CN107494353B - Method for improving pseudosciaena crocea seedling raising effect by utilizing biological floc technology - Google Patents
Method for improving pseudosciaena crocea seedling raising effect by utilizing biological floc technology Download PDFInfo
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- 241001596950 Larimichthys crocea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000017471 coenzyme Q10 Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088592 immunologic factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000367 immunologic factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the seedling raising effect of large yellow croakers by using a biological floc technology, which comprises the following steps: breeding the hatched large yellow croaker fry to 20 days old; feeding the sea water washing liquid obtained by screening and washing the fine loess into a seedling raising pool every day, adding the sea water washing liquid, and adjusting the water transparency of the seedling raising pool to 10cm deep; adding activated bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and biological floccule culture solution according to the day age of the large yellow croaker; keeping the temperature in the seedling raising pond at 24-26 ℃, and absorbing dirt once every day on the bottom of the seedling raising pond to supplement water lost by dirt absorption. Compared with the common seedling raising technology, the method has the advantages that a small amount of water is changed in the whole process, no heating seawater is wasted, the waste discharge to the outside can be reduced by 55-70%, the fuel cost can be saved by more than 80%, the water pumping power cost is more than 70%, the labor cost for sewage suction, water changing and boiler temperature rise is reduced by more than 40%, the seedling raising survival rate is improved by 17-23%, and antibiotics are not used in the whole seedling raising process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large yellow croaker fry culturing method, in particular to a method for improving the fry culturing effect of large yellow croakers by utilizing a biological floc technology.
Background
At present, large yellow croaker is mainly used for raising temperature in spring. And (3) increasing the temperature of the seawater to about 25 ℃ by a boiler for artificial seedling culture before and after the spring festival when the temperature of the seawater in the sea area is 10-13 ℃. Because the high-density seedling raising mode is adopted, the water quality can be maintained only by changing a large amount of water, the water changing amount of the seedling raising pond exceeds 100 percent every day, and the seawater which consumes a large amount of energy and is warmed is directly discharged into the sea area, thereby not only causing a large amount of waste of energy, but also forming pollution to the nearby sea area. In the later stage of the high-density seedling raising mode, due to the fact that the bait feeding amount is large, harmful bacteria are easy to breed, antibiotic medicines are often needed, and the event that the medicine residues of seedlings exceed standards sometimes happens, so that the later stage of the high-density seedling raising mode becomes an important bottleneck influencing the healthy development of the seedling raising industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the seedling raising effect of large yellow croakers by using a biological floc technology. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by utilizing the biological floc technology comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding the hatched large yellow croaker fry to 20 days old;
(2) placing fine loess into a bolting silk bag, fastening the bag opening, repeatedly rubbing with seawater until all small-particle-size particles in the fine loess are washed into seawater, retaining seawater washing liquid, feeding feed in a seedling raising pool every day, adding the seawater washing liquid, and adjusting the water transparency of the seedling raising pool to 10cm depth;
(3) adding activated bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and a biological floc culture solution, wherein the concentration of the added bacteria solution of the activated bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria reaches 100 hundred million/ml, the adding amount is 20-30 ml of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and 40-60 ml of the bacteria solution of the photosynthetic bacteria in each ton of seedling water body, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 5 days for 20-30 days old large yellow croaker seedlings, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 4 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 30 and not more than 45 days, and 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 3 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 45 days; the biological floccule culture solution is put in every day, the mass ratio of the daily put amount of the biological floccule culture solution to the daily feed amount of the feed is 0.8:1, and when the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution in a seedling raising pond exceeds 20ml/L, the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution is reduced to 10-25 ml/L by replacing the biological floccule culture solution with equal volume water;
(4) keeping the temperature in the seedling raising pond at 24-26 ℃, and absorbing dirt once every day on the bottom of the seedling raising pond to supplement water lost by dirt absorption.
In the above method, the fine loess is loess particles having a particle size of less than 5um and a particle size of more than 20%.
In the method, the mesh number of the bolting silk bag is 120 meshes.
In the method, fine loess is placed in a bolting silk bag, the bag opening is tightened, and the bag is repeatedly scrubbed by seawater, wherein the mass ratio of the fine loess to the seawater is 1: 5-1: 10.
In the above method, the activating method of bacillus comprises: adding 1L of bacillus culture solution into every 10g of bacillus, and fully aerating and culturing for 24h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the bacillus culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of glucose, 1.0% of starch, 3.0% of soybean meal, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.3% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of purified water.
In the above method, the activating method of the photosynthetic bacteria comprises: the volume ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria liquid to the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution is 1:4, the photosynthetic bacteria liquid and the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution are filled into a sealed transparent culture bottle, and the culture is carried out for 4-5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity is 1500-2500 lux, wherein the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of peptone, 0.06% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.04% of sodium thiosulfate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the balance of purified water.
In the method, the biological floccule culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-12% of brown sugar, 7-11% of molasses, 4% of liquid amino acid and the balance of purified water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the mode of adding agglutinated nucleus, namely fine loess and specific bacteria liquid into a seedling raising pool to culture biological floccules, the culture liquid of the biological floccules is necessary nutrition supplement for forming and maintaining floccules, excretion waste generated in the seedling raising process can be converted into mycoprotein by heterotrophic bacteria, the mycoprotein is rich in various vitamins, especially B vitamins are very rich, the contents of VB2, folic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin are also higher, and simultaneously, the biological floccules also contain a large amount of nutrient components such as physiological active substances such as carotenoid, coenzyme Q and the like, and the deficiency of nutrition of artificial granular feed can be supplemented. The mycoprotein forms flocculent cenobium around the agglutinated nucleus, the flocculent cenobium is in a suspension state, the size of the flocculent cenobium is just in a palatable range of the large yellow croaker fry, and the flocculent cenobium can be conveniently ingested by the large yellow croaker fry for reutilization, and the feed feeding amount can be saved by 20-25% by adopting the technology. In addition, the bacillus can treat aquaculture water environment, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, promote dissolved oxygen of aquaculture water, keep stable pH value, and the mycoprotein of the photosynthetic bacteria is rich in immune factors, so that the fry resistance is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention provides a method for improving large yellow croaker fry culturing effect by utilizing biological floc technology, which is respectively implemented in large yellow croaker fry culturing farms of certain aquatic companies in Nibo City of Zhejiang province and Nide City of Fujian province, wherein the size of an adopted single fry culturing pond is as follows: the aspect ratio is 3 x 8m, the water depth is 1.5m, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) artificially breeding the hatched large yellow croaker fries, feeding biological bait and compound feed, and culturing to 20 days old, about 50 ten thousand fish fries according to the large yellow croaker breeding operation regulation;
(2) put into 120 meshes bolting-silk bag with the granule that the particle size is less than 5um more than 20%, tie up the sack, rub with the sea water repeatedly, wash into the sea water until the granule of small-size in the fine loess is whole, wherein the mass ratio of loess granule and sea water is: 1: 5-1: 10, reserving seawater washing liquor, feeding the feed in a seedling raising pool every day, adding the seawater washing liquor, adjusting the water transparency of the seedling raising pool to 10cm deep, and under the transparency, enabling large yellow croakers to eat the feed better, and observing the disease occurrence condition and the growth condition of the large yellow croakers better; wherein the nutrient components in the feed meet the following mass percentage relations: the feed is characterized in that crude protein is more than or equal to 49.0 percent, crude ash is less than or equal to 17.0 percent, crude fiber is less than or equal to 2.0 percent, calcium is less than or equal to 5.0 percent, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, sodium chloride is less than or equal to 4.0 percent, crude fat is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, lysine is more than or equal to 2.2 percent, water is less than or equal to 11.0 percent, the daily feeding amount is 2-10 percent of the physique amount of the large yellow croaker, the feeding amount;
(3) adding activated bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and a biological floc culture solution, wherein the concentration of the added bacteria solution of the activated bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria reaches 100 hundred million/ml, the adding amount is 20-30 ml of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and 40-60 ml of the bacteria solution of the photosynthetic bacteria in each ton of seedling water body, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 5 days for 20-30 days old large yellow croaker seedlings, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 4 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 30 and not more than 45 days, and 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 3 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 45 days; the biological floccule culture solution is put in every day, the mass ratio of the daily put amount of the biological floccule culture solution to the daily feed amount of the feed is 0.8:1, and when the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution in a seedling raising pond exceeds 20ml/L, the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution is reduced to 10-25 ml/L by replacing the biological floccule culture solution with equal volume water;
the activation method of the bacillus comprises the following steps: adding 1L of bacillus culture solution into every 10g of bacillus, and fully aerating and culturing for 24h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the bacillus culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of glucose, 1.0% of starch, 3.0% of soybean meal, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.3% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of purified water;
the activating method of the photosynthetic bacteria comprises the following steps: the volume ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria liquid to the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution is 1:4, the photosynthetic bacteria liquid and the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution are filled into a sealed transparent culture bottle, and the culture is carried out for 4-5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity is 1500-2500 lux, wherein the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of peptone, 0.06% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.04% of sodium thiosulfate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the balance of purified water;
the biological floccule culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-12% of brown sugar, 7-11% of molasses, 4% of liquid amino acid and the balance of purified water;
the biological floccule culture solution is necessary nutrition supplement for forming and maintaining floccule bacteria mass, can convert excretion waste generated in the seedling process into mycoprotein through heterotrophic bacteria, the mycoprotein is rich in various vitamins, especially B vitamins, the VB2, folic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin are higher in content, and meanwhile, the biological floccule culture solution also contains a large amount of nutrient components such as physiological active substances such as carotenoid and coenzyme Q, and can supplement the deficiency of nutrition of artificial granulated feed. The mycoprotein forms flocculent cenobium around the agglutinated nucleus, the flocculent cenobium is in a suspension state, the size of the flocculent cenobium is just in a palatable range of the large yellow croaker fry, and the flocculent cenobium can be conveniently ingested by the large yellow croaker fry for reutilization. In addition, the bacillus can treat aquaculture water environment, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, promote dissolved oxygen of aquaculture water, keep stable pH value, and the mycoprotein of the photosynthetic bacteria is rich in immune factors, so that the fry resistance is improved.
(4) The temperature in the seedling raising pool is kept at 24-26 ℃ by arranging steam pipelines at the bottom and around the seedling raising pool, and the bottom of the seedling raising pool is subjected to dirt suction once a day, so that sediments are removed, and water lost by dirt suction is supplemented.
The method provided by the embodiment is adopted to grow the pseudosciaena crocea seedlings to 50 days old, the fry can grow to 4.5-5 cm, the survival rate can reach 72.5% -80.7%, and no antibiotic medicine is needed. In the two companies, the large yellow croaker is cultured in the same culture pond by adopting a common culture technique in the same scale, the survival rate is only 60-70 percent at most, 100 percent of water is required to be changed for several times every day to keep the water quality of the culture pond, and the energy waste is great. Bacterial diseases are easy to occur along with the increase of the seedling density in the later stage of seedling culture, and a large amount of antibiotics is often needed to be used, so that the food safety problem is caused.
The common pseudosciaena crocea fry breeding technology is simply introduced as follows: 2 times of feeding are carried out in the breeding pond every day, the feeding amount is 2-5% of the physique amount of the large yellow croakers, the pollution is absorbed 2 times every day, the feeding is carried out once in the morning and evening, and the breeding water environment is controlled as follows: dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, total nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, total phosphorus is less than 0.3mg/L, pH is controlled to be 7.0-8.2, water is changed 100% every day, and if the water quality of the tank body is turbid, water needs to be changed for many times.
Compared with the common seedling raising technology, the large yellow croaker seedling raising method based on the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that a small amount of water is changed in the whole process, the heated seawater is not wasted due to the discharge, the discharge of external wastes is integrally reduced by 55-70%, the fuel cost can be saved by more than 80%, the water pumping power cost is more than 70%, the labor cost for sewage suction, water change and boiler temperature rise is reduced by more than 40%, the seedling raising survival rate is improved by 17-23%, and no antibiotics are used in the whole seedling raising process.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by utilizing the biological floc technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) breeding the hatched large yellow croaker fry to 20 days old;
(2) placing fine loess into a bolting silk bag, fastening the bag opening, repeatedly rubbing with seawater until all small-particle-size particles in the fine loess are washed into seawater, retaining seawater washing liquid, feeding feed in a seedling raising pool every day, adding the seawater washing liquid, and adjusting the water transparency of the seedling raising pool to 10cm depth; the fine loess is loess particles with particle size less than 5um and more than 20%;
(3) adding activated bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and a biological floc culture solution, wherein the concentration of the added bacteria solution of the activated bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria reaches 100 hundred million/ml, the adding amount is 20-30 ml of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and 40-60 ml of the bacteria solution of the photosynthetic bacteria in each ton of seedling water body, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 5 days for 20-30 days old large yellow croaker seedlings, 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 4 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 30 and not more than 45 days, and 1 time of the bacteria solution of the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is added every 3 days for large yellow croaker seedlings of which the age is more than 45 days; the biological floccule culture solution is put in every day, the mass ratio of the daily put amount of the biological floccule culture solution to the daily feed amount of the feed is 0.8:1, and when the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution in a seedling raising pond exceeds 20ml/L, the concentration of the biological floccule culture solution is reduced to 10-25 ml/L by replacing the biological floccule culture solution with equal volume water;
the activation method of the bacillus comprises the following steps: adding 1L of bacillus culture solution into every 10g of bacillus, and fully aerating and culturing for 24h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the bacillus culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of glucose, 1.0% of starch, 3.0% of soybean meal, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.3% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of purified water;
(4) keeping the temperature in the seedling raising pond at 24-26 ℃, and absorbing dirt once every day on the bottom of the seedling raising pond to supplement water lost by dirt absorption.
2. The method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by using the biological floc technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the bolting silk bag is 120 meshes.
3. The method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by using the biological floc technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine loess is put into a bolting silk bag, the bag opening is tightened, and the large yellow croaker is repeatedly rubbed and washed by seawater, wherein the mass ratio of the fine loess to the seawater is 1: 5-1: 10.
4. The method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by using the biological floc technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activating method of the photosynthetic bacteria comprises the following steps: the volume ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria liquid to the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution is 1:4, the photosynthetic bacteria liquid and the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution are filled into a sealed transparent culture bottle, and the culture is carried out for 4-5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity is 1500-2500 lux, wherein the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of peptone, 0.06% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.04% of sodium thiosulfate, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the balance of purified water.
5. The method for improving the seedling raising effect of the large yellow croaker by using the biological floc technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological floc culture solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-12% of brown sugar, 7-11% of molasses, 4% of liquid amino acid and the balance of purified water.
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