生宝石在载体上特别稳定的固定。
冲压头的结构部呈浮雕状地构造在冲压头表面上并且例如可以是几何图案、图片亦或不规则图案，例如仿制纺织面料或皮革的表面。
附加的视觉效果可以在于：例如以印刷膜形式印刷的载体表面，在该载体上布置有装饰体。因为由通过浮雕状结构部引起的三维感观、载体的印刷表面的视觉印象以及通过装饰体引起的辅助效果产生合成，并且因此可以实现令人印象深刻的独特的视觉效果。
附图说明
下面借助附图说明在参考附图的情况下详细阐述本发明的其他细节和优点。其中：
图1a至1d示出将两个不同构造的装饰体布置在载体上的示意图，
图2a至2c示出利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头压入装饰体的方法步骤的示意图，
图3a至3d示出将两个不同构造的装饰体布置在载体上的示意图，其中，所述装饰体是尖底钻形的宝石，
图4a至4d示出利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头压入装饰体的方法步骤的示意图，其中，所述装饰体是尖底钻形的宝石，
图5a至5b示出按照本发明的复合体，
图6a至6c示出利用按照本发明的方法产生用于装饰体的托座的示意图，
图7a至7f示出具有包围在载体中的装饰体的复合体的照片，
图8a至8f示出压印在复合体中的结构部的不同实施方式的照片，
图9a至9d示出按照本发明的复合体的灵活的可塑性的示意图，
图10a至10f示出利用按照本发明的复合体进行装饰的物体的示例以及为此的详细视图，以及
图11a至11b示出利用按照本发明的复合体进行覆盖的物体的照片。
具体实施方式
在多个装饰体的情况下，在装饰体的印制图案(Setzmuster)方面可以提前构建设计样品，其中，可以考虑印制机器(Setzmaschine)以用于进行自动化。
为了制造设有结构部5的冲压头4，首先确定结构部5的正图样。如果冲压头4例如由硅树脂(Silikon)制成——按照本发明的复合体1的表面应利用所述冲压头来仿制人造革表面的外观——则所述人造革被张紧在框架中并且这样固定，使得注入到所述框架中的硅树脂不能流出。所述框架的大小与冲压头4的大小有关，而冲压头的大小又与装饰体3的大小有关，该装饰体应利用冲压头4被压入到载体2中。所述框架在压入过程期间也防止侧向挤压硅树脂。
利用所述过程，可以借助冲压头4将各种不同的结构部正面、例如几何结构化的或印有图样的表面、亦或随机结构化的表面(如平坦的皮革表面、砂纸以及类似物)模制到复合体1中。
在由硅树脂制成冲压头4时可以使用邵氏硬度为A0至A15的硅树脂，例如硅树脂、具有硅油的RT 623 A/B、AK 35、具有硬化剂T51的M 4511。
在图1a中示出两个不一样大的具有平坦背面11a、11b的宝石3a、3b如何被布置在转印膜6上。所述背面11a、11b用作载体2的接触面在此，例如可以考虑Nagel&Hermann公司的硅树脂胶粘剂-转印膜(硅胶，与波纹膜强烈粘合)作为转印膜6。所述宝石3a、3b的大小、形状和间距是尽量可以自由选择的。在此，可以通过机器或手动地应用所述装饰体3。作为备选形式，同样可能的是，将装饰体3直接布置在载体2上。
如在图1b中示意性示出的那样，转印膜6连同布置在其上的宝石3a、3b向载体2移动，该载体布置在还冷的加热板12上。在该实施例中，载体2由两层的热塑性膜15制成，必要时补充承载膜。宝石3a、3b以其平坦的背面11a、11b放置到所述热塑性膜15上。在转印膜6的上方，由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头7被放置到宝石3a、3b上。在该实施例中，所述冲压头7同样由硅树脂制成。冲压头7没有用于压印到载体2中的结构部。在此，用于预先固定的冲压头7可以具有在A0至A30之间的邵氏硬度。
在该实施例中，载体2构造为两层的膜15，该膜具有一层聚氨酯熔化膜15a和一层承载膜15b。这种构造为膜15的载体2的可能的示例是Collano Adhesive公司的编号为963344的透射三层膜和编号为963347的黑色两层膜。作为备选形式，对于热塑性膜15或热塑性载体2可以使用聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、非晶态α-烯烃共聚物(APAO)、聚酯弹性体(TPE-E)、聚氨酯弹性体(TPE-U)或共聚酰胺弹性体(TPE-U)。
如已经提到的那样，对于按照本发明的方法可以使用不同大小、形状和颜色的装饰体。尤其是，可以使用具有平坦的背面的宝石3a、3b，但也可以使用尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b。如果使用由不同材料制成的装饰体3，则假定所述装饰体3耐温度变化地在热塑性材料的熔点之上。
在图1c中示出，宝石3a、3b如何被预先固定在热塑性膜15上，以便随后可以将转印膜6从宝石3a、3b移去。首先，冲压头7被施加轻微的压力。所述压力必须这样强，使得宝石3a、3b容易被压到热塑性膜15中。对于压力施加可以使用连续式压机或平板压机。可能的是例如KWSGmbH公司的平台-试验硫化压机KWS VP 320。在大型工业制造中例如可以使用机械制造厂Herbert Meyer GmbH公司的平台-胶合板机。
进一步在该实施例中，所述加热板12被加热到在120℃至160℃之间的温度，在此，维持冲压头7上的压力。在已示出的实施例中，在冲压头7与热塑性膜15之间的距离d在0.2mm至0.5mm之间。
在到达热塑性膜15的熔点之后停止加热所述加热板12，从而膜15可以冷却。在此，冲压头7上的压力保持不变。在大约80℃的温度时移去硅树脂冲压头7并且取走转印膜6。这在图1d中示意性地借助弯曲的箭头示出。
为了将宝石3a、3b压入到载体2中以用于其最终的固定，载体2连同预先固定的宝石3a、3b在压机中被定位在冷的加热板12上。在该实施例中同样由硅树脂制成的冲压头4在压机接通时平面平行地压到载体2上(对照图2a)。冲压头4具有结构部5，通过挤压过程将结构部的负图样压印在载体2中。冲压头4可以同样如冲压头7那样具有在3mm至10mm之间的厚度。如果没有结构部要被压印到复合体1中，则用于预先固定宝石3a、3b的冲压头7在所述方法步骤中也可以考虑用于压入宝石3a、3b。
随后，冲压头4被施加压力。这在图2b中示出。在此，所述压力与装饰体3的大小以及冲压头4的邵氏硬度有关。在所述实施例中压力p＝25kN。可以通过使用框架防止侧向地挤压硅树脂，该框架为更清楚起见在图2a和2b中未示出。由于压力施加，能弹性变形的冲压头4紧贴在宝石3a、3b周围。当然，冲压头4仅具有有限的变形能力使得在宝石3a、3b的边缘上形成空腔13。其他的空腔14在冲压头的浮雕状结构部5处形成。
载体2的糊状的或熔融的热塑性材料被压入到这些空腔14中，从而进一步形成载体2的浮雕状结构部8以及用于装饰体3的托座9。在此，加热板12被加热到在120℃至160℃之间的温度，直到达到热塑性膜15的熔化温度并且对于在该实施例中在1分钟至3分钟之间的保持时间上保持在所述温度上。在此，冲压头4被始终施加压力。在此，所述保持时间与装饰体3的大小有关。在所述方法步骤期间，载体2的塑化的热塑性材料填充在宝石3a、3b的周边缘16上的空腔13以及基于结构部5而产生的空腔14。在施加压力的情况下切断加热板12并且进行冷却到大约80℃的温度。而后移去冲压头7并且从压机中取出完成的具有已固定的宝石3a、3b以及装饰性浮雕8的复合体1。这在图2c中示出。
利用按照本发明的方法，具有汇合成尖端的侧面的装饰体3也可以布置在载体2中。示例性地，以两个不一样大的尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b为示例阐述所述方法为此所需的适应性调整。尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b由具有平坦的板面(Tafel)的正面以及具有尖端19a、19b的背面21a、21b组成。所述尖端19a、19b被放置到载体2中，从而具有板面的正面至少部分地从载体2中凸出。如果尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b利用转印膜6被布置在载体2上或载体中，则具有平坦板面的宝石20a、20b被布置在转印膜6上。在此，需要准确的定向，从而尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b的纵向方向垂直于转印膜6定向。在图3a中示出，两个不一样大的尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b如何被布置在转印膜6上。
与根据图1和图2的实施例不同，在使用尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b时热塑性膜15不被直接放置到加热板12上，而是被放置到保护板22、例如硅树脂板上，该硅树脂板可以具有如冲压头7一样的邵氏硬度。在冲压头7上的压力必须这样强，使得尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b的尖端被容易地挤压到熔化膜15中。对于所述实施例，用于预先固定宝石20a、20b的冲压头7应当没有或仅有非常小的浮雕状结构部，以便尽可能少地影响尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b的位置和定向。示出所述过程的图3b基本上对应于图1b，其中，基于具有尖端19a、19b的尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b在多层热塑性膜15a、15b之下布置有如上所述的保护板22，该保护板就其自身而言被布置在加热板12上。
在图3c和3d中示意性示出的方法步骤对应于与图1c和1d相关所描述的方法步骤，从而可以参阅对此的实施方式。
即使在压入过程期间，如该压入过程在图4a至4d中示出的那样，在由热塑性膜15制成的载体2的情况下，在使用用于尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b的方法时也必须将膜15放置在例如由硅树脂制成的保护板22上。在此，该保护板22可以接近地具有与冲压头4一样的邵氏硬度。在此产生的复合体1可以根据载体2的厚度具有由于压入尖端19a、19b而引起的浮雕状的下侧。所述浮雕状的下侧可以被弄平整，例如其方式为从下方涂覆合适的材料，直到产生平坦的面。
在此，在图4a至4c中示意性示出的方法步骤基本上对应于图2a至2c的那些方法步骤，其中，但基于尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b的尖端19a、19b，所述宝石20a、20b连同热塑性膜15被压入到保护板22中。在此可以规定：所述保护板22是载体2的组成部分，在该载体中例如膜15与保护板22粘接，如这在图4d中示出的那样。但也可以规定：在压入装饰体3之后又从载体2移去保护板22。
在图5a中示出按照本发明的复合体1，在该复合体中两个不一样大的宝石3a和3b被固定在载体2上，其中，所述载体2在该情况下由具有层15a和15b的热塑性膜15制成。复合体1在宝石3a、3b外部的区域中具有浮雕状结构部8。在此，宝石3a、3b的周边缘16由在压入过程期间产生的托座9包围。由此，宝石3a、3b形锁合地保持在载体2上。所述托座9非常显著地加强粘连的附着。根据装饰体3的边缘区域的构型，托座9可以环形地包围周边缘16，从而产生极其特别稳定的固定。
在图5b中示出复合体1，其中与图5a不同地，宝石20a、20b构造成尖底钻形的。
图6a至图6c示意性地示出，在压入过程期间如何产生托座9和结构部8。首先，装饰体3被布置在载体2上。随后，冲压头4被放置在装饰体3上并且被施加压力。冲压头4在此而且基于其弹性可塑性紧贴到装饰体3上。基于冲压头4的有限的变形能力产生空腔13，该空腔在装饰体3的底部上的周边缘16周围。载体2的热塑性材料在达到熔化温度时开始变成熔融的或糊状的，从而载体2的热塑性材料上升并且填充空腔13，如这利用箭头在图6a中示出。在冷却之后产生形锁合的连接结构。热塑性材料以类似的方式流动到空腔14中，所述空腔在冲压头4的结构化的区域5中产生。这在图6b的示意图中借助箭头示出。
通过装饰体3的周边缘16的合适的几何结构可以优化在装饰体3和载体2之间的机械连接。图6c示出装饰体3的周边缘16的形锁合优化的构型的一种示例。
图7a至7f示出按照本发明的复合体1的各实施例的部分的照片。在图7a中示出复合体1的一部分，在所述复合体中多个不一样大的宝石3a、3b以随机的布置结构镶嵌在载体2中。可良好地看到在经镶嵌的宝石3a、3b之间的结构部8并且所述结构部在该示例中仿制鸵鸟皮的表面。
在图7b中以照片示出按照本发明的复合体1的另一种实施例，其中，托座9包围构造为宝石的装饰体3的周边缘16并且由此提供特别稳定的机械保持。
在图7c中又示出复合体1的一部分，在所述复合体中已压印的结构部8是一种几何图案。在图7d的详细视图中能特别良好地看到托座9。该托座包围以宝石形式构造的装饰体3的周边缘16。在该情况下，载体2包括多层的热塑性膜15，其中，最外面的膜15a对于可见光谱的光基本上构造为透射的，从而托座9尽可能少地影响由宝石引起的闪耀效果。
在图7e中示出另一照片，该照片涉及按照本发明的复合体1的一部分，在所述复合体中除不一样大的宝石3a、3b之外星形的装饰体3也布置在载体2中，其中，在所述载体2中压印有仿制皮革表面的结构部8。在根据图7f的详细视图中示出，托座9如何布置在星形的装饰体的边缘周围并且如何保证特别稳定的保持。
图8a至8f示出压印到复合体1中的结构部8的不同实施方式的照片，其中，根据图8a和8b的结构部8仿制两个不同纺织面料的表面，而根据图8c的结构部仿制鸵鸟皮的表面并且根据图8d的结构部8仿制小牛皮的表面。在图8e和8f中，将几何图案作为结构部8压印到复合体1的表面中。存在各种各样的设计可能性。
图9a至9d示出复合体1的优点，在该复合体中载体2由热塑性膜15制成。在图9a中，复合体1应被粘在拱形的或柔性的物体10上，例如计算机鼠标或手提包上。基于热塑性膜15的柔性和装饰体3a、3b的可靠保持，各种不同成型的以及也本身柔性的物体10可以利用复合体1装饰。
图9b以类似的方式示出，有弹性的物体10在室温时可以被拉长大约30％至40％，而不丢失装饰体3a、3b，所述有弹性的物体设有由热塑性膜15连同在其中固定的装饰体3a、3b制成的复合体1。
图9c和9d类似于图9a和9b具有如下区别：装饰体3构造为尖底钻形的宝石20a、20b并且利用其尖端19a、19b以及承载膜15嵌入到由柔性材料制成的保护层23中，从而防止压出宝石20a、20b。保护板22例如可以设置为保护层23。
在图10a至10e中示出计算机鼠标10，其后面的区域分别覆盖有按照本发明的复合体1，其中基于载体2的弹性性能能够毫无问题地适合于计算机鼠标10的表面。在此，基于极其稳定的保持，在载体2中的装饰体3不存在丢失装饰体3的危险。在图10a至10e中示出的计算机鼠标10的情况下，分别布置有多个以不一样大的宝石3a、3b形式的装饰体3。在此，各实施方式通过压印到复合体1中的浮雕状结构部8彼此区别开。而在图10c和10d中压印有几何图案，在图10a、10b和10e中仿制皮革的或纺织面料的表面。
在另一种实施方式中，图10f的详细视图示出复合体1，该复合体布置在物体10上，其中，在该复合体中以宝石、但也以星形构造体3为形式布置有各种不同的装饰体3。
在图11a中示出眼镜盒10的照片，其外壳覆盖有复合体1，该复合体由柔性载体2连同多个布置在其中的宝石3组成。
在图11b中示出扬声器10的照片，其外壳在一侧上覆盖有复合体1，在该复合体1中以规律的布置结构包围有多个宝石3。

Claims (13)

1.用于制造复合体(1)的方法，该复合体包括载体(2)和至少一个装饰体(3)、优选宝石(3a、3b)，其中，所述载体(2)包括热塑性材料，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将所述装饰体(3)布置在载体(2)上
-加热载体(2)
-利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头(4)将装饰体(3)压入到载体(2)中，其中，从弹性体组中选择所述冲压头(4)的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述载体(2)包括单层或多层的热塑性膜(15)或由单层或多层的热塑性膜(15)制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，载体(2)包括对于可见光谱的光基本上透射的膜(15)。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其中，所述冲压头(4)的表面设有结构部(5)，所述结构部通过压入到载体(2)的热塑性材料中而被压印。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其中，所述装饰体(3)利用转印膜(6)被布置在载体(2)上。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其中，通过利用由能弹性变形的材料制成的冲压头(7)压紧在载体(2)上将装饰体(3)预先固定在载体(2)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述冲压头(7)用于预先固定装饰体(3)以及也用于压入装饰体。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的方法，其中，所述载体(2)的在其中布置有装饰体(3)的区域比载体(2)的除所述区域以外的区域具有更低的熔点。
9.用于利用复合体(1)装饰物体(10)的方法，该复合体按照根据权利要求1至8之一所述的方法制成，其特征在于，所述载体(2)以背离装饰体(3)的侧面被固定在所述物体(10)上。
10.复合体(1)，包括载体(2)和至少一个宝石(3a、3b)，其中，所述载体(2)包括热塑性材料并且所述复合体(1)尤其是按照根据权利要求1至8之一所述的方法制成，其特征在于，在载体(2)的其上布置有宝石(3a、3b)的侧面上至少局部地压印有装饰性浮雕(8)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的复合体，其中，该载体(2)是能弹性变形的。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的复合体，其中，所述宝石(3a、3b)的周边缘由载体(2)的热塑性材料至少局部地、优选环形地包围。
13.根据权利要求10至12之一所述的复合体，其中，所述宝石(3a、3b)是尖底钻形的宝石(20a、20b)，所述宝石以汇合成尖端(19a、19b)的背面(21a、21b)布置在载体(2)中。
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