CN107493885B - Method for preventing and treating field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107493885B CN107493885B CN201710765271.XA CN201710765271A CN107493885B CN 107493885 B CN107493885 B CN 107493885B CN 201710765271 A CN201710765271 A CN 201710765271A CN 107493885 B CN107493885 B CN 107493885B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation, which is operated according to the agriculture of transplanting of seedlings under film of tobacco and is characterized in that a field tobacco plant black shank full-name continuous prevention and control technology which mainly uses agricultural prevention and control and assists chemical prevention and control is realized by adopting the adjustment of the micro habitat of the seedlings under film, early transplanting to avoid diseases, early prevention and pesticide application, water-fertilizer coupling nutrition regulation and control and adult plant resistance. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, water and labor conservation, high efficiency, pollution-free whole-process control of the tobacco black shank and the like, and is a green tobacco black shank control technology worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco disease control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation.
Background
Tobacco black shank is a soil-borne disease which occurs year after year, commonly occurs in various countries in the world, and is a destructive disease in tobacco production. At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the aspect of cultivation technical measures, and a good effect is achieved on controlling the occurrence of the blackleg. If the transplanting period is properly advanced, the incidence rate of the tobacco black shank can be reduced, and the incidence degree can be reduced (Yingzhen, Chengqingyuan, Pengjie and the like. the influence of different transplanting periods on the occurrence of the tobacco black shank and mosaic diseases. Hubei agricultural science, 2012, 51(12): 2479-. However, it is far from sufficient to rely solely on improved cultivation measures to control the occurrence of the disease. The control of the tobacco black shank is a systematic project, can not be solved by one or two measures, needs to integrate some key points of disease occurrence, takes prevention as a main part, and can achieve better effect only by comprehensively applying a plurality of disease prevention mechanisms in the whole process from the early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method capable of solving the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation.
The invention aims to realize the operation according to the agriculture of transplanting the seedlings under the film of the tobacco, and is characterized in that the technology for continuously preventing and controlling the black shank of the tobacco plant in the field mainly based on agricultural control and secondarily based on chemical control is realized by adopting the adjustment of the microbial habitat of the seedlings under the film, early transplanting and disease avoidance, early prevention and pesticide application, water and fertilizer coupling nutrition regulation and adult plant resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a field tobacco plant black shank whole-course continuous prevention and control technology which takes agricultural prevention and control as a main part and chemical prevention and control as an auxiliary part. According to the agricultural operation of transplanting the seedlings under the film of the tobacco, agricultural control technologies such as early transplanting, water and fertilizer coupling and the like are organically combined with chemical control technologies such as early prevention and the like, and the whole-course disease control is realized through orderly integration.
2. The invention relates to a green prevention and control technology. The early prevention, the pesticide application amount is obviously reduced, pesticide residue is not formed, the sterilization and protection are repeated, and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is not easy to generate. The water and fertilizer coupling can save irrigation water resources and fertilizers, improve the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer and reduce the damage and pollution of the fertilizers to the soil environment. The potassium-increasing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to seedling extraction, so that the resistance of tobacco plants to black shank is enhanced; the top dressing is carried out heavily, rainwater which is in a vigorous and long-term is reasonably utilized to dissolve and release top dressing applied in a circular manner, the nutritional requirement of the tobacco plants for quick growth is met, the robust tobacco plants are created by balanced nutrition, and the disease resistance of the adult plants is fully revealed.
3. The method for preventing and treating the tobacco black shank has the synergistic effect of a plurality of disease prevention mechanisms and has obvious effect. Under-film plantlet transplanting improves the micro-ecological environment of tobacco plant growth, prevents diseases by early transplanting, prevents diseases by applying pesticide at early stage, and remarkably improves the field control effect of black shank, and the control effect reaches more than 90 percent.
4. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, water and labor conservation, high efficiency, pollution-free whole-process control of the tobacco black shank and the like, and is a green tobacco black shank control technology worthy of popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The method for preventing and controlling the black shank of the field tobacco by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation is operated according to the agriculture of transplanting the seedlings under the film of the tobacco and is characterized in that the method adopts the full-name continuous prevention and control technology of mainly agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control of the black shank of the field tobacco plant, which is realized by adjusting the micro habitat of the seedlings under the film, transplanting in advance to avoid diseases, preventing and applying pesticide at the early stage, coupling water and fertilizer, regulating and controlling nutrition and resisting adult plants.
The early prevention pesticide application is a compound chemical pesticide applying a protective bactericide and a systemic bactericide.
The compound chemical pesticide is one of dimethomorph and mancozeb mixture, famoxadone and mancozeb mixture, metalaxyl and mancozeb mixture, fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride mixture and acrylic acid, hymexazol and metalaxyl compound agent.
Transplanting of the seedlings under the film is 10-30 days earlier than transplanting of the seedlings on the film and outdoor cultivation of the seedlings.
After the seedlings under the film are transplanted, the temperature and humidity under the film are similar to those of the floating seedling raising environment, the seedling revival stage does not exist, a microenvironment which is beneficial to the growth of tobacco seedlings and not beneficial to the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria is created, and the infection of early pathogenic bacteria can be reduced.
The water-fertilizer coupling health-care cultivation does not apply base fertilizer, low-concentration water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is mixed with root water for pouring, when the film is broken by a small hole and the air is ventilated, the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is used for lifting the seedling for 1 time, when the film is broken and the seedling is revealed, the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is used for lifting the seedling for 1 time, and most of the residual special nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for the tobacco in the film-uncovering intertillage annular application is linked with.
The water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is a water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound commodity fertilizer for floating seedling of tobacco or a water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound commodity fertilizer special for tobacco for 2-3 days.
The water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is potassium nitrate, or a compound fertilizer with the nitrogen-potassium ratio equivalent to that of potassium nitrate, which is prepared by combining one of calcium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and urea with one of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The water-soluble nitrogen potassium fertilizer is 0.3-0.5% in mass percentage concentration when applied, and 500-1000 ml of water is applied or seedlings are extracted along with drip irrigation water.
The method for preventing and treating the black shank of the field tobacco by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation comprises the following specific steps:
according to the agricultural operation of transplanting the seedlings under the film of the tobacco, the whole-course continuous prevention and control technology of the black shank of the tobacco plant in the field, which mainly uses agricultural control and assists chemical control, is realized by adopting the microbial habitat adjustment of the seedlings under the film, early transplanting and disease avoidance, early prevention and pesticide application, water and fertilizer coupling nutrition regulation and control and adult plant resistance.
The pesticide applied in early prevention during transplanting is a compound chemical pesticide of a protective bactericide and a systemic bactericide, has double functions of sterilizing and inducing tobacco plants to generate resistance, and is applied at the highest concentration of recommended dosage and mixed with root water for pouring.
The transplanting of the seedlings under the film is 10-30 days earlier than the transplanting of the seedlings on the film and the seedlings cultivated in the open air, the disease-susceptible colony period and the disease-susceptible high-temperature and high-humidity environment of tobacco plants and the pathogenic bacteria active period in rainy seasons are staggered for a long time, and the diseases can be effectively avoided.
After the seedlings under the film are transplanted, the temperature and humidity under the film are similar to those of the floating seedling raising environment, the seedling revival stage does not exist, a microenvironment which is beneficial to the growth of tobacco seedlings and not beneficial to the growth and the propagation of germs is artificially created, and the infection of early germs can be reduced.
Base fertilizer is not applied in water-fertilizer coupling health-care cultivation, so that damage to tobacco roots caused by excessive dissolution and release of the fertilizer during watering is avoided, and the probability of germ infection is reduced; the low-concentration water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is mixed with root-fixing water for pouring application, when the film is broken through small holes and the air is ventilated, the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is used for lifting seedlings for 1 time, when the film is broken and the seedlings are exposed, the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is used for lifting seedlings for 1 time, most of the residual special nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for tobacco in the film-uncovering intertillage circular application is linked with the special nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for rainy seasons, and by adopting a water-fertilizer coupling technology according to the nutritional requirements of tobacco plants.
The tobacco plants growing in the field basically enter the later vigorous growth period or bud period in rainy season, have adult plant resistance, and do not attack diseases or attack slowly without causing harm.
The compound chemical pesticide comprises a mixture of dimethomorph and mancozeb, a mixture of famoxadone and mancozeb, a mixture of metalaxyl and mancozeb, a mixture of fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride, a compound agent of acrylic acid, hymexazol and metalaxyl and the like.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is one of a water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound commodity fertilizer recommended for tobacco floating seedling raising or a water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound commodity fertilizer special for tobacco after 2-3 days, and the application concentration is the same as the concentration recommended for tobacco floating seedling raising and seedling raising.
The water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is specifically potassium nitrate or a compound fertilizer which is prepared by one of calcium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and urea and one of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and has the nitrogen-potassium ratio content equivalent to that of potassium nitrate, water is added during application, the concentration is 0.3-0.5%, the seedlings are watered or extracted with 1000ml of drip irrigation water, and proper amount of potassium fertilizer is added in time to enhance the resistance of the tobacco plants to black shank.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The control test 2016-plus 2017 is continuously carried out in Yuxi base and Dali red test base of tobacco agricultural science research institute in Yunnan province for 2 years, the tobacco variety to be tested is Honghua Dajinyuan, the control modes are 3, one is the control of the method, the other is the classical control in the open-air traditional cultivation mode, the other is the classical control of tobacco on the film, and the contrast is the non-control in the open-air traditional cultivation mode. The sowing time is 3 months and 5-10 days (2016 year, 3 months and 6 days, 2017 year, 3 months and 8 days), and the transplanting time is as follows: the seedling under the mulch is 4 months 10-20 days (2016, 4 months, 16 days, 2017, 4 months, 13 days), and the seedling under the mulch is 5 months 1-20 days (2016, 5 months, 8 days, 2017, 5 months, 12 days). Each model was inoculated with 600 tobacco plants and 300 control plants, and the test was performed in the same field, and the test was repeated in 3 blocks. The main measures for preventing diseases in various modes are as follows:
the difference of the control effect of the 3 cultivation disease prevention methods is obvious (see the table above), the synergistic control effect of the invention is obvious, and the control effect is ideal even under the condition of heavy morbidity.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and controlling field tobacco black shank by combining early prevention and health-care cultivation is operated according to the agriculture of transplanting of tobacco seedlings under film, and is characterized in that a field tobacco plant black shank whole-course continuous prevention and control technology which mainly uses agricultural prevention and control and assists chemical prevention and control is realized by adopting early prevention pesticide application, early transplanting for disease avoidance, under-film seedling micro-habitat adjustment, water-fertilizer coupling nutrition regulation and control and adult plant resistance during transplanting, and comprises the following steps:
A. the early prevention application during transplanting is a compound chemical pesticide for applying a protective bactericide and a systemic bactericide, wherein the compound chemical pesticide is one of a dimethomorph and mancozeb mixed agent, an famoxadone and mancozeb mixed agent, a metalaxyl and mancozeb mixed agent, a fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride mixed agent and an acrylic acid, hymexazol and metalaxyl compound agent;
B. the early transplanting for avoiding diseases means that the transplanting of the seedlings under the film is 10-30 days earlier than the transplanting of the seedlings on the film and the outdoor cultivation seedlings;
C. the adjustment of the seedling micro-habitat under the film means that after the seedlings under the film are transplanted, the temperature and the humidity under the film are close to those of a floating seedling raising environment, a seedling revival stage does not exist, a microenvironment which is beneficial to the growth of tobacco seedlings and not beneficial to the growth and the propagation of germs is created, and the infection of germs at the early stage can be reduced;
D. the water-fertilizer coupling nutrition regulation and control is not applied with base fertilizer, 0.3-0.5% of low-concentration water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is mixed with root water for pouring, when the film is broken by a small hole and the air is ventilated, 500-1000 ml of each plant of 0.3-0.5% water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is poured or seedlings are extracted with drip water for 1 time, when the film is broken and the seedlings are exposed, the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is extracted for 1 time, and most of the residual special nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for tobacco in the film uncovering intertillage and circular application is linked with rainy seasons or sprayed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble NPK compound fertilizer is a water-soluble NPK compound commercial fertilizer for tobacco floating seedling or a 2-3-day water-soluble NPK compound commercial fertilizer special for tobacco.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is potassium nitrate, or is a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-potassium ratio equivalent to that of potassium nitrate, which is prepared from one of calcium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and urea, and one of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| CN112703986A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Method for efficiently killing tobacco black shank bacteria in soil |
| CN113133366A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司安宁分公司 | Method for preventing and treating tobacco black shank |
| CN113973629B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-28 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Method for preventing and controlling black shank of sand-culture potted tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety by mixed preparation agent |
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| CN101601354B (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2010-12-08 | 西南大学 | Method for preventing and controlling mosaic disease based on improving tobacco plant nutrition resistance |
| CN103141256B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-08-27 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco culturing method applying large holes for concentrated fertilization |
| CN105027898A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-11 | 昆明日晟农业科技有限公司 | Control method for tobacco black shank disease |
| CN105028045A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-11 | 昆明日晟农业科技有限公司 | Control method for tobacco black rot disease |
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