CN107466827A - A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107466827A CN107466827A CN201710821350.8A CN201710821350A CN107466827A CN 107466827 A CN107466827 A CN 107466827A CN 201710821350 A CN201710821350 A CN 201710821350A CN 107466827 A CN107466827 A CN 107466827A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- molded substrates
- water
- matrix
- cultivation matrix
- cultivation
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof, with solve prior art operation is complicated, be not easy to storage transport, seriously polluted and transplanting when easily hinder root the problems such as.The present invention uses following steps：(1) base starting material is handled：Cultivation matrix is dried for standby.(2) product formula：Mixed by following component and volume ratio, baking substrate：3600cm3.Perlite dosage is the 10 30% of matrix volume；The volume ratio of adhesive and matrix is 1:120‑180；The volume ratio of water-loss reducer and matrix is 1:200‑600.(3) molding system is entered：Matrix, perlite, adhesive and water-loss reducer are mixed in proportion, add suitable quantity of water to stir and be fitted into the mould of different size, loads non-woven bag after being pressed into solid shape.Described molded substrates are applied to facility cultivation and home gardening, and simple to operate, own wt is light, can long-distance transportation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation field, is related to a kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Traditional organic substrate Soilless Culture Methods need such as sponge seedling growing block, rock wool plantation pad cultivating container, are transplanting
During need matrix filling basin, it is cumbersome, and transplant when easily hinder root, cultivation effect is undesirable.
In recent years, seedling growing block is widely applied and applied, and is mainly used in the nursery of the vegetables such as cucumber, tomato and capsicum,
Convenient operation and management, percentage of seedgermination is higher and growing way is roughly the same.Correlative study on vegetable growing molded substrates at present
It is less with reporting, because the time used in vegetable growing is long, growth period liquid manure demand is different, molded substrates are long-term use of easily
Dissipate, therefore research and develop the molded substrates for being suitable to vegetable growing there is important practical value.Prior art is suitable to the mould of vegetable growing
Matrix processed mainly uses coconut palm chaff brick and coconut palm chaff bag at present, and its shortcoming is that nutrient is less, and vegetable growing is ineffective.
The content of the invention
It is numerous to solve existing cultivation mode operation it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof
It is trivial, be not easy to the problems such as easily hindering root when storage transport, seriously polluted and transplanting.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：A kind of molded substrates, by adhesive and water-loss reducer in proportion
Composition is well mixed with cultivation matrix, the cultivation matrix includes perlite, and the perlite accounts for the 10- of cultivation matrix volume
30%, the volume ratio of adhesive and cultivation matrix is 1:The volume ratio of 120-180, water-loss reducer and cultivation matrix is 1:200-600,
The molded substrates are cube, and cultivation cave is offered above molded substrates.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix is organic culture substrate, and the content of organic matter >=25% of the cultivation matrix is described
Organic culture substrate volume is 3600cm3.Preferably, the perlite accounts for the 15% of cultivation matrix volume.
Preferably, described adhesive is polyacrylamide, described adhesive model PAM (chemical composition is acrylonitrile,
Active principle content >=93%), the volume ratio of described adhesive and cultivation matrix is 1:180.
Preferably, the water-loss reducer is hydroscopic high-molecular resin type, the water-loss reducer model SAP (Super
Absorbent Polymer), the volume ratio of the water-loss reducer and cultivation matrix is 1:200.
Preferably, the cultivation cave is prism-frustum-shaped, and the opening close to top is larger, is provided with the cultivation cave and is used to prevent
The hole tray that cultivation cave collapses, the larger one end of the cultivation cave opening are provided with drainage trough, the high 1cm of drainage trough.
Most preferably, the hole tray upper bottom surface is 4.8 × 4.8cm square, and bottom surface is 2.2 × 2.2cm pros
Shape, the high 5cm of hole tray.
Preferably, the floor space specification of the molded substrates is 20 × 20cm -16 × 16cm, and the molded substrates are high
7.5-8.5cm。
Most preferably, the floor space specification of the molded substrates is 18 × 18cm, the high 8cm of molded substrates.
A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof, comprise the following steps：
(1) base starting material is handled：Cultivation matrix is dried for standby；
(2) product formula：Each component is mixed in proportion；
(3) molding system is entered：The cultivation matrix of drying, perlite, adhesive and water-loss reducer are mixed in proportion, add water
Stir and be fitted into the mould of different size, load non-woven bag after being pressed into solid shape.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Described molded substrates are applied to facility cultivation and home gardening, simple to operate, itself
Weight is light, beneficial to maintain environment clean and tidy and can with long-distance transportation and cost it is relatively low.Molded substrates provided by the invention are having
Perlite is added in machine cultivation matrix so that molded substrates increase its porosity while original shape is maintained, so as to be suitable to
The growth of vegetable crop.The cultivation cave is fixed on above molded substrates by hole tray, and hole tray can prevent young plant Yin Gen after transplanting
It was simple and easy lodging, and moisture oozes under cultivation cave as far as possible when making to water during cultivation or add nutrient solution, rather than direct edge
Outer surface flows to molded substrates bottom, so that root system preferably absorbs moisture and nutrient.Described molded substrates are adopted in preparing
Adhesive and water-loss reducer are non-toxic degradable material, environmentally safe.The water conservation added in described molded substrates
Agent can delay water evaporation rate so as to extend watering time interval, in addition, the use of water-loss reducer can increase molded substrates
Porosity, beneficial to the field planting and growth of root system.Described molded substrates, which load non-woven bag, can reduce moisture and matrix stream
Lose, and seedling directly can be placed in cultivation cave or be dried for standby molded substrates, made using preceding can be put into water saturates
With easy to remove, Optimization Planting environment, keep planting environment clean and tidy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of stereogram of molded substrates of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of side view of molded substrates of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is adhesive 1:Influence of the 150 treatment group different proportion water-loss reducers to molded substrates water retention；
Fig. 4 is adhesive 1:Influence of the 180 treatment group different proportion water-loss reducers to molded substrates water retention；
1. cave drainage trough is cultivated, 2. cultivation caves, 3. molded substrates.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, in conjunction with specific embodiment and
Specific accompanying drawing is further elaborated.The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of molded substrates, it is well mixed in proportion with cultivation matrix by adhesive and water-loss reducer
Form, the cultivation matrix includes perlite, and the perlite accounts for the 15% of cultivation matrix volume, adhesive and cultivation matrix
Volume ratio is 1:180, described adhesive model PAM (chemical composition be acrylonitrile, active principle content >=93%), water-loss reducer
Volume ratio with cultivation matrix is 1:200, the water-loss reducer is hydroscopic high-molecular resin type, the water-loss reducer model SAP
(Super Absorbent Polymer), the molded substrates are cube, and cultivation cave is offered above molded substrates.Institute
It is organic culture substrate to state cultivation matrix, the content of organic matter >=25% of the cultivation matrix, the organic culture substrate volume
For 3600cm3.The cultivation cave is prism-frustum-shaped, and the opening close to top is larger, is provided with the cultivation cave and is used to prevent from cultivating
The hole tray that cave collapses, the larger one end of the cultivation cave opening are provided with drainage trough, the high 1cm of drainage trough.Bottom in the hole tray
Face be 4.8 × 4.8cm square, bottom surface be 2.2 × 2.2cm square, the high 5cm of hole tray.The molded substrates
Floor space specification be 18 × 18cm, the high 8cm of molded substrates.
A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof, comprise the following steps：(1) base starting material is handled：Cultivation matrix is dried
It is standby；(2) product formula：Each component is mixed in proportion；(3) molding system is entered：By the cultivation matrix, perlite, bonding of drying
Agent and water-loss reducer mix in proportion, and add water to stir and be fitted into the mould of different size, load after being pressed into solid shape
Non-woven bag.
Embodiment 1
With reference to unit weight, the porosity of Guo Shirong (2003) method measure matrix, on the other hand, substrate block is infiltrated into saturation
Leaching is dry naturally afterwards, is fallen naturally from 1m height, and remaining matrix weight and the percentage of intact matrix block weight are shaping after being scattered
Rate.
Above experimental result is as shown in table 1, and with the reduction of adhesive addition, the unit weight of molded substrates is reduced, ventilation
Porosity increased, and ratio of briquetting gradually reduces.T1-T5 treatment groups are separated according to different perlite contents, T1 group perlites contain
Measure 10%, T1-T5 treatment groups perlite content with 5% to be incremented by, in each adhesive ratio treatment group, as perlite contains
The increase of amount, unit weight are in reduction trend, and total porosity is not significantly different, and ratio of briquetting is gradually reduced.Consider ventilating slit and cultivation
Cave size is trained, preferably specification B, is further compared from ventilating slit and ratio of briquetting, preferably adhesive/matrix volume is than 1:150 Hes
1:180.Due to molded substrates constancy of volume, perlite increase can cause matrix reduce so that nutrition reduce, therefore, perlite
Follow Shaoshi principle.By analysis, the preferred perlite T2 treatment groups (perlite content 15%) of this experiment.
Table 1：Influence of the different proportion adhesive to molded substrates fixed effect and physicochemical character
Embodiment 2
The weight of the cultivation matrix of drying is first measured, the water of equivalent is added in each experimental group, is absorbed water according to formula matrix
Amount (%)=(quality-baking substrate quality after matrix water suction)/baking substrate quality × 100% can determine a period matrix
Water absorption.
Further to adhesive 1:150 and 1:180 treatment groups add different proportion water-loss reducer, according to different water-loss reducer ratios
Being divided into T1-T5 groups, (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 group correspond to water-loss reducer ratio 1 respectively:200,1:300,1:400,1:500,1:
600) molded substrates physicochemical character, as shown in table 2,1, are determined:150 treatment groups are with the reduction of water-loss reducer addition, passage
Gap and water absorption are in first to increase to subtract trend afterwards, and 1:Water absorption is without significant difference after 180 treatment groups addition water-loss reducer.1:At 180 groups of T1
Ventilating slit highest is managed, ratio of briquetting and water retention are preferable, therefore the volume of the preferred adhesive of the molded substrates component and matrix
Than 1:180, the volume ratio 1 of water-loss reducer and matrix:200.
Table 2：Influence of the different proportion water-loss reducer to molded substrates physicochemical character
Embodiment 3
Substrate block is infiltrated into saturation, every 1h 1/100 electronic balance weighings 1 time, water retention is calculated according to formula
(R)：R=(m '-m)/(m0-m) × 100%, in formula, m ' is substrate block total amount (g), and m is substrate block dry weight (g), and m0 is matrix
Quality (g) after block infiltration saturation, finally carries out day part water retention to collect tabulation, draws different proportion water-loss reducer to molding
The trend of the influence of matrix water retention.
Fig. 3 is adhesive 1:Influence of the 150 treatment group different proportion water-loss reducers to molded substrates water retention, Fig. 4 are bonding
Agent 1:Influence of the 180 treatment group different proportion water-loss reducers to molded substrates water retention, according to different water-loss reducer ratios be divided into T1,
(T1, T3, T5 correspond to water-loss reducer ratio 1 to T3, T5 group respectively:200、1:400、1:600), as shown in Fig. 3 Fig. 4：With water-loss reducer
The reduction of dosage, water retention is on a declining curve, then comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 T1, T3, T5 group, it will be apparent that T1 group water retentions are each
Period is all higher than T3 and T5 groups, therefore preferably water-loss reducer 1:200 make molded substrates；Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4, the results showed that：
Adhesive 1:The water retention curve T1 of 150 treatment groups water retention is more than adhesive 1:180 treatment group T1 water retention, however it is viscous
Mixture 1:150 treatment groups are because amount of binder is more, and substrate block is tighter, and ventilating slit is smaller, and ventilatory effect is poor, therefore, excellent
Select adhesive 1:180 make molded substrates.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. molded substrates, it is characterised in that：The molded substrates be by adhesive and water-loss reducer in proportion with cultivation matrix Well mixed to form, the cultivation matrix includes perlite, and the perlite accounts for the 10-30% of cultivation matrix volume, adhesive Volume ratio with cultivation matrix is 1:The volume ratio of 120-180, water-loss reducer and cultivation matrix is 1:200-600, the molding base Matter is cube, and cultivation cave is offered above molded substrates.
- 2. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cultivation matrix is organic culture substrate, described The content of organic matter >=25% of cultivation matrix, the organic culture substrate volume are 3600cm3。
- 3. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The perlite accounts for the 15% of cultivation matrix volume.
- 4. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described adhesive is polyacrylamide, described viscous The volume ratio of mixture model PAM, described adhesive and cultivation matrix is 1:180.
- 5. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water-loss reducer is hydroscopic high-molecular resin type, institute Water-loss reducer model SAP is stated, the volume ratio of the water-loss reducer and cultivation matrix is 1:200.
- 6. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cultivation cave is prism-frustum-shaped, close to opening for top Mouth is larger, is provided with the cultivation cave and is used to prevent from cultivating the hole tray that cave collapses, described larger one end of cave opening of cultivating is provided with Drainage trough, the high 1cm of drainage trough.
- 7. molded substrates according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The hole tray upper bottom surface is 4.8 × 4.8cm pros Shape, bottom surface be 2.2 × 2.2cm square, the high 5cm of hole tray.
- 8. molded substrates according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The floor space specification of the molded substrates be 20 × 20cm -16 × 16cm, the high 7.5-8.5cm of molded substrates.
- 9. molded substrates according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The floor space specification of the molded substrates be 18 × 18cm, the high 8cm of molded substrates.
- 10. a kind of preparation method of molded substrates, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) base starting material is handled：Cultivation matrix is dried for standby；(2) product formula：Each component is mixed in proportion；(3) molding system is entered：The cultivation matrix of drying, perlite, adhesive and water-loss reducer are mixed in proportion, add water to stir And be fitted into the mould of different size, load non-woven bag after being pressed into solid shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710821350.8A CN107466827A (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710821350.8A CN107466827A (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107466827A true CN107466827A (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710821350.8A Pending CN107466827A (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of molded substrates and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108739319A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method of molded substrates culturing vegetable |
| CN112262736A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-26 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Substrate block with hardened shell, preparation device and preparation method |
| CN112314391A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Microwave heating curing device and process and curing matrix manufactured by same |
| CN112335489A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103483091A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Preparation method of nutrition ball and nutrition medium for direct seeding of dry pepper |
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2017
- 2017-09-12 CN CN201710821350.8A patent/CN107466827A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103483091A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Preparation method of nutrition ball and nutrition medium for direct seeding of dry pepper |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 郭世荣: "固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势", 《农业工程学报》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108739319A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method of molded substrates culturing vegetable |
| CN112262736A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-26 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Substrate block with hardened shell, preparation device and preparation method |
| CN112314391A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Microwave heating curing device and process and curing matrix manufactured by same |
| CN112314391B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-03-07 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Microwave heating curing device and process and curing matrix manufactured by same |
| CN112262736B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-04-07 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Substrate block with hardened shell, preparation device and preparation method |
| CN112335489A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake |
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Application publication date: 20171215 |
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