CN107501012B - Composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of protected vegetable field and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of protected vegetable field and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of a protected vegetable field and application thereof, wherein the composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of attapulgite powder, 10-20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 30-45 parts of activated weathered coal, 10-25 parts of edible fungus residues, 1-5 parts of iron powder, 10-20 parts of struvite and 1-3 parts of sucrose. The composite material is used for constructing the nitrogen and phosphorus loss barrier layer in the vegetable field soil of the greenhouse facility, can improve the fixation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the root layer soil body and promote the conversion, reduces the leaching loss of the nitrogen and phosphorus to underground water, promotes the reuse of phosphorus and the safe conversion of nitrogen, thereby improving the nutrient utilization rate and effectively reducing the leaching loss of the nitrogen and phosphorus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of a protected vegetable field and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of process blocking and interception for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in agricultural non-point source pollution.
Technical Field
The demand of vegetables is more and more increased due to the rapid development of agriculture, the production area of facilities in China is about 575 hectares in 2015 year, and the vegetable area of the facilities accounts for about 93%. In a vegetable management system, a vegetable grower blindly applies excessive fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) in order to improve the yield of vegetable crops, and the characteristic of high multiple cropping index of facility vegetables is that the application of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer causes excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen on a soil profile, and under the conditions of strong rainfall and big water irrigation, nitrogen leaching is easily caused, so that great nitrogen pollution risk is brought to underground water.
The total nitrogen (calculated by pure N) input of three crops in the facility vegetable field of the Taihu lake region in one year reaches 900-1300 kg.hm-2The highest nitrate content of surrounding shallow groundwater is 35.0mg/L, the average value is N10.2 mg/L, the nitrate content is higher than the nitrate content standard (N10 mg/L) of drinking groundwater in China (GB5749-2006), the exceeding rate of the nitrate of the groundwater reaches 35%, and the nitrate content of the groundwater is a potential threat to the health of residents. Research shows that the leaching amount of nitrate in the leacheate collected in 0-100 cm soil of facility vegetable land with shouguang in Shandong reaches about 120 kgN.hm-2The effective phosphorus content in the vegetable fields planted in suburbs of Changsha for 10-15 years and 30 years can reach 146.9mg/kg and 225.0mg/kg respectively, and the pollution to underground water can be directly caused.
When intensive, efficient and high-yield facility vegetables are developed, the problem of environmental pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus is solved under the condition of applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Therefore, the research on the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in vegetable field soil and the control measures thereof have important significance for protecting underground water resources. At present, related researches are carried out by research institutions in the aspect of controlling the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer. For example, chinese patent document CN 1915917 a (application No. 200610041235.0) discloses an environment-friendly composite material for controlling the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and its application, wherein the patent uses attapulgite chitosan, polyacrylamide and other materials to modify, then compounds with nitrogen fertilizer in a certain proportion, granulates, and makes a new type of nitrogen fixation fertilizer with environmental protection, low cost and high efficiency, which is a fertilizer product for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and has a certain function of reducing the loss or volatilization risk of nitrogen element; chinese patent document CN 101367689A (application number 200710026065.3) discloses an environment-friendly composite material for controlling loss of nitrogen fertilizer, which comprises active mineral soil, high molecular material and monoammonium phosphate as raw material components, wherein the composite material fixes nitrogen, and the composite material cannot replace fertilizer, but the application method is the same as that of the fertilizer, so that the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the risk of loss or volatilization of nitrogen can be reduced; chinese patent document CN 105001024 a (application No. 201510437628.2) discloses a preparation with nitrification inhibition and urease inhibition functions, which reduces ammonia volatilization by reducing the conversion of amide nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen on one hand, and reduces nitrogen pollution by slowing down the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen on the other hand, so as to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
The above patents all belong to pollution source control technical products, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by measures of reducing the using amount of the fertilizer, adding an inhibitor, reducing the release speed of nutrients and the like; the invention relates to a process interception technology for controlling pollution and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which aims at the existing agricultural production mode, fixes and converts nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients which are leached to the lower layer of a root system, reduces leaching loss to underground water and belongs to the process interception technology for controlling pollution and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. At present, the most studied process interception technology is to form a plant interception zone by planting hedges and green manure plants and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss through surface runoff. The leaching process barrier technology is less researched in soil. Therefore, research nitrogen phosphorus runs off separation combined material and application thereof, through constructing the barrier layer at the leaching risk layer, be fixed in phosphorus element and ammonium nitrogen in the barrier layer, absorb through capillary hole and deep root system and be recycled, the suitable denitrification process's of environment that nitrate nitrogen and barrier layer material constitute emergence, convert unnecessary nitrogen element into nitrogen gas and release back to the air in, avoid the leaching loss to groundwater, protect groundwater quality safety, have important meaning to promoting resource high efficiency and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a composite material for blocking leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in a protected vegetable field and application thereof.
The invention provides a composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of facility vegetable ground with low cost and good effect, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of attapulgite powder, 10-20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 30-45 parts of activated weathered coal, 10-25 parts of edible fungus residues, 1-5 parts of iron powder, 10-20 parts of struvite and 1-3 parts of sucrose.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of attapulgite powder, 15-20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 35-40 parts of activated weathered coal, 15-20 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-4 parts of iron powder, 12-18 parts of struvite and 1-2 parts of sucrose.
The activated weathered coal is prepared by the following method: crushing weathered coal, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20: 2-5, adjusting the humidity to 35% -50% of water content, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 h to obtain the water-based paint.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the composite material, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of activated weathered coal: crushing weathered coal, sieving the weathered coal by a sieve of 2mm, mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to a certain weight ratio, adjusting the humidity to 35-50% of water content, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 h to obtain activated weathered coal containing high-content water-soluble humic acid;
the weight ratio of the weathered coal, the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonium phosphate is 100: (10-20): (2-5);
(2) weighing attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, activated weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the barrier composite material.
Preferably, the weathered coal, the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonium phosphate in the step (1) are mixed, and then the water content is adjusted to 40-45%.
The content of free humic acid in the weathered coal after activation can be improved by 30-50 percent, and the content of water-soluble humic acid can reach 1-8 times.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of the composite material, namely application of the composite material for blocking nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in the facility vegetable field in constructing a blocking layer for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in the greenhouse facility vegetable field.
The greenhouse facility vegetable land is a newly-built greenhouse facility vegetable land or an old greenhouse facility vegetable land needing soil dressing.
The specific method is that the composite material is laid at a designated depth position of a vegetable field of a greenhouse facility, compacted and covered with plough layer soil, and the applied composite material forms a barrier layer for preventing and controlling the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. The depth of the blocking layer in the greenhouse facility vegetable field is 40-60 cm, and the thickness of the blocking layer is 4-8 cm.
After 4-5 years, the barrier layer is mixed with surface soil through deep ploughing, wherein residual nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the composition materials are favorable for loosening the soil and improving the soil fertility. A new barrier layer was reconstructed as described above.
The raw materials adopted by the invention are all active components, and the functions of the components are as follows:
the attapulgite powder is a hydrous magnesium-rich silicate clay mineral with a chain lamellar structure. The structure of the mineral belongs to 2:1 type clay minerals. In each 2:1 unit structure layer, the tetrahedral wafer angular tips are reversed at a certain distance to form a chain. Channels are formed between the tetrahedral strips in parallel with the chains, and the channels are filled with zeolite water and crystal water. Due to the unique crystal structure of the attapulgite, the attapulgite has a plurality of special physical and chemical and technological properties. The main physical and chemical properties and technological properties are as follows: cation exchangeability, water absorption, adsorption decoloration, and certain plasticity and cohesive force. The special crystal structure of the attapulgite has stronger adsorption and fixation capacity on ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus and better water retention. Nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in water are retained and intercepted by retaining water; in addition, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate are adsorbed through the lattice structure of the adsorbent; in addition, the bonding function can enable the composite material to be conglomerated, thereby facilitating the exertion of the function.
Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP) is a white crystal that is poorly soluble in water, generally with crystal water, and has the molecular formula MgNH4PO4·6H2And O. It P is2O5The content is 58 percent, and the phosphate rock is high-grade phosphate rock. In the wastewater treatment, a struvite precipitation method is adopted, namely, Mg is added into the waste liquid containing high-concentration ammonia nitrogen2+、PO4 3-To form MgNH4PO4·6H2And precipitating O, thereby removing ammonia nitrogen in the water. Hair brushObviously utilizing struvite and Mg in leaching solution2+、PO4 3-、NH4 +Reacting and fixing nitrogen and phosphorus.
The edible fungus dregs have loose and porous physical properties, contain rich organic matters, bioactive components and various soluble organic nutrients, and can also be used as a microbial carrier component for denitrifying bacteria; the invention provides all levels of carbon sources required by microbial activities by utilizing the edible fungus residues, ensures sustainable energy supply of the microbial activities, constructs the composite material with proper density and water retention property due to the structural characteristics of the composite material, and exerts the effect of fixing water-soluble nitrogen and phosphorus by virtue of the characteristics of retaining water. The reaction of iron powder as strong reducer with nitrate is a high-energy-release reaction to generate NO2 -、NH4 +And N2The content of nitrate in the soil is reduced; on the other hand, the oxidized iron ions can be combined with phosphate radicals in the barrier layer to generate phosphate precipitates, and the phosphate ions are fixed and intercepted.
Sodium pyrophosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), molecular formula Na4P2O7·10H2O is also called tetrasodium diphosphate. Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol and other organic solvents, with Cu2+、Mn2+The metal ions have strong complexing ability, can complex and fix other metal ions entering the barrier layer, provides a suitable environment for nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption and holding and various conversion reactions, and eliminates interference.
The sucrose is a micromolecular sugar water compound and can provide a quick-acting carbon source for microorganisms, when the nitrogen in the barrier layer reaches a certain concentration and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is proper, the activity of the microorganisms is intensified, the denitrification of the nitrogen is promoted, the formed nitrogen is volatilized into the air, and nitrate is prevented from leaching underground water.
The barrier material of the invention has the following resistance control principle: the barrier layer constructed in the soil can be used as a carbon source, an anoxic environment can be provided by burying the barrier layer in the lower layer of the soil, the mushroom dregs are used as biological carriers to enhance the activity of denitrifying bacteria, and nitrate is converted into NH by denitrification and reduction of iron powder4 +And N2Adsorption and fixation of NH by struvite4 +To reduce the volatilization of ammonium nitrogen, the attapulgite powder has fixed NH4 +And under the action of phosphate radical, the oxidized iron ions can be combined with the phosphate radical in the barrier layer to generate phosphate precipitation, the phosphate radical ions are fixed and intercepted, and sodium pyrophosphate can complex other metal ions brought by bacteria residue and the like. The components have synergistic effect, so that the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the effect of reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is remarkable: the barrier composite material has good leaching loss prevention and control effects on Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in soil:
the content of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in the leaching solution is measured, and the result shows that after the barrier composite material is applied to soil, leaching loss of TN and TP can be effectively reduced, loss of Total Nitrogen (TN) is reduced by 45%, and loss of Total Phosphorus (TP) is reduced by 38%.
2. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the method is safe and environment-friendly: the raw materials of the invention have wide sources, low price and easy obtainment; the attapulgite powder is derived from soil, and cannot cause secondary pollution to the soil after being applied to the soil; the edible fungus slag contains rich carbon and is a main raw material for forming soil organic matters, the edible fungus slag is a waste of agricultural production, the resource utilization efficiency is improved by secondary utilization, waste is changed into valuable, and the environmental pollution is reduced; the struvite can be used as an excellent nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the activated weathered coal contains rich humic acid, various nutrient elements and the like, can be used as an organic fertilizer source, and is a beneficial substance for improving soil.
3. The material has long sustainable utilization period and can be used as a raw material for fertilizing fields after being utilized: the barrier layer can continuously play a role for 4-5 years, after the capacity of blocking the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, deep tillage is combined, soil is fully mixed with the barrier layer, beneficial substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, humic acid and the like are provided for the soil, and the barrier layer has positive effects of promoting the improvement of soil organic matters, improving the soil fertility and improving the soil biological environment.
4. The shed building and the soil replacement application are combined, and the independent labor force investment is avoided: the invention is suitable for newly-built greenhouses and old greenhouses needing soil dressing, because newly-built greenhouses need to take out plough layer soil, then dig the soil deeply for the construction of the greenhouse body, bury irrigation pipelines and the like, then return the plough layer high-fertility soil to the greenhouse for production and use, and the process is just suitable for laying the product of the invention; the old shed needing soil dressing is characterized in that pathogenic microorganisms and continuous cropping barrier substances in soil are too much due to the increase of the cultivation period, the plough layer soil needs to be replaced, the barrier materials are paved by combining the farming operation of replacing the soil, and the independent labor investment is not needed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and the technical effects thereof are further illustrated by the following specific test methods, and the following description is only for explaining the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention in any way, and any modifications or substitutions based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. The methods of the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1, a barrier composite material for preventing and controlling leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 20 parts of attapulgite powder, 20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 35 parts of activated weathered coal, 20 parts of edible fungus dregs, 5 parts of iron powder, 15 parts of struvite and 1 part of sucrose.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of activated weathered coal: crushing weathered coal, sieving by using a 2mm sieve, mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100:20:5, adjusting the humidity to 40%, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 h to obtain activated weathered coal with the humic acid content of 58.6%;
(2) weighing attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, activated weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the barrier composite material.
Embodiment 2, a barrier composite material for preventing and controlling leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of attapulgite powder, 15 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 40 parts of activated weathered coal, 15 parts of edible fungus residues, 4 parts of iron powder, 18 parts of struvite and 1.5 parts of cane sugar.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of activated weathered coal: crushing weathered coal, sieving by using a 2mm sieve, mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100:15:4, adjusting the humidity to 45%, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 hours to obtain activated weathered coal with the humic acid content of 64.7%;
(2) weighing attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, activated weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the barrier composite material.
Embodiment 3, a barrier composite material for preventing and controlling leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of attapulgite powder, 10 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 45 parts of activated weathered coal, 10 parts of edible fungus residues, 2 parts of iron powder, 20 parts of struvite and 2 parts of sucrose.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of activated weathered coal: crushing weathered coal, sieving by using a 2mm sieve, mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100:10:2, adjusting the humidity to 35%, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 hours to obtain activated weathered coal with the humic acid content of 54.2%;
(2) weighing attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, activated weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the barrier composite material.
Embodiment 4, a barrier composite material for preventing and controlling leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of attapulgite powder, 20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 30 parts of activated weathered coal, 20 parts of edible fungus residues, 3 parts of iron powder, 18 parts of struvite and 2 parts of sucrose.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of activated weathered coal: crushing weathered coal, sieving by using a 2mm sieve, mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100:16:3, adjusting the humidity to 50%, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 h to obtain activated weathered coal with the humic acid content of 60.3%;
(2) weighing attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, activated weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the barrier composite material.
Comparative example 1, different from example 2, in that weathered coal was directly used.
Specifically, the barrier composite material for preventing and controlling the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of attapulgite powder, 15 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 40 parts of weathered coal, 15 parts of edible fungus residues, 4 parts of iron powder, 18 parts of struvite and 2.5 parts of cane sugar.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the attapulgite powder, sodium pyrophosphate, weathered coal, edible fungus residues, iron powder, struvite and sucrose according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
The specific application example is as follows: in 2016-. After being applied, the soil is compacted and covered with plough layer soil.
In the process of arranging the resistance control layer, a field infiltration tank is arranged below the resistance control layer to monitor the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the eluvial water, and the specific method comprises the following steps: digging a circular section with the diameter of 40cm and the depth of 30cm below the resistance control layer, putting the leaching solution collecting barrel into a small section, then placing a concave barrel cover with a plurality of small holes and a liquid collecting pipe on the top of the barrel, covering two layers of 100-mesh nylon gauze nets above the barrel cover, covering cleaned quartz sand above the nylon gauze nets, aligning the quartz sand surface layer with the edge of the barrel cover, and finally covering one layer of 100-mesh nylon gauze net on the quartz sand surface layer.
Planting tomatoes in a vegetable field of a newly-built greenhouse facility, and fertilizing the tomatoes at the level of N27 kg/667m2、P2O512kg/667m2、K2O36kg/667m2. After the first and second tomato stubbles are harvested, respectively, the water solution in the liquid collecting barrel is extracted by using a vacuum suction filter, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the solution is determined, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content is compared with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the eluviation water which is not provided with the resistance control layer under the same fertilization and irrigation conditions.
The specific design and results of the test are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 control effect of composite barrier material for protected tomato field on leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus
From table 1, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) after the barrier layer is formed by using the barrier composite material in a facility vegetable field, the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil can be obviously reduced, the highest loss (application example 2) of Total Nitrogen (TN) is reduced by 45%, and the loss of Total Phosphorus (TP) is reduced by 38%.
(2) The activation of the fluidized coal in the barrier composite material greatly improves the barrier effect. The components and the amounts of the barrier composite materials used in application example 2 and comparative example 1 were the same, with the only difference being that the barrier composite material of application example 2 was activated weathered coal, whereas comparative example 1 was made directly from weathered coal. The difference of the two groups in reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is obvious. Application example 2 Total Nitrogen (TN) loss was reduced by 45% and Total Phosphorus (TP) loss was reduced by 38%. While comparative example 1 had a 27% reduction in Total Nitrogen (TN) loss and a 24% reduction in Total Phosphorus (TP) loss. The weathered coal is applied to the nitrogen and phosphorus barrier material after being activated, has better synergistic effect with other components, and has better effect of reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(3) The barrier composite material can achieve the effect of remarkably reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus under the conditions of continuously planting two batches of tomatoes and higher fertilization level. It is speculated that the barrier composites of the present invention may be used for 4-5 years. The composite material is ploughed deeply and returned to the field after 4-5 years, and rich nutrient contents in the composite material can provide sufficient nutrition for crops, so that the application amount of the fertilizer can be greatly reduced, and the composite material is more environment-friendly.
Claims (5)
1. The composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of the facility vegetable field is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
22-28 parts of attapulgite powder, 15-20 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 35-40 parts of activated weathered coal, 15-20 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-4 parts of iron powder, 12-18 parts of struvite and 1-2 parts of sucrose;
the activated weathered coal is prepared by the following method: crushing weathered coal, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and mixing the weathered coal, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20: 2-5, adjusting the water content to 35% -50%, uniformly mixing, sealing at room temperature, and standing for 10-24 h to obtain the product.
2. The composite material for blocking leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the protected vegetable field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weathered coal, the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonium phosphate are mixed and then the water content is adjusted to 40% -45%.
3. The use of the composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in the greenhouse facility vegetable field as claimed in claim 1 for constructing the barrier layer for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in the greenhouse facility vegetable field is characterized in that the composite material is laid at a specified depth position in the greenhouse facility vegetable field, compacted and covered with plough layer soil, and the applied composite material forms the barrier layer for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss.
4. The application of claim 3, wherein the greenhouse vegetable field is a newly-built greenhouse vegetable field or an old greenhouse vegetable field needing soil dressing.
5. The use of claim 3, wherein the depth of the barrier layer in the greenhouse vegetable field is 40 to 60cm, and the thickness is 4 to 8 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710690787.2A CN107501012B (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2017-08-14 | Composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of protected vegetable field and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710690787.2A CN107501012B (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2017-08-14 | Composite material for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of protected vegetable field and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107501012A CN107501012A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
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| CN110063102A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-30 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | The composition of intensive vegetable filed barrier phosphorus leaching and its application |
| CN110511759A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of application of mineral powder soil conditioner and its resistance control Cd uptake and nitrogen loss |
| CN110982531A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-10 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for facility vegetable land and preparation method thereof |
| CN111295964B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2022-06-07 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for returning solanaceous vegetable straws to field in situ |
| WO2023094608A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-01 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Adsorbent materials for mineral soils |
| CN115500107B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-06-06 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Soil improvement method for continuous cropping land of crops |
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| CN1990432A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-04 | 郭宗恒 | Processing method for humic acidic ammonium complex blending fertilizer |
| CN101372429A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-02-25 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Nitrogen synergistic agent for intensive vegetable filed and preparation thereof |
| CN104892156A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Special ecological fertilizer for acid soil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1990432A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-04 | 郭宗恒 | Processing method for humic acidic ammonium complex blending fertilizer |
| CN101372429A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-02-25 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Nitrogen synergistic agent for intensive vegetable filed and preparation thereof |
| CN104892156A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Special ecological fertilizer for acid soil and preparation method thereof |
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