CN107473945B - 一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法 - Google Patents

一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法 Download PDF

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CN107473945B
CN107473945B CN201610403704.2A CN201610403704A CN107473945B CN 107473945 B CN107473945 B CN 107473945B CN 201610403704 A CN201610403704 A CN 201610403704A CN 107473945 B CN107473945 B CN 107473945B
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徐杰
贾秀全
马继平
李晓芳
徐永明
夏飞
聂鑫
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法,属于制备四甲氧基甲烷的领域,具体为:以氧气或空气为氧源,以甲醇为底物和溶剂,在催化剂作用下,甲醇经过氧化酯化生成四甲氧基甲烷。该方法原料利用率高,催化剂廉价易得,易回收、可循环使用,且易与产品分离。得到的产品性能优异,纯度高。此技术路线对于缓解甲醇产能过剩,减少对剧毒化学品的依赖,具有重要的意义。

Description

一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及甲醇转化制备精细化学品和能源化学品领域,具体地,涉及甲醇在具有氧化酯化催化剂作用下催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制备四甲氧基甲烷的方法。
背景技术
甲醇是一种来源丰富的基础化工产品,可以由煤、天然气或生物质等资源制得。以甲醇为原料获得高附加值的能源化学品、燃料等,能够有效缓解我国当前的甲醇产能过剩问题。
原碳酸酯是一种重要的有机合成中间体,被用于药物(Org.Biomol.Chem.2010,8,881–885)和聚合物的合成(化工新型材料2014,42,35-37)。螺环原碳酸酯是一种非常有效的膨胀单体,用于高分子材料的加工,避免材料在制备过程中的体积收缩现象(Polym.Int.2012,61,587–595)。原碳酸酯类膨胀单体的开环膨胀效应可以减小聚合物内部的张力,从而使得材料保持尺寸稳定,减缓其强度的下降。原碳酸酯与二元醇或三元醇聚合可以得到聚原碳酸酯(Macromolecules 2005,38,1623-1626)。聚原碳酸酯具有良好的热稳定性,并且在碱性条件下也能保持惰性。
在已报道的方法中,原碳酸酯通常由醇钠与三氯甲烷或硫酰氯化三氯甲烷反应得到(J.Org.Chem.1989,54,1990-1992)。以二硫化碳与正铊酸酯或正锡酸酯为底物也可以合成原碳酸酯(J.Org.Chem.1971,36,1176-1180;J.Org.Chem.1972,37,4198-4200)。以上过程需要使用卤素或硫,反应最终生成卤素和硫的金属盐,具有较大的环境压力。寻找一条更绿色的替代路线,对于原碳酸酯的应用具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法,以来源广泛、廉价易得的甲醇为原料制取化工产品和能源化学品,缓解甲醇产能的过剩,减少对剧毒化学品的依赖,为四甲氧基甲烷的合成,提供可持续发展的新技术和新方法。具体地说,就是以氧气或空气为氧源,以甲醇为溶剂和反应物,在催化剂作用下,甲醇经过氧化酯化反应,得到四甲氧基甲烷,并对产品的结构和纯度进行测试,为应用提供参考和依据。
本发明采用的技术方案:
以氧气或空气为氧源,以甲醇为底物和溶剂,在催化剂作用下,甲醇经过氧化酯化生成四甲氧基甲烷。
本发明反应底物为甲醇,避免使用卤代物。甲醇来源丰富,但是其分子结构中含有脂肪伯羟基,氧化转化具有很大挑战。按照本发明提供的方法,甲醇的氧化酯化反应是实现该过程的必经步骤。
催化剂包括主催化剂和助催化剂;
主催化剂包括:α-MnO2、β-MnO2、γ-MnO2、δ-MnO2、OMS-2、NaxMnO2(x=0.1-1)、Mn3O4、VO2、V2O5、MoO3和CeO2中的一种或二种以上;
助催化剂包括:Co3O4、CoO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、FeO、CuO、Cu2O、NiO、CoOx/C(x=0-1)、FeOx/C(x=1-1.3)、CuOx/C(x=0-1)、NiOx/C(x=0-1)、CoOx-N/C(x=0-1)、FeOx-N/C(x=1-1.3)、CuOx-N/C(x=0-1)、NiOx-N/C(x=0-1)中的一种或二种以上。
在本发明方法中,反应前,将主催化剂和助催化剂直接加入反应釜中即可,在助催化剂中所述的CoOx/C、FeOx/C、CuOx/C、NiOx/C是指金属的醋酸盐担载在碳载体上后,在N2气氛中于600-800℃焙烧0.5-2h,CoOx/C、FeOx/C、CuOx/C、NiOx/C是以上述金属和/或金属氧化物为核,碳化法于外层包覆碳材料,金属和/或金属氧化物的负载量为0.1-5wt%。
在助催化剂中所述的CoOx-N/C、FeOx-N/C、CuOx-N/C、NiOx-N/C是指金属的醋酸盐与含氮配体络合后担载在碳载体上后,在N2气氛中于600-800℃焙烧0.5-2h,金属和/或金属氧化物的负载量为0.1-5wt%。举例一个详细的操作步骤是:金属醋酸盐与含氮配体在乙醇中溶解后,加入碳载体,室温搅拌半个小时后,于60℃回流12h,旋干乙醇后,于80℃烘箱中干燥过夜。然后在管式炉中焙烧,自然冷却至室温后,研磨得到催化剂粉末。
助催化剂中所述的碳载体选自活性炭;所述的含氮配体包括吡啶、2,2-联吡啶、4,4-联吡啶或邻菲罗啉中的一种或二种以上,含氮配体与金属的摩尔比为2:1。
在本发明中,优选的催化剂为V2O5与CoOx/C、CeO2与CoOx-N/C、α-MnO2与CoOx-N/C的组合。
催化剂总用量为甲醇的0.1-0.6mol%,助催化剂的用量为主催化剂用量的1-50mol%。
该方法以氧气或空气氧源,压力为0.1–2MPa。
该方法以氧气或空气氧源,较佳压力为0.5–2MPa。
反应为经过氧化酯化多步反应的耦合,反应温度为30-180℃,反应时间为0.1-48h。较佳反应温度为100-160℃;较佳反应时间为1-20h。
催化剂产品的回收方法是离心,用甲醇洗涤、于60-80℃烘箱中烘干。
本发明提供一种多功能催化剂,对来源广泛、廉价易得的甲醇催化氧化酯化制备四甲氧基甲烷。反应过程中,甲醇氧化生成甲醛,甲醇与原位生成的甲醛发生亲核反应生成半缩醛,进一步氧化为甲酸甲酯,甲酸甲酯不经分离在催化剂的作用下原位氧化酯化制取四甲氧基甲烷,为甲醇的催化转化和原碳酸酯的合成,提供一种新的方法和技术。该方法原料利用率高,催化剂廉价易得,易回收、可循环使用,且易与产品分离。得到的产品性能优异,纯度高。此技术路线对于缓解甲醇产能过剩,减少对剧毒化学品的依赖,具有重要的意义。
附图说明
图1:实施例1反应后GC-MS图;
图2:实施例1反应产物四甲氧基甲烷MS图;
图3:四甲氧基甲烷的MS图谱(NIST数据库)。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施方案详述本发明,但本发明实施不局限于这些实施例:
实施例1:将50mmol甲醇,0.005mmolα-MnO2,0.0025mmol Co3O4,0.1mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入0.1MPa O2,加热至100℃,在该温度下反应0.1h。甲醇转化率10%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性50%。
实施例2:将50mmol甲醇,0.01mmolβ-MnO2,0.0025mmol CoO,500mmol甲醇加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入0.3MPa O2,加热至40℃,在该温度下反应0.5h。甲醇转化率9%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性61%。
实施例3:将50mmol甲醇,0.3mmolγ-MnO2,0.003mmol Fe3O4,400mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入0.5MPa O2,加热至100℃,在该温度下反应20h。甲醇转化率40%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性53%。
实施例4:将50mmol甲醇,0.25mmolδ-MnO2,0.0025mmol Fe2O3,300mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.6MPa O2,加热至130℃,在该温度下反应5h。甲醇转化率60%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性32%。
实施例5:将50mmol甲醇,0.15mmol OMS-2,0.003mmol FeO,200mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1MPa O2,加热至130℃,在该温度下反应8h。甲醇转化率77%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性46%。
实施例6:将50mmol甲醇,0.1mmol NaxMnO2(x=0.1-1),100mmol CuO,0.1mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1MPa O2,加热至120℃,在该温度下反应10h。甲醇转化率60%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性54%。
实施例7:将50mmol甲醇,0.05mmol Mn3O4,0.0025mmol Cu2O,50mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.4MPa O2,加热至80℃,在该温度下反应15h。甲醇转化率66%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性44%。
实施例8:将50mmol甲醇,0.03mmol VO2,0.0025mmol NiO,40mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入0.6MPa O2,加热至60℃,在该温度下反应20h。甲醇转化率51%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性33%。
实施例9:将50mmol甲醇,0.02mmol V2O5,0.0025mmol CoOx/C(担载量0.1wt%),30mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.8MPa空气,加热至180℃,在该温度下反应0.1h。甲醇转化率80%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性86%。
实施例10:将50mmol甲醇,0.015mmol MoO3,0.0025mmol FeOx/C(担载量0.2wt%),20mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入2MPa空气,加热至160℃,在该温度下反应0.2h。甲醇转化率60%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性44%。
实施例11:将50mmol甲醇,0.01mmol CeO2,0.0025mmol CuOx/C(担载量0.5wt%),10mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.5MPa空气,加热至100℃,在该温度下反应15h。甲醇转化率82%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性68%。
实施例12:将50mmol甲醇,0.005mmolα-MnO2,0.002mmol NiOx/C(担载量1wt%),15mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.2MPa空气,加热至160℃,在该温度下反应1.5h。甲醇转化率90%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性77%。
实施例13:将50mmol甲醇,0.005mmol CeO2,0.001mmol CoOx-N/C(CoOx担载量2wt%),5mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入2MPa空气,加热至120℃,在该温度下反应30h。甲醇转化率91%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性70%。
实施例14:将50mmol甲醇,0.05mmolα-MnO2,0.02mmol FeOx-N/C(FeOx担载量3wt%),4mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1MPa O2,加热至90℃,在该温度下反应36h。甲醇转化率80%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性38%。
实施例15:将50mmol甲醇,0.004mmol CeO2,0.003mmol CuOx-N/C(CuOx担载量4wt%),3mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入0.3MPa O2,加热至90℃,在该温度下反应40h。甲醇转化率70%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性64%。
实施例16:将50mmol甲醇,0.04mmol CeO2,0.001mmol NiOx-N/C(NiOx担载量5wt%),2mmol甲醇,加入到20mL带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入1.1MPa O2,加热至30℃,在该温度下反应10h。甲醇转化率15%,四甲氧基甲烷选择性10%。
采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行反应产物的定性分析,并与标准物质在气相色谱(GC)中的保留时间相比较和确认。

Claims (9)

1.一种催化甲醇直接氧化酯化制四甲氧基甲烷的方法,其特征在于:该方法以氧气或空气为氧源,以甲醇为底物和溶剂,在催化剂作用下,甲醇经过氧化酯化生成四甲氧基甲烷;
所述催化剂包括主催化剂和助催化剂;
主催化剂包括:α-MnO2、β-MnO2、γ-MnO2、δ-MnO2、NaxMnO2,x = 0.1-1、Mn3O4、OMS-2、VO2、V2O5、MoO3和CeO2中的一种或二种以上;
助催化剂包括:Co3O4、CoO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、FeO、CuO、Cu2O、NiO、CoOx/C(x=0-1)、FeOx/C(x=1-1.3)、CuOx/C(x=0-1)、NiOx/C(x = 0-1)、CoOx-N/C(x = 0-1)、FeOx-N/C(x = 1-1.3)、CuOx-N/C(x = 0-1)、NiOx-N/C(x = 0-1)中的一种或二种以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
催化剂中, 助催化剂的用量为主催化剂用量的1-50 mol%;催化剂总用量为甲醇的0.01-0.6 mol%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在助催化剂中所述的CoOx/C、FeOx/C、CuOx/C、NiOx/C是指金属的醋酸盐担载在碳载体上后,在N2气氛中于600-800℃焙烧0.5-2 h,金属和/或金属氧化物的负载量为0.1-5 wt%;
在助催化剂中所述的CoOx-N/C、FeOx-N/C、CuOx-N/C、NiOx-N/C是指金属的醋酸盐与含氮配体络合后担载在碳载体上后,在N2气氛中于600-800℃焙烧0.5-2 h,金属和/或金属氧化物的负载量为0.1-5 wt%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的碳载体选自活性炭;所述的含氮配体包括吡啶、2,2-联吡啶、4,4-联吡啶或邻菲罗啉中的一种或二种以上,含氮配体与金属的摩尔比为2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:该方法以氧气或空气为氧源,压力为0.1–2MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:该方法以氧气或空气为氧源,压力为0.5–2MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应为经过氧化酯化多步反应的耦合,反应温度为30-180℃,反应时间为0.1-48 h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为100-160℃;反应时间为1-20h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂产品的回收方法是离心,用甲醇洗涤、于60-80 ℃烘箱中烘干。
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