CN110982531A - Nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for facility vegetable land and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for facility vegetable land and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for a facility vegetable field, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of pseudomonas, 5-12 parts of bacillus, 5-12 parts of filamentous yeast, 5-12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-18 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 25-35 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers. The nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner is prepared by preparing a nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier, preparing a composite microbial inoculum and mixing. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner can improve the ecological environment of soil microorganisms, promote plant growth and be applied as a biological organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution prevention and control, in particular to a nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for a facility vegetable field and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The facility agriculture in China develops rapidly, the production area is increased from 1.5 ten thousand hectares in 1983 to 575 ten thousand hectares in 2015, and the facility vegetables account for more than 90 percent. The facility vegetable planting system is single, and the multiple cropping index is high; in order to ensure high yield of vegetables, farmers often apply a large amount of fertilizer. According to investigation, the nitrogen application amount of the facility vegetables in each season is N674-1785 kg/hm2Phosphorus amount is P2O5460～2460kg/hm2The average input amount exceeds 7.2 times and 12.9 times of the nutrient demand of the vegetables. However, the current season utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is low, only 10% -18%, which causes the accumulation of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil.
The average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the plough layer can reach 695-936 mg/kg, and is 13-18 times higher than that of the grain field; the average per-season residual phosphorus content is P527 kg/hm2And the effective phosphorus content of 87 percent of the facility vegetable field exceeds the phosphorus environment threshold value.
The traditional irrigation mode of the vegetable planting area of the intensive facility is flood irrigation, and the irrigation quantity of each season reaches 800-1000 mm. Even if drip irrigation is adopted, the irrigation quantity of vegetables in each season can reach 300-450 mm. Under the condition, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss is large, and the non-point source pollution load is serious. Under the traditional water and fertilizer management mode, the leaching loss of nitrogen can reach 20-40%, and N is 250-500 kg/hm every year2Nitrate nitrogen leaching loss. The leaching coefficient of phosphorus is lower than that of nitrogen, however, when the content of available phosphorus exceeds the environmental threshold, the leaching loss risk of phosphorus is increased.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are the biggest threats to water quality safety, and reducing the discharge of agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment is the core of non-point source pollution prevention and control. Agricultural emissions TN and TP account for 57.2% and 67.3% of national emissions.
The problem that the soil is deteriorated, vegetables are greedy, the fertilizer is not applied for a long time, the fertilizer is applied for a long time, and the fertilizer is not as good as the prior fertilizer, is particularly obvious in a greenhouse with continuous planting for more than three years, and is more serious in the greenhouse with unchanged method for continuously using the fertilizer by a vegetable grower; excessive fertilization leads to the above problems of acidification, salinization, reduction of microbial diversity, etc.
The existing prevention and control technology for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the protected vegetable field soil mainly comprises three aspects of source control, process blocking and tail end treatment. However, each method has some disadvantages, and the control is carried out by means of decrement fertilization from the source, and although the control is carried out from the source, the input amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, two problems may occur, namely that the reduction of the input amount of nitrogen and phosphorus easily causes the yield reduction of vegetables, and the current situation of the soil with high content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the facility vegetable field cannot be changed. The process blocking mainly refers to physical blocking of leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, but the cost required by the physical blocking technology is high and is not easy to popularize. And the development of end treatment technology lacks product support.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner which has low cost, simple and convenient preparation and good prevention and control effect and is suitable for the facility vegetable land and the preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier with low cost, simple and convenient preparation and good prevention and control effects and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the practical problems and requirements of high nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation amount, low nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate and the like in domestic facility vegetable field soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for a facility vegetable field comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-18 parts of pseudomonas, 5-12 parts of bacillus, 5-12 parts of filamentous yeast, 5-12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-18 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 25-35 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
The various microbial agents function as: (1) decomposing organic matters, dissolving phosphorus, assimilating and absorbing and denitrifying; (2) changing the occurrence form of nitrogen and phosphorus, absorbing and utilizing nitrate nitrogen, and consuming nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in soil; (3) activate the insoluble phosphate in the soil.
The main effects of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier are as follows: (1) the nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil are adsorbed, the temporary storage function is realized, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil solution are released when the concentration of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil solution is reduced, and the nitrogen and phosphorus are adsorbed when the concentration of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil solution is high; (2) the microbial inoculum is mixed with the microbial inoculum to provide a carrier for the microbial inoculum, so that the microbial inoculum has stronger buffer property when entering soil, improves the survival rate and the adaptability of bacteria, and is more beneficial to the microbial inoculum to play a role.
Further, the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the facility vegetable field comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-15 parts of pseudomonas, 5-10 parts of bacillus, 5-10 parts of filamentous yeast, 5-10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-15 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 25-30 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
Further, the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the facility vegetable field comprises the following components in parts by mass: 13 parts of pseudomonas, 7 parts of bacillus, 7 parts of filamentous yeast, 7 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 13 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner is more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
Preferably, the particle size of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is less than 0.1 mm.
A preparation method of a nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for a facility vegetable field comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier:
① dispersing corn stalks in an ethanol solution with the mass-volume ratio of 1:10, sequentially adding a NaOH solution and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and stirring in a water bath at 45 ℃ to react for 3 hours;
② adjusting the pH value of the reaction system to be neutral, and filtering to obtain a reaction pre-product;
③ washing the reaction pre-product with methanol solution and ethanol solution in sequence, drying at 60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier;
(4) weighing and uniformly mixing pseudomonas, bacillus, filamentous yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria according to parts by weight to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(5) and weighing the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier and the composite microbial inoculum according to the mass part, and uniformly mixing to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the NaOH solution in the step ① is 2%, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the corn stalks to the NaOH solution is 1: 3/4.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the corn stalks to the 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in the step ① is 1: 2.
Preferably, glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide are used for pH adjustment in step ②.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner can improve the microbial ecological environment of soil and promote plant growth, and is applied as a biological organic fertilizer;
(2) decomposing organic matters, dissolving phosphorus, assimilating and absorbing and denitrifying; changing the occurrence form of nitrogen and phosphorus, absorbing and utilizing nitrate nitrogen, and consuming nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in soil; activate the insoluble phosphate in the soil.
(3) The nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is mixed with the microbial agent to provide a carrier for the microbial agent, so that the microbial agent has stronger buffering property when entering soil, the survival rate and the adaptability of bacteria are improved, and the microbial agent can play a role.
(4) Low cost, simple preparation process and easy industrial production and popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different fertilization treatments on cucumber yield in experiment 1 of the present invention;
figure 2 the figure shows the effect of different fertilization treatments on the nitrate content in cucumber according to experiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The sources of microorganisms in the examples are as follows:
pseudomonas was purchased from Shanghai research and practice Co., Ltd;
bacillus was purchased from Shanghai Nature Biotech, Inc.;
filamentous yeast is purchased from northern Nabio;
photosynthetic bacteria were purchased from Shanghai plain Biotech, Inc.;
denitrifying bacteria were purchased from North sea shoal bioengineering, Inc.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier
① dispersing 8kg of corn stalk in 80L of ethanol, sequentially adding 6L of 2% NaOH solution and 16kg of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and stirring in a water bath at 45 ℃ for reaction for 3 h;
② regulating pH of the reaction system to neutral with glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide, and filtering to obtain pre-reaction product;
③, fully washing the reaction pre-product with a methanol solution and an ethanol solution in sequence, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier;
(2) weighing 10kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of bacillus, 5kg of filamentous yeast, 5kg of photosynthetic bacteria and 10kg of denitrifying bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum with 25kg of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Example 2
(1) The preparation of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is the same as that of example 1;
(2) weighing 18kg of pseudomonas, 12kg of bacillus, 12kg of filamentous yeast, 12kg of photosynthetic bacteria and 18kg of denitrifying bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum with 35kg of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Example 3
(1) The preparation of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is the same as that of example 1;
(2) weighing 10kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of bacillus, 5kg of filamentous yeast, 5kg of photosynthetic bacteria and 10kg of denitrifying bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum with 25kg of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Example 4
(1) The preparation of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is the same as that of example 1;
(2) weighing 15kg of pseudomonas, 10kg of bacillus, 10kg of filamentous yeast, 10kg of photosynthetic bacteria and 15kg of denitrifying bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum with 30kg of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Example 5
(1) The preparation of the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier is the same as that of example 1;
(2) weighing 13kg of pseudomonas, 7kg of bacillus, 7kg of filamentous yeast, 7kg of photosynthetic bacteria and 7kg of denitrifying bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum with 13kg of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
Experiment 1
(1) Test site: shandong Lanling
(2) And (3) experimental design: the experiment was carried out with 4 treatments, each treatment having 4 plots and an area of 57.6m3. 288 cucumbers are processed in each process, the cucumber variety is the cucumber 1701, the irrigation mode is micro-spraying, and the specific experimental treatment is as follows:
① FP group, wherein the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer formed by mixing and decomposing fungus residue, rice hull and cow dung, the dosage is 40 kg/mu, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are additionally applied, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are urea ammonium nitrate solution and ammonium polyphosphate;
② CK group, wherein the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer formed by mixing and decomposing fungus dregs, rice hulls and cow dung, the dosage is 40 kg/mu, and simultaneously, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied;
③ MP group, wherein the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer formed by mixing and decomposing fungus residue, rice hull and cow dung, the dosage is 40 kg/mu, and the dosage is 25 kg/mu by additionally applying a commercial soil conditioner product;
④ NP group, the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention is applied to the base fertilizer on the basis of the FP group at the same time, the dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention is applied to the base fertilizer on the basis of the FP group at the same time, the dosage is 1 kg/mu.
The input amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period of cucumber is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 amount of NPK input for each treatment
(3) Measurement indexes are as follows: the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and phosphate radical in soil, the contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus in leaching water, the cucumber yield and the nitrate content in cucumber.
(4) The determination method comprises the following steps:
① sampling method:
collecting 0-100cm soil samples, wherein each 20cm soil sample is divided into 5 layers;
the leaching water is collected from a leaching barrel embedded in advance in an earth layer below 90 cm.
② nitrate nitrogen content was determined by a continuous flow analyzer for nitrogen (TRAACS 2000, Bran and Luebbe, Norderstedt, Germany);
③ yield measurement, wherein the yield is registered for each picking of cucumber, and the yield of the cucumber in the whole growth period is accumulated and added to be converted into the yield per mu;
④ nitrate content determination, which comprises determining nitrate content in cucumber by high performance liquid chromatography;
⑤ quick-acting phosphorus is 0.5 mol.L-1NaHCO3Leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetry resistance (pH 8.5);
⑥ measuring the content of ammonium nitrogen by adopting a phenol-hypochlorite colorimetric method;
⑦ the phosphate content is measured by the method of GB 11893-89:
⑧ Total nitrogen content was measured by basic potassium persulfate digestion UV spectrophotometry.
(5) And (3) measuring results:
① Effect of different fertilization treatments on cucumber yield
The effect of different fertilization treatments on cucumber yield is shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the yield of the cucumber in CK group is the lowest, which is 7331 kg/mu, and is 13.9% lower than that in FP group. The MP group and the NP group both have the effect of increasing the cucumber yield by 3.4 percent and 8.9 percent respectively. The highest cucumber yield of the NP group is 9280 kg/mu.
② Effect of different fertilization treatments on nitrate content in cucumber
The effect of different fertilization treatments on the nitrate content in cucumber is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the cucumber nitrate nitrogen content is highest in the FP group, 216.7mg/kg, and the nitrate content in the CK and MP group cucumbers is significantly lower than in the FP group, while the nitrate content in the NP group cucumbers is lowest, significantly lower than in the other treatments.
③ influence of different fertilization treatments on soil physicochemical properties
Compared with the FP group, the reduction rates of the NP group treatment facility vegetable field soil for nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and phosphate radical are respectively 31.8%, 29.7% and 72.1%; compared with the FP group, the NP group reduces the total nitrogen leaching loss by 19.7 percent, the total nitrogen leaching loss by 3.02 kg/mu and the phosphorus leaching loss by 0.05 kg/mu.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the facility vegetable field is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 10-18 parts of pseudomonas, 5-12 parts of bacillus, 5-12 parts of filamentous yeast, 5-12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-18 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 25-35 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
2. The nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the facility vegetable field as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-15 parts of pseudomonas, 5-10 parts of bacillus, 5-10 parts of filamentous yeast, 5-10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-15 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 25-30 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
3. The nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the facility vegetable field as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 13 parts of pseudomonas, 7 parts of bacillus, 7 parts of filamentous yeast, 7 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts of denitrifying bacteria and 13 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carriers.
4. The nitrogen-phosphorus conditioner suitable for vegetable fields as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the conditioner is not less than 8 x 108cfu/g。
5. The nitrogen phosphorus conditioner for vegetable fields as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of the nitrogen phosphorus adsorption carrier is less than 0.1 mm.
6. The method for preparing the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the vegetable field of the facility as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier:
① dispersing corn stalks in an ethanol solution with the mass-volume ratio of 1:10, sequentially adding a NaOH solution and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and stirring in a water bath at 45 ℃ to react for 3 hours;
② adjusting the pH value of the reaction system to be neutral, and filtering to obtain a reaction pre-product;
③ washing the reaction pre-product with methanol solution and ethanol solution in sequence, drying at 60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier;
(2) weighing and uniformly mixing pseudomonas, bacillus, filamentous yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria according to parts by weight to obtain a composite microbial inoculum for later use;
(3) and weighing the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption carrier and the composite microbial inoculum according to the mass part, and uniformly mixing to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner.
7. The method for preparing the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the vegetable field of the facility as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass concentration of the NaOH solution in the step ① is 2%, and the mass volume ratio of the corn stalks to the NaOH solution is 1: 3/4.
8. The preparation method of the nitrogen and phosphorus conditioner suitable for the vegetable field of the facility as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the corn stalks to the 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in the step ① is 1: 2.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step ② of adjusting the pH is performed using glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200410 |