CN107501913A - 一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107501913A
CN107501913A CN201710596137.1A CN201710596137A CN107501913A CN 107501913 A CN107501913 A CN 107501913A CN 201710596137 A CN201710596137 A CN 201710596137A CN 107501913 A CN107501913 A CN 107501913A
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戴家兵
王武生
李维虎
郭文鹤
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,该方法先以含碳碳双键大分子二元醇、聚醚或聚酯二元醇、磺酸型扩链剂、二异氰酸酯等为原料获得含碳碳双键的水性聚氨酯乳液,在水性聚氨酯结构中引入碳碳双键,在硫化剂作用在水性聚氨酯与天然乳胶中聚异戊二烯通过碳碳双键断裂产生化学键交联,从而改善极性水性聚氨酯与非极性天然乳胶相容性差的问题,以该乳液制备的安全套具有成膜致密性好、强度高、蠕变小、肤感好的优点。

Description

一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医用高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法。
技术背景
天然乳胶是天然可再生水性分散体,以天然乳胶为原材料,经适当的硫化处理制备的橡胶制备具有回弹性好、断裂伸长率高、蠕变小等特点,是用于制备安全套的主要原材料,但以天然乳胶为原材料制备的安全套存在断裂强度小、存在致敏性的水溶性蛋白质、成膜致密性差等缺点;并且以天然乳胶为原材料制备的安全套厚度均在36μm以上,膜厚用户体验差,做成36μm以下时天然乳胶安全套存在强度差,使用时易破损的缺点。
水性聚氨酯是一种环保型高分子材料,具有独特的软硬段结构,通过裁剪工艺可获得不同性能的高分子材料,并且聚氨酯材料具有无毒、生物相容性好、成膜致密、断裂强度高等特性,在医疗领域有着广泛应用。
以水性聚氨酯为原材料可制得用户体验好、致密性好、不致敏、高强度的超薄安全套,但和天然乳胶相比,水性聚氨酯安全套的断裂伸长率低、蠕变性差。
CN 103640133 A公开一种全合或复合水性聚氨酯安全套的制备方法,通过三次浸渍制备内外两层为水性聚氨酯、中间层为乳胶的复合水性聚氨酯安全套,但由于水性聚氨酯为极性高分子、天然乳胶为非极性高分子,二者间相容性差,而且该发明所制备的全合或复合水性聚氨酯安全套爆破强度仅有1.1kPa,最大力仅有3.0 N,实际使用过程总存在产品破裂的风险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是克服现有缺陷,提供一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
(1)将15~39份含碳碳双键大分子二元醇、39~62.4份聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇投入反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至100~110℃,-0.1MPa条件下真空脱水至含水率在0.03%以下,投入11.58~17.6份二异氰酸酯,升温至80~90℃,保温反应 1~3小时,降温至40℃,投入1.4~1.9份小分子扩链剂和20~30份丙酮,搅拌升温至80℃,保温反应2~3小时,降温至50℃,投入100~120份丙酮,搅拌升温至50~53℃,投入13.5~16.5份磺酸型扩链剂水溶液,保温反应20~40min,然后降温至20~30℃,得到预聚体;
(2)将预聚体转移至乳化器中,在1000~1400r/min高速搅拌下匀速将 100~120份冰水混合物加入预聚体中,预聚体打开后继续搅拌5min,然后将转速调整至400r/min,加入1.4~2.0份后扩链剂,继续搅拌3~5小时,得到乳液;
(3)将乳液升温至40~45℃,-0.09MPa条件下脱去乳液中的丙酮,制得含碳碳双键的水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)将70~90份步骤(3)的水性聚氨酯乳液、10~30份天然胶乳、0.06~ 0.36份硫化剂、0.024~0.072份促进剂、0.06~0.18份防老剂投入反应釜,升温至60℃保温硫化10~20小时,降温至室温,10000~15000r/min离心处理,得到天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯。
天然乳胶中一般含有做保鲜剂的氨水,作为优选技术方案,所述含碳碳双键的水性聚氨酯为磺酸型水性聚氨酯,磺酸型水性聚氨酯具有优异的耐酸碱性,羧酸型水性聚氨酯在氨水存在情况下稳定性差。
作为优选技术方案,所述含碳碳双键大分子二元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯丙烯腈(HTBN),平均分子量为2000~3000g/mol,使用HTBN可降低水性聚氨酯极性,增加水性聚氨酯乳液与天然乳胶的相容性,同时HTBN中的碳碳双键在硫化剂存在的情况下可与天然胶乳中碳碳双键产生化学键交联。
作为优选技术方案,所述聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇的平均分子量为2000~3000g/mol,优选地,所述聚醚二元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇和/或聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二元醇。
作为优选技术方案,所述二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)或氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)中一种或多种。
作为优选技术方案,所述小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)和/或二甘醇。
作为优选技术方案,所述磺酸型扩链剂为乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(A95),优选为乙二胺基磺酸钠的2倍水溶液。
作为优选技术方案,所述后扩链剂为乙二胺,优选为乙二胺的5倍水溶液。
作为优选技术方案,步骤(4)所述天然乳胶的固含量为40%。
作为优选技术方案,所述硫化剂为硫磺;所述促进剂为二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌和/或二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钠;所述防老剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和/或2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑。
本发明有益效果在于:
本发明可以很好的改善极性水性聚氨酯与非极性天然乳胶相容性差的问题;在水性聚氨酯结构中引入碳碳双键,在硫化剂作用在水性聚氨酯与天然乳胶中聚异戊二烯通过碳碳双键断裂产生化学键交联,以该乳液制备的安全套具有成膜致密性好、强度高、蠕变小、肤感好的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明进一步描述,但本发明保护范围不仅仅局限于实施例:
实施例1
一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚体制备:将15kg HTBN 2000、60kg聚四氢呋喃醚二醇2000投入反应釜,常温搅拌均匀后加热至100~110℃,-0.1MPa条件下真空脱水至含水率在0.03%以下,投入17.6kgIPDI,缓慢升温至90℃,保温反应2小时,降温至 40℃,投入1.9kg的1,4-丁二醇和20kg丙酮,搅拌升温至80℃,保温反应2小时,降温至50℃,投入100kg丙酮,搅拌升温至53℃,投入16.5kg A95水溶液 (A95用2倍质量的水溶解),保温反应20min,然后降温至20℃,获得预聚体;
(2)乳化过程:将预聚体转移至乳化器中,调整转盘转速至1000r/min高速搅拌下匀速将100kg的冰水混合物加入预聚体中,预聚体打开后继续搅拌5min,然后将转速调整至400r/min,加入1.58kg后扩链剂(乙二胺用5倍质量的水溶解),继续搅拌3~5小时;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的乳液升温至40~45℃,-0.09MPa条件下脱去乳液中的丙酮,制得含碳碳双键的水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备:将90kg步骤(3)制得的水性聚氨酯乳液、10kg天然胶乳(固含量为40%)、0.06kg硫磺、0.024kg二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、0.06kg2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚投入反应釜,缓慢升温至60℃保温硫化10 小时,降温至室温,15000r/min离心处理。
实施例2
一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚体制备:将39kg HTBN 3000、39kg聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二元醇 3000投入反应釜,常温搅拌均匀后加热至100~110℃,-0.1MPa条件下真空脱水至含水率在0.03%以下,投入11.58kgHDI,缓慢升温至80℃,保温反应3小时,降温至40℃,投入1.4kg二甘醇和30kg丙酮,搅拌升温至80℃,保温反应3 小时,降温至50℃,投入120kg丙酮,搅拌升温至50℃,投入13.5kg A95水溶液(A95用2倍质量的水溶解),保温反应40min,然后降温至20~30℃,获得预聚体;
(2)乳化过程:将预聚体转移至乳化器中,调整转盘转速至1000~1400 r/min高速搅拌下匀速将110kg的冰水混合物加入预聚体中,预聚体打开后继续搅拌5min,然后将转速调整至400r/min,加入2.0kg后扩链剂(由乙二胺用5倍质量的水溶解得到),继续搅拌5小时;
(3)脱溶过程:将步骤(2)获得的乳液升温至40~45℃,-0.09MPa条件下脱去乳液中的丙酮,制得含碳碳双键水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备:将70kg步骤(3)制得的水性聚氨酯乳液、30kg天然胶乳(固含量为40%)、0.36kg硫磺、0.072kg二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、0.18kg2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑投入反应釜,缓慢升温至60℃保温硫化20 小时,降温至室温,10000r/min离心处理。
实施例3
一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚体制备:将15.6kg HTBN 3000、62.4kg聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇 2000投入反应釜,常温搅拌均匀后加热至100~110℃,-0.1MPa条件下真空脱水至含水率在0.03%以下,投入8kg IPDI和9.43kgH12MDI,缓慢升温至80℃,保温反应3小时,降温至40℃,投入1.68kg二甘醇和30kg丙酮,搅拌升温至 80℃,保温反应3小时,降温至50℃,投入110kg丙酮,搅拌升温至52℃,投入 15kg A95水溶液(A95用2倍质量的水溶解),保温反应40min,然后降温至 20℃,获得预聚体;
(2)乳化过程:将预聚体转移至乳化器中,调整转盘转速至1400r/min高速搅拌下匀速将110kg的冰水混合物加入预聚体中,预聚体打开后继续搅拌5min,然后将转速调整至400r/min,加入1.8kg后扩链剂(由乙二胺用5倍质量的水溶解得到),继续搅拌5小时;
(3)脱溶过程:将步骤(2)获得的乳液升温至40~45℃,-0.09MPa条件下脱去乳液中的丙酮,制得含碳碳双键水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备:将70kg步骤(3)制得的水性聚氨酯乳液、30kg天然胶乳(固含量为40%)、0.3kg硫磺、0.05kg二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、0.1kg2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑投入反应釜,缓慢升温至60℃保温硫化10小时,降温至室温,13000r/min离心处理。
使用以上各实施案例所制备的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯按常规浸渍法(工艺流程包括:清洗模具→浸渍→卷边→干燥→脱模。根据对厚度的需求,可进行多次浸渍→干燥→浸渍)制备聚氨酯安全套,对所制得的安全套依据GB7544-2004、 GB/T7546-2004和GB/T7547-2004进行性能检测,测试结果如下表1所示:
表1 各安全套性能测试结果
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制备安全套的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
(1)将15~39份含碳碳双键大分子二元醇、39~62.4份聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇投入反应釜,搅拌均匀后加热至100~110℃,-0.1MPa条件下真空脱水至含水率在0.03%以下,投入11.58~17.6份二异氰酸酯,升温至80~90℃,保温反应1~3小时,降温至40℃,投入1.4~1.9份小分子扩链剂和20~30份丙酮,搅拌升温至80℃,保温反应2~3小时,降温至50℃,投入100~120份丙酮,搅拌升温至50~53℃,投入13.5~16.5份磺酸型扩链剂,保温反应20~40min,然后降温至20~30℃,得到预聚体;
(2)将预聚体转移至乳化器中,在1000~1400r/min高速搅拌下匀速将100~120份冰水混合物加入预聚体中,预聚体打开后继续搅拌5min,然后将转速调整至400r/min,加入1.4~2.0份后扩链剂,继续搅拌3~5小时,得到乳液;
(3)将乳液升温至40~45℃,-0.09MPa条件下脱去乳液中的丙酮,制得含碳碳双键的水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)将70~90份步骤(3)的水性聚氨酯乳液、10~30份天然胶乳、0.06~0.36份硫化剂、0.024~0.072份促进剂、0.06~0.18份防老剂投入反应釜,升温至60℃保温硫化10~20小时,降温至室温,10000~15000r/min离心处理,得到天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述含碳碳双键大分子二元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯丙烯腈,优选地,平均分子量为2000~3000g/mol。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇的平均分子量为2000~3000g/mol,优选地,所述聚醚二元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇和/或聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)或氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)中一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)和/或二甘醇;所述磺酸型扩链剂为乙二胺基磺酸钠,优选地,所述磺酸型扩链剂为乙二胺基磺酸钠的2倍水溶液;所述后扩链剂为乙二胺,优选地,所述后扩链剂为乙二胺的5倍水溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述天然乳胶的固含量为40%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硫化剂为硫磺;所述促进剂为二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌和/或二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钠;所述防老剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚或2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑。
8.一种依权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法制备的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯。
9.权利要求8所述天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯的应用,其特征在于:所述天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯在制备安全套中的应用。
10.一种安全套,其特征在于:所述安全套由权利要求8所述的天然乳胶改性水性聚氨酯制得。
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