CN107429759B - 离合器系统 - Google Patents

离合器系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107429759B
CN107429759B CN201680021327.4A CN201680021327A CN107429759B CN 107429759 B CN107429759 B CN 107429759B CN 201680021327 A CN201680021327 A CN 201680021327A CN 107429759 B CN107429759 B CN 107429759B
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torque
clutch
output
input
plane
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CN107429759A (zh
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安德里亚斯·特赫肯舒
迪克·赖茨
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F16D27/112—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D47/00—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D13/54—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F16D13/74—Features relating to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/04—Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with a clutch for locking the driving and driven members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D47/00—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings
    • F16D47/04—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings of which at least one is a freewheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F16D27/112—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D27/115—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种离合器系统，用于连接机动车发动机的驱动轴与机动车变速器(20)的至少一个变速器输入轴，所述离合器系统具有：尤其设计为片式离合器的摩擦离合器(30)，所述摩擦离合器用于在扭矩输入件(12)，尤其机动车发动机的驱动轴和扭矩输出件(18)，尤其机动车变速器的变速器输入轴之间传递扭矩；用于轴向移动所述摩擦离合器(30)的压板的斜面系统(32)，其中，所述斜面系统(32)具有输入斜面(34)和能够相对于所述输入斜面(34)能旋转的、用于改变所述斜面系统(32)的轴向延伸的输出斜面(36)；预控离合器(40)，用于通过在所述扭矩输入件(12)和所述扭矩输出件(18)之间的转速差触发所述输入斜面(34)相对于所述输出斜面(36)的旋转；用于操作所述预控离合器(40)的操作件(38)和与所述摩擦离合器(30)并联的自由轮(28)，其中，所述自由轮用于将扭矩从所述扭矩输入件(12)向扭矩输出件(18)传递，并且用于中断从所述扭矩输出件(18)到所述扭矩输入件(12)的扭矩流。对于在滑行运行状态下的运行状态切换，只需要借助预控离合器(40)短暂地利用在扭矩输入件(12)和扭矩输出件(18)存在的转速差来操作所述摩擦离合器(30)，从而能够使得在驱动系，尤其在混合动力机动车的驱动系中的扭矩传递与不同的行驶模式简单地和高效地相匹配。

Description

离合器系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种离合器系统，借助该离合器系统能够将机动车变速器，尤其是混合动力车辆的变速器的至少一个变速器输入轴与机动车发动机的驱动轴相连接。
背景技术
由WO 2011/050773 A1已知一种所谓的助力离合器类型的离合器系统，其中，能够借助斜面系统操作被设计为分离离合器的摩擦离合器。为了闭合摩擦离合器，斜面系统能够通过相对于输入端斜面能旋转的输出端斜面改变它的轴向延伸，并且因此轴向移动摩擦离合器的压板。因此，在摩擦离合器的压板和配对板之间能够摩擦接合地挤压离合器盘。
总是存在这样的需求，在驱动系，尤其是混合动力机动车的驱动系中的扭矩传递能够容易地和有效地与不同的行驶模式相匹配。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，阐述一种措施，它能够使得在驱动系，尤其是混合动力机动车的驱动系中的扭矩传递容易地和有效地与不同的行驶模式相匹配。
根据本发明所述的技术问题通过具有如下特征的离合器系统解决。在下面的说明书中给出本发明的优选设计方案，这些设计方案能够单独地或组合地表述本发明的主题。
根据本发明，用于连接机动车发动机的驱动轴与机动车变速器的至少一个变速器输入轴的离合器系统具有：尤其设计为片式离合器的摩擦离合器，用于轴向移动摩擦离合器压板的斜面系统，预控离合器，用于操作预控离合器的操作件和与摩擦离合器并联的自由轮，其中，所述摩擦离合器用于在扭矩输入件，尤其机动车发动机的驱动轴和扭矩输出件，尤其机动车变速器的变速器输入轴之间传递扭矩，其中，所述斜面系统具有输入斜面和能够相对于输入斜面能旋转的用于改变斜面系统的轴向延伸的输出斜面，所述预控离合器用于通过在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间的转速差触发输入斜面相对于输出斜面的旋转，所述自由轮用于将扭矩从扭矩输入件向扭矩输出件传递，并且用于中断从扭矩输出件到扭矩输入件的扭矩流。
在正常的牵引运行状态下，从扭矩输入件到扭矩输出件的扭矩流基本上能够通过自由轮实现。因此，在设计为内燃机的机动车发动机中产生的扭矩能够被传递到机动车变速器的变速器输入轴上，以便驱动机动车。因为在这种行驶模式下，扭矩输入件的扭矩超过(überholt)扭矩输出件的扭矩，所以自由轮在此稳定地处于它的闭锁位置上并且传递扭矩。在滑行运行状态下，扭矩输出件能够超过扭矩输入件，从而自由轮到达它的空转位置并且不再能够传递扭矩。因此，在滑行运行状态下，只能够通过摩擦离合器进行扭矩传递。当预控离合器被闭合时，斜面系统的输入斜面与扭矩输入件相连接，并且输出斜面与扭矩输出件相连接，从而对于输入斜面和输出斜面形成转速差，这会导致输入斜面相对于输出斜面旋转。斜面系统因此能够扩大它的轴向延伸，从而闭合尤其设计为分离离合器的摩擦离合器，并且能够实现从扭矩输出件到扭矩输入件的扭矩流。因此，在滑行运行状态下，能够实现从变速器输入轴到机动车发动机的扭矩流，例如能够用来借助机动车发动机的惯性力矩提供制动机动车的附加制动功率。当预控离合器被断开时，输入斜面与扭矩输入件断开连接，并且不再支承在扭矩输入件上。在这种情况下，在输入斜面和输出斜面之间不存在转速差，并且摩擦离合器被断开。因此，在滑行运行状态下能够中断从变速器输入轴到机动车发动机的扭矩流，例如用于在滑移运行模式下通过机动车发动机的惯性力矩使得机动车在没有必要的牵引力损失的情况下行驶。此外，在这种情况下，在混合动力机动车中电机在发动机运行模式下能够较容易地驱动机动车，而不必承担通过机动车发动机的惯性力矩产生的不必要的牵引力损失。对于在滑行运行状态下运行模式的切换只需要借助预控离合器暂时地利用在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间的转速差来操作摩擦离合器，从而能够实现扭矩传递在驱动系，尤其混合动力机动车中与不同的行驶模式简单地和高效地匹配。
预控离合器，斜面系统和摩擦离合器能够一起构成所谓的助力离合器。在摩擦离合器的闭合状态下，扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件在非滑行状态下具有基本上相同的转速。在摩擦离合器的断开状态下，扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件能够以不同的转速旋转，从而在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间形成转速差。通过扭矩输入件和摩擦离合器的扭矩能够至少部分地通过至少部分闭合的预控离合器，从而能够在预控离合器的闭合状态下将至少部分扭矩传递通过斜面系统，从而能够降低构件负载。预控离合器尤其在输入斜面相对于输出斜面旋转时导致在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间的滑触式的摩擦接合。通过滑行式的摩擦接合能够在预控离合器中产生转速差，该转速差能够使得输入斜面相对于输出斜面旋转。同时，在滑行运行下还能够传递扭矩，该扭矩还能够继续传递到斜面系统，以便提供用于压板的相对较高的压力。当在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间没有转速调整时，滑触式运行的预控离合器能够通过斜面系统与预控离合器的合适的连接将转速差转化为输入斜面相对于输出斜面的相对旋转。因此，由于在预控离合器内部的转速差，并且因此由于扭矩输入件与扭矩输出件的转速差能够改变斜面系统的轴向延伸。通过斜面系统的变化的延伸能够使得用于闭合摩擦离合器的压板移动，其中，用于移动压板的移动力能够是通过预控离合器传递的扭矩的分量。当斜面系统的延伸被如此大地改变，例如使得压板挤压片式离合器的离合器盘和/或摩擦片时，根据滑行运行的条件使得扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件的转速同步，从而不再形成转速差。随后能够将斜面系统保持在到达的位置上。
在摩擦离合器的闭合位置上，待传递的扭矩的绝大部分能够通过配对板与离合器盘构成的摩擦副传递，其中，待传递的扭矩的较少部分能够通过预控离合器传递。因此，通过预控离合器对压板施加相应大小的挤压力，从而保证并且在不发生滑移下传递相应较高的扭矩。在此，通过合适地选择斜面系统的斜面斜率实现作用力转换，从而在较低的用于操作预控离合器的操作力作用下能够实现提高的被转换的挤压力。此外，能够利用待传递的扭矩的一部分来提供挤压力，从而能够由另外的能量源提供挤压力。通过只间接地由预控离合器作用在压板上的操作力，能够由预控离合器实现作用力增强，和/或形成用于闭合摩擦离合器的待传递的扭矩的扭矩分量，从而能够以被明显提高的挤压力摩擦接合地闭合摩擦离合器，由此能够以较低的设计成本实现摩擦离合器的牢靠的闭合。
通过斜面系统的斜面的斜面斜率能够实现作用力增强，因而与在压板上能实现的挤压力相比，为了闭合预控离合器需要更小的操作力。因此，与操作系统直接移动压板的情况相比，能够设计明显更小的和更节省结构空间的尤其是磁性的操作系统。此外，能够实现将预控离合器从压板的区域中移出。因此，预控离合器尤其相对于压板，至少大部分能够径向向内地朝向压板定位，从而能够利用径向上在离合器盘的摩擦衬片内的结构空间。离合器盘的摩擦接触能够因此发生在径向上相对靠近外侧的区域内，从而需要摩擦离合器的径向向内方向上相应较小的延伸，以便能够实现相应较大的摩擦面。在此，能够利用这样的知识，预控离合器只需要传递较低的扭矩就可以操作斜面系统，因而具有相对于离合器盘更小的平均摩擦半径的相应较小的摩擦面就已经足够。
但是，输出斜面能够抗扭地、轴向可移动地与扭矩输出件相联接。因此，与扭矩输出件相连接的输出斜面和通过预控离合器能与扭矩输入件相连接的输入斜面在扭矩输出件和扭矩输入件之间存在转速差的情况下能够相对旋转。斜面系统的斜面能够直接地相互滑动或者通过至少一个球体、圆柱或者其它能旋转的部件相互旋转，从而能够构成球体-斜面系统。通过斜面的相对旋转，能够改变输入斜面和输出斜面的分别指向对置的斜面的后侧的间距，从而能够相应地减小或扩大斜面系统的轴向延伸。特别优选地是，输入斜面相对于输出斜面的最大相对旋转角度例如被至少一个止挡件所限制，因此例如能够避免超出摩擦离合器的摩擦衬片的最大磨损区域。
自由轮尤其具有与扭矩输入件连接的输入环和与扭矩输出件连接的输出环，其中，预控离合器在闭合状态下与输入环，尤其间接地通过摩擦离合器的输入摩擦片支架摩擦接合地连接。自由轮的输入环能够因此表示在扭矩流上的一个位置，在该位置上能够实现扭矩的功率分流。因此能够保证，在牵引运行状态下，由机动车发动机产生的扭矩基本上完全地到达自由轮，并且通过自由轮进一步传递到扭矩输出件上。在滑行运行状态下，如果自由轮位于空转位置上，来自扭矩输出件的扭矩，不通过自由轮的输出环，而是通过摩擦离合器传递到输入环上，只要预控离合器在滑行运行状态下具有在扭矩输入件上的扭矩流。在牵引运行状态下，能够将全部的扭矩传递经过预控离合器和摩擦离合器，而在滑行运行状态下扭矩能够传递到自由轮上。在牵引运行状态和滑行运行状态下，待传递的扭矩的不同的负载路径能够由此是非常短的，由此能够实现离合器系统的节省空间的设计。
自由轮优选具有与扭矩输入件连接的输入环和与扭矩输出件连接的输出环，其中，自由轮的输出环与摩擦离合器的尤其设计为输出摩擦片支架的输出件相连接，其中，尤其是该输出环通过摩擦离合器的在轴向上位置固定的配对板与输出件相连接。因此，在牵引运行状态下，能够直接地在摩擦离合器的输出部将扭矩流向扭矩输出件输送，从而在牵引运行状态下和在滑行运行状态下能够整体上使用尽量多的分区段来传递扭矩。在牵引运行状态下和在滑行运行状态下待传递的扭矩的不同的负载路径能够因此是很短的，从而能够实现离合器系统的节省空间的结构设计。
特别优选的是，摩擦离合器的输出件和/或扭矩输出件具有集成的径向偏移补偿装置，尤其是力矩传感器。能够由此平缓地进行摩擦离合器的通过在预控离合器上形成的转速差而实现的断开和闭合。此外，能够自动地补偿用于操作摩擦离合器而形成的预控离合器和摩擦离合器相关构件的相对旋转。尤其在径向偏移补偿中，在闭合摩擦离合器的情况下通过作用的扭矩能够预紧弹簧件，从而在去除现有的扭矩的情况下被预紧的弹簧件能够使得摩擦离合器自动地断开。因此，能够简单地实现在滑行运行状态和牵引运行状态之间的切换，而不必通过外部控制对摩擦离合器或者预控离合器产生影响。
预控离合器尤其具有用于将预控离合器定位在限定的、尤其与预控离合器的闭合位置相应的输出位置。只需要在这样的时刻操作操作件，即在滑行运行状态下应该中断向扭矩输入件和机动车发动机的扭矩传递的时侯，例如在机动车的滑移运动状态下或者在纯电动驱动下借助混合动力机动车作用在扭矩输出件上的电机的时候。
预控离合器优选具有被操作件、尤其磁性地、能轴向移动的牵引件，用于断开和/或闭合预控离合器。通过牵引件例如能够轴向移动摩擦件，用于可选择地断开和/或闭合预控离合器，该摩擦件能够导引用于与扭矩输入件摩擦接合式连接的摩擦副。为此，牵引件只需要较小的轴向移动路程，从而牵引件能够较容易地被由操作件产生的磁性力移动。牵引件为此尤其至少在与操作件对置的区域内由铁磁性材料构成。
特别优选的是，借助牵引件能够在轴向上移动在牵引件上能旋转支承的、用来与扭矩输入件形成摩擦接合式连接的摩擦件，其中，所述摩擦件抗扭地却能轴向相对移动地与斜面系统的输入斜面相连接。当摩擦件被牵引件轴向移动时，摩擦件例如通过齿轮抗扭地保持与输入斜面的连接，以便能够在有转速差和存在摩擦接合式连接的情况下驱动斜面系统。设计摩擦件能够与输入斜面一起旋转，而牵引件则尤其只能轴向移动并且不会随着一起旋转。摩擦件能够通过轴承，尤其向心球轴承能转动地支承在牵引件上。该牵引件能够作用在轴承的背离摩擦件的轴承圈上，以便轴向移动该轴承圈，其中，该轴承圈能够在轴向上带动与摩擦件连接的另外的轴承圈，从而同时还可轴向移动该摩擦件。
斜面系统的输出斜面与摩擦离合器的压板尤其设计为一体式的。输出斜面能够由此同时构成摩擦离合器的压板，从而形成相应较小的结构空间。输出斜面的朝向输入斜面指向的轴向侧能够在圆周方向上被倾斜式设计，以便构成斜面系统，而输出斜面的背离输入斜面的轴向侧能够构成用于摩擦离合器的压板的摩擦面。
优选的是，电机的转子与摩擦离合器的输出件和/或与扭矩输出件相连接。离合器系统能够因此较容易地作为混合模块集成在混合动力机动车中。转子能够与电机的定子共同作用，以便在电机的发动机运行模式下向扭矩输出件导入扭矩并且在电机的发电机运行模式下导出扭矩。例如，能够在机动车被纯电动驱动的运行模式下并且此时扭矩输出件超过扭矩输入件的情况下，借助预控离合器较容易地中断从电机到尤其设计为机动车发动机的扭矩流。优选的是，用来操作预控离合器的必要时所需的来自电机的电能能够被分流使用。此外，对于机动车发动机的启动，能够闭合预控离合器，从而电机能够将用于启动机动车发动机的启动力矩导入机动车发动机。
本发明还涉及一种用于机动车的驱动系，具有扭矩输入件、扭矩输出件、离合器系统和电机，所述扭矩输出件尤其是机动车发动机的驱动轴，所述扭矩输出件尤其是机动车变速器的变速器输入轴，所述离合器系统能够如上面所述地设计和改进，以便在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间传递扭矩，所述电机用于在电机和扭矩输出件之间传递扭矩。对于将运行模式切换到滑行运行模式，只需要借助预控离合器暂时地利用在扭矩输入件和扭矩输出件之间的转速差来操作摩擦离合器，从而能够使得在混合动力机动车的驱动系中的扭矩传递与不同的行驶模式较容易地和高效地相匹配，尤其在混合动力机动车被电机纯电动地驱动的情况下更是如此。
附图说明
下面结合所示的附图根据优选的实施例来详细阐述本发明，其中，下面所述的特征不仅能够单独使用而且能够相互结合一起来表述本发明的主题。附图为：
图1：在牵引运行状态下驱动系的示意性的原理图，
图2：在从牵引运行状态切换到滑行运行状态的情况下由图1所示的驱动系的示意性的原理图，
图3：在滑行运行状态下由图1所示的驱动系的示意性的原理图，
图4：在纯电动驱动的情况下由图1所示的驱动系的示意性的原理图，和
图5：用于由图1所示的驱动系的离合器系统的示意性的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的驱动系10具有扭矩输入件12，该扭矩输入件以机动车发动机的设计为曲轴的驱动轴的形式，该扭矩输入件通过以双质量飞轮形式的扭转振动减振器14和离合器系统16能够与以机动车变速器20的变速器输入轴形式的扭矩输出件18相连接。在扭矩输出件18上还作用连接电机22，用来转换扭矩。电机22为此具有能导电的定子24，该定子能够与转子26共同作用，该转子与扭矩输出件18相连接。必要时，能够在扭矩输入件18和离合器系统16之间和/或在离合器系统16和扭矩输出件18之间设置分离离合器，以便在机动车发动机运行时能够在机动车变速器20中切换挡位。
离合器系统16具有自由轮28，通过该自由轮在图1所示的牵引运行状态下能够将由机动车发动机产生的扭矩从扭矩输入件12传递到扭矩输出件18。当如图2所示从牵引运行状态转换滑行运行状态时，扭矩输出件18能够超过扭矩输入件12，从而扭矩流不再能够通过自由轮28。为了将扭矩从扭矩输出件18传递到扭矩输入件12，例如为了借助机动车发动机的惯性力矩使得机动车制动，能够通过摩擦离合器30传递扭矩。为了操作摩擦离合器30，设置斜面系统32，它能够改变自己的轴向延伸，方法是，使输入斜面34相对于输出斜面36旋转。为此，输出斜面36与扭矩输出件18相连接，而输入斜面34能够通过借助操作件38可操作的预控离合器40与扭矩输入件12相连接。通过扭矩输入件12与扭矩输出件18的转速差，在滑行运行状态下能够在闭合预控离合器40的情况下使得输入斜面34相对于输出斜面36旋转。因此，能够提高斜面系统32的轴向延伸，从而闭合摩擦离合器30并且能够将扭矩从扭矩输出件18通过离合器系统16传递到扭矩输入件12，如图3所示。还能够在滑行运行状态下借助操作件38断开预控离合器40，并且中断到扭矩输入件12的扭矩流。例如当机动车需要被电机22纯电驱动时，如图4所示，能够使用上述设计。
在图5中详细地展示了，离合器系统16能够具有固定的壳体42，借助该壳体能固定电机22的定子24，并且能够通过导向轴承将扭矩输入件12能旋转地支承在壳体上。扭矩输入件12与自由轮28的用作输入环的内圈46相连接。自由轮28具有用作输出环的外圈48，该外圈与设计为片式离合器的摩擦离合器39的配对板50铆接。配对板50与设计为外摩擦片支架的输出件52相连接，该输出件又通过用作集成的径向偏移补偿装置的力矩传感器54与扭矩输出件18相连接。
此外，摩擦离合器30的设计为内摩擦片支架的输入件56与自由轮28的内圈46相铆接。预控离合器40的摩擦件58能够作用连接在输入件56上，以便通过由此被调节的摩擦副闭合预控离合器40。摩擦件58抗扭地却能够轴向移动地与斜面系统32的输入斜面34相连接，以便通过在扭矩输入件12和扭矩输出件18之间的转速差提高斜面系统32的轴向延伸。为此，与扭矩输出件18相连接的输出斜面36能够同时用作摩擦离合器30的压板。预控离合器40被设计为“正常闭合”，并且具有复位弹簧60，该复位弹簧以相应的压紧力将摩擦件58抵靠输入件56挤压。为此，复位弹簧60尤其直接作用在摩擦件58上。在所示的实施方式中，复位弹簧60作用在牵引件62和/或球轴承64上，摩擦件58通过球轴承能旋转地支承在牵引件62上。牵引件62能够由铁磁性材料制成，并且被被操作件38磁性吸引，以便分开在摩擦件58和输入件56之间抵抗复位弹簧60的弹簧力的摩擦副，并且由此断开预控离合器40。在断开预控离合器40的情况下，例如能够通过由力矩传感器54施加的弹簧力将摩擦离合器30自动地移动到断开位置。
附图标记列表
10 驱动系
12 扭矩输入件
14 扭转振动减振器
16 离合器系统
18 扭矩输出件
20 机动车变速器
22 电机
24 定子
26 转子
28 自由轮
30 摩擦离合器
32 斜面系统
34 输入斜面
36 输出斜面
38 操作件
40 预控离合器
42 壳体
46 内圈
48 外圈
50 配对板
52 输出件
54 力矩传感器
56 输入件
58 摩擦件
60 复位弹簧
62 牵引件
64 球轴承

Claims (16)

1.一种离合器系统，用于连接机动车发动机的驱动轴与机动车变速器(20)的至少一个变速器输入轴，所述离合器系统具有：
摩擦离合器(30)，所述摩擦离合器用于在扭矩输入件(12)和扭矩输出件(18)之间传递扭矩，
用于轴向移动所述摩擦离合器(30)的压板的斜面系统(32)，其中，所述斜面系统(32)具有输入斜面(34)和能够相对于所述输入斜面(34)旋转的、用于改变所述斜面系统(32)的轴向延伸的输出斜面(36)，
预控离合器(40)，用于通过在所述扭矩输入件(12)和所述扭矩输出件(18)之间的转速差触发所述输入斜面(34)相对于所述输出斜面(36)的旋转，其中，所述输出斜面(36)与所述扭矩输出件(18)相连接，当所述预控离合器(40)被闭合时，所述输入斜面(34)与所述扭矩输入件(12)相连接，当所述预控离合器(40)被断开时，所述输入斜面(34)与所述扭矩输入件(12)断开连接，
用于操作所述预控离合器(40)的操作件(38)和与所述摩擦离合器(30)并联的自由轮(28)，其中，所述自由轮用于将扭矩从所述扭矩输入件(12)向扭矩输出件(18)传递，并且用于中断从所述扭矩输出件(18)到所述扭矩输入件(12)的扭矩流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(30)设计为片式离合器，和/或
所述扭矩输入件(12)是机动车发动机的驱动轴，和/或
所述扭矩输出件(18)是机动车变速器的变速器输入轴。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述自由轮(28)具有与所述扭矩输入件(12)相连接的输入环(46)和与所述扭矩输出件(18)相连接的输出环(48)，其中，所述预控离合器(40)在闭合状态下与所述输入环(46)摩擦接合式连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述预控离合器(40)在闭合状态下与所述输入环(46)间接地通过所述摩擦离合器(30)的输入摩擦片支架(56)摩擦接合式连接。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述自由轮(28)具有与所述扭矩输入件(12)相连接的输入环(46)和与所述扭矩输出件(18)相连接的输出环(48)，其中，所述自由轮(28)的输出环(48)与所述摩擦离合器(30)的输出件(52)相连接，其中，所述输出环(48)通过所述摩擦离合器(30)的在轴向上位置固定的配对板(50)与所述输出件(18)相连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(30)的所述输出件(52)设计为输出摩擦片支架。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述摩擦离合器(30)的输出件(52)和/或扭矩输出件(18)具有集成的径向偏移补偿装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述径向偏移补偿装置是力矩传感器(54)。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述预控离合器(40)具有用于将所述预控离合器(40)定位在限定的输出位置上的复位弹簧(60)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述输出位置与所述预控离合器(40)的闭合位置相应。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述预控离合器(40)具有牵引件(62)，所述牵引件(62)能够被所述操作件(38)轴向移动，用于断开和/或闭合所述预控离合器(40)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述牵引件(62)能够被所述操作件(38)磁性地轴向移动。
13.权利要求11所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，借助所述牵引件(62)能够在轴向上移动能旋转地支承在所述牵引件(62)上的摩擦件(58)，用来形成与所述扭矩输入件(12)的摩擦接合式的连接，其中，所述摩擦件(58)抗扭地而在轴向上能相对移动地与所述斜面系统(32)的输入斜面(34)相连接。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，所述斜面系统(32)的输出斜面(36)与所述摩擦离合器(30)的压板一体式设计。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器系统，其特征在于，电机(22)的转子(26)与所述摩擦离合器(30)的输出件(52)和/或与所述扭矩输出件(18)相连接。
16.一种用于机动车的驱动系，具有扭矩输入件(12)、扭矩输出件(18)、根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的离合器系统(10)和电机(22)，所述扭矩输入件(12)是机动车发动机的驱动轴，所述扭矩输出件(18)是机动车变速器(20)的变速器输入轴，所述离合器系统(10)用于在所述扭矩输入件(12)和所述扭矩输出件(18)之间传递扭矩，所述电机(22)用于在所述电机(22)和所述扭矩输出件(18)之间传递扭矩。
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