CN107467020B - Attractant composition for preventing and treating black cutworm - Google Patents
Attractant composition for preventing and treating black cutworm Download PDFInfo
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- CN107467020B CN107467020B CN201710715513.4A CN201710715513A CN107467020B CN 107467020 B CN107467020 B CN 107467020B CN 201710715513 A CN201710715513 A CN 201710715513A CN 107467020 B CN107467020 B CN 107467020B
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- cis
- dodecenyl
- black cutworm
- synergist
- ester
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000218475 Agrotis segetum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000566547 Agrotis ipsilon Species 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000877 Sex Attractant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- MUZGQHWTRUVFLG-SREVYHEPSA-N 7Z-Dodecenyl acetate Chemical group CCCC\C=C/CCCCCCOC(C)=O MUZGQHWTRUVFLG-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- MUZGQHWTRUVFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Z7-12:OAc Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCOC(C)=O MUZGQHWTRUVFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 enol acetate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012905 Brassica oleracea var viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZFCNSNVINJTRBQ-LBEJWNQZSA-N C(C)(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCC Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCC ZFCNSNVINJTRBQ-LBEJWNQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000220485 Fabaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270288 Gekko Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001312741 Gekko swinhonis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N [(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate;[(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-3-[(e)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl Chemical class CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1.CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029264 phototaxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070846 pyrethrins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a attractant composition for preventing and treating agrotis ypsilon. The attractant composition comprises a black cutworm sex pheromone component and a synergist, wherein the black cutworm sex pheromone component is cis-7-dodecenyl acetate, cis-9-tetradecyl acetate and cis-11-hexadecyl acetate, and the synergist comprises one or more of cis-7-dodecenyl-1-alcohol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol methanesulfonate and cis-8, cis-10-dodecadienyl methyl ketone. The method has the advantages of low consumption, environmental friendliness, accurate application in insect pest situation detection and prediction, mass trapping and mating interference, obvious improvement on the effect of comprehensively treating the black cutworm, and great significance in the comprehensive treatment of the black cutworm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect sex pheromone preparation, and particularly relates to a attractant composition for preventing and treating black cutworm.
Background
The black cutworm agrotisysillon (Rottemperg) belongs to Lepidoptera and Noctuidae, is a world omnivorous agricultural pest and is one of the main soil pests in China. Mainly applied to various crops, such as vegetables of Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and the like, and more than 100 crops of peanuts, tobaccos and the like, and also important pests of orchards and lawns. At present, the methods for preventing and controlling the pests mainly comprise spraying chemical agents and trapping and killing adults. As is well known, chemical agents have the advantages of quick effect and convenient use, but the occurrence of drug resistance is becoming more serious, for example, the black cutworm has already generated high resistance to various insecticides such as pyrethrins, organophosphorus and the like. Regarding the trapping and killing of the imagoes, the imagoes can be trapped and killed by utilizing a black light lamp or an overhead light and sugar-vinegar liquid in the exuberant period of the imagoes according to the characteristic that the black cutworms have phototaxis. However, due to the reasons of weather, the black light lamp, the overhead light and the sugar-vinegar liquid are trapped and killed, and the use has certain limitation. In the face of various problems brought by the application of chemical agents, the use of sex pheromones for preventing and controlling pests becomes a new generation of green sustainable means. According to the principle that sex pheromone released by female insects has strong attraction capacity on the same kind of males, the components and the proportion of the sex pheromone of the female black cutworm can be accurately applied to insect condition observation and report, pest quarantine, mating interference and mass trapping, and the ideal effect of comprehensively treating the black cutworm is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a black cutworm sex attractant and application thereof to improve the effect of comprehensively treating the black cutworm.
Based on the above purpose, the black cutworm sex attractant provided by the invention is characterized by consisting of sex pheromone and synergist. Wherein the agrotis ypsilon sex pheromone consists of cis-7-dodecaacetate (Z7-12: Ac), cis-9-tetradecylacetate (Z9-14: Ac) and cis-11-hexadecylacetate (Z11-16: Ac) in a mass ratio of 3:1.3: 0.8;
the synergist is one or more of cis-7-dodecenyl-1-alcohol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol methanesulfonate and cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone.
Possibly, the synergist consists of the following components in respective weight ratio: cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate, cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone 0.01-0.5: 0.01-0.65: 0.01-0.4.
Preferably, the synergist comprises the following components in respective weight ratio: cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate, cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone 0.01-0.2: 0.01-0.5: 0.01-0.15.
Optimally, the synergist consists of the following components in respective weight ratio: cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone 0.05:0.15: 0.05.
A preparation method of a black cutworm sex attractant lure core comprises the steps of dripping a normal hexane solution containing a synergist onto the lure core containing black cutworm sex pheromone, dripping dichloromethane onto the lure core after the normal hexane is volatilized, and obtaining the lure core containing the black cutworm sex attractant after the dichloromethane is volatilized.
When the application of the black cutworm attractant composition lure core in the process of trapping black cutworms is used, the trap fixed with the black cutworm attractant is hung in an area where the black cutworm occurs or is likely to occur, and the black cutworm attractant composition lure core is used for monitoring the pest situation of the black cutworm, trapping a large number of black cutworms and disturbing mating. The trap is one of a sticky trap, a ship-shaped trap and a barrel-shaped trap.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the agrotis ypsilon sex attractant provided by the invention is simple to prepare and easily available in raw materials; has strong trapping ability, good stability and long lasting period, and the prevention and treatment effect can be maintained for more than 30 days; the specificity is strong, and the black cutworm can not generate resistance; is harmless to human and livestock and environment-friendly; strong stress resistance and convenient use. The invention can be accurately applied to insect condition detection and prediction, mating interference and mass trapping, and has important significance for comprehensively treating the black cutworms.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1 preparation of Gekko Swinhonis sex attractant
Dripping n-hexane solution containing a synergist onto a lure containing the agrotis ypsilon sex pheromone, dripping dichloromethane onto the lure after the n-hexane is volatilized, preparing the lure containing the agrotis ypsilon sex pheromone after the dichloromethane is volatilized, placing the lure into a barrel-shaped trap, and then placing the trap into a serious plot of the agrotis ypsilon. In order to ensure the release effect, 100-1000 mu g of black cutworm sex attractant is put into each 1mL of rubber lure, and the average distance between traps is 10 m. To further illustrate the feasibility of this example, 18 specific formulations are given in table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 2 trapping experiments
Selecting a connected kale field with consistent cabbage variety, growth and fertilizer and water management conditions, more than 10 mu of area and more serious black cutworm occurrence as a test field, setting 5 repeated barrel-shaped traps containing the black cutworm sex attractant composition uniformly and randomly for each treatment, and simultaneously randomly setting 5 light traps, 5 blank barrel-shaped traps and 5 barrel-shaped traps containing three live female black cutworms which are not yet mated after 3 days of eclosion. The average spacing between traps was 10 m. After the placement, the number of the trapped black cutworms was investigated every three days, the eclosion of the live female black cutworms was changed, and the trapping positions were randomly changed for continuous investigation for 30 days. The trapping effect is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The result shows that the black cutworm sex attractant has good trapping effect on black cutworms. As can be seen from the significance comparison, the difference of the trapping amount of the treatment containing cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate and cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone is significant (P is less than 0.05) compared with the trapping amount of the agrotis ypsilon, which indicates that the trapping activity of the agrotis ypsilon is synergistic by the cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, the cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate and the cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone, wherein 5 mu g of the cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate and 15 mu g of the cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate in the formulas 1-13, The trapping amount of 5 mu g of cis-8, cis-10-dodecadienylmethyl ketone is the most obvious difference compared with the tiger sex pheromone, which indicates that the synergistic activity is the highest.
The inventor respectively adopts cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate, cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone to treat as the trapping agent to repeat the trapping experiments, and the inventor does not have the trapping effect, and adds cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate and cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone with different proportions to the sex pheromone of the black cutworm to repeat the trapping experiments as the synergist, and finds that the effects are all lower than those of the formulas 1-13. The agrotis ypsilon synergist disclosed by the invention is proved to have strong specificity, and the trapping effect can be obviously improved by adding trace amounts of cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate and cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone. Therefore, the black cutworm sex attractant provided by the invention can be accurately applied to the detection and prediction of the black cutworm situation, the mass trapping and the interference of mating, and has important significance for the comprehensive treatment of the black cutworms.
The inventor respectively adopts structural analogues of cis-7-dodecenyl acetate, cis-9-tetradecyl acetate and cis-11-hexadecyl acetate, namely cis-7-tetradecyl enol acetate (sex attractant for elm moth), cis-9, trans-11-tetradecyl diene acetate (sex attractant for colestida), and trans-11-hexadecene acetate as the trapping agents to repeat the trapping experiments, and the trapping effect is not generated, so that the Gekko parvus sex pheromone disclosed by the invention has strong specificity.
The above disclosure is only one specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A attractant composition for preventing and treating black cutworm is characterized by comprising a black cutworm sex pheromone component and a synergist, wherein the black cutworm sex pheromone component comprises cis-7-dodecenoacetic ester, cis-9-tetradeceacetic ester and cis-11-hexadeceacetic ester, the synergist comprises cis-7-dodecenyl-1-ol propionate, cis-11-hexadecene-1-ol methanesulfonate, cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone, and the attractant composition is placed into a rubber attractant core for attraction;
520 mu g of the agrotis ypsilon attractant composition is placed in 1mL of the rubber attraction core, wherein 300 mu g of cis-7-dodecenoacetic ester, 130 mu g of cis-9-tetradeceacetic ester, 80 mu g of cis-11-hexadeceacetic ester, 2 mu g of synergist cis-7-dodecenyl-1-alcohol propionate, 6 mu g of cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol methanesulfonate, and 2 mu g of cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone;
or 526.6 mu g of the agrotis ypsilon attractant composition is placed in 1mL of the rubber attraction core, wherein 300 mu g of cis-7-dodecenoacetic ester, 130 mu g of cis-9-tetradeceacetic ester, 80 mu g of cis-11-hexadeceacetic ester, 3.3 mu g of synergist cis-7-dodecenyl-1-alcohol propionate, 10 mu g of cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol methanesulfonate and 3.3 mu g of cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone are placed in the rubber attraction core;
or 535 mug of the agrotis ypsilon attractant composition is placed in 1mL of the rubber attraction core, wherein 300 mug of cis-7-dodecene acetate, 130 mug of cis-9-tetradecene acetate, 80 mug of cis-11-hexadecene acetate, 5 mug of synergist cis-7-dodecene-1-alcohol propionate, 15 mug of cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol mesylate, and 5 mug of cis-8, cis-10-dodecene methyl ketone are placed in the rubber attraction core;
or 547.5 mu g of the agrotis ypsilon attractant composition is placed in 1mL of the rubber attraction core, wherein 300 mu g of cis-7-dodecenoacetate, 130 mu g of cis-9-tetradecoacetate, 80 mu g of cis-11-hexadecoacetate, 7.5 mu g of synergist cis-7-dodecenyl-1-alcohol propionate, 22.5 mu g of cis-11-hexadecene-1-alcohol methanesulfonate, and 7.5 mu g of cis-8, cis-10-dodecenyl methyl ketone are placed in the rubber attraction core.
2. The method for preparing the lure of the attractant composition for controlling agrotis ypsilon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normal hexane solution containing the synergist is dripped on the lure containing agrotis ypsilon sex pheromone, dichloromethane is dripped on the lure after the normal hexane is volatilized, and the lure containing the agrotis ypsilon sex attractant is prepared after the dichloromethane is volatilized.
3. Use of a lure composition according to claim 1 for the biological control of black cutworm.
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CN112075444A (en) * | 2019-06-15 | 2020-12-15 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Sex attractant for Spodoptera litura and application thereof |
CN115428792B (en) * | 2022-10-05 | 2023-09-01 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Attractant composition for preventing and controlling yellow land tigers and application thereof |
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CN106070293A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 漳州市英格尔农业科技有限公司 | Black cutworm sex pheromone and preparation method thereof and lure |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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含氟昆虫性信息素的研究进展及应用前景;董梦雅等;《农药学学报》;20151231;第17卷(第5期);参见第505-511页 * |
小地老虎中国种群性信息素的成分鉴定及田间试验;向玉勇等;《动物学研究》;20090215;第30卷(第1期);参见第59-64页 * |
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