CN107424696B - 一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107424696B
CN107424696B CN201710523222.5A CN201710523222A CN107424696B CN 107424696 B CN107424696 B CN 107424696B CN 201710523222 A CN201710523222 A CN 201710523222A CN 107424696 B CN107424696 B CN 107424696B
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王庭瑜
唐红建
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Jiangsu Yangze River And Huai River Ci Ye Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法。本发明的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于:其由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.25%‑0.48%、Al 0.22%‑0.36%、Nb 0.62%‑0.88%、Ga 0.012%‑0.035%、Nd 13%‑22%、Ti 0.05%‑0.22%、W 0.06%‑0.13%、Mo 0.06%‑0.09%、Cu 0.32%‑0.76%、B 0.95%‑1.06%、余量为Fe。本发明通过对永磁材料成分的合理配比,烧结工艺的改进,使得钕铁硼永磁材料具有较好的耐腐蚀性和耐高温性能,扩大钕铁硼永磁材料的适用范围。

Description

一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法,属于永磁材料生产技术领域。
背景技术:
钕铁硼磁性材料是钕,氧化铁等的合金,又称磁钢。作为稀土永磁材料发展的最新结果,由于其优异的磁性能而被称为“磁王”。钕铁硼具有极高的磁能积和矫力,同时高能量密度的优点使钕铁硼永磁材料在现代工业和电子技术中获得了广泛应用,从而使仪器仪表、电声电机、磁选磁化等设备的小型化、轻量化、薄型化成为可能,烧结钕铁硼永磁体经过气流磨制粉后冶炼而成,矫顽力值很高,且拥有极高的磁性能,其最大磁能积(BHmax)高过铁氧体(Ferrite)10倍以上。其本身的机械性能亦相当之好,可以切割加工不同的形状和钻孔。高性能产品的最高工作温度可达200摄氏度。由于它的物质含量容易导致锈蚀,所以根据不同要求必须对表面进行不同的凃层处理。(如镀锌、镍、环保锌、环保镍、镍铜镍、环保镍铜镍等)。非常坚硬和脆,有高抗退磁性,高成本/性能比例,不适用于高工作温度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述存在的问题,提供一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法,通过对永磁材料成分的合理配比,烧结工艺的改进,使得本申请的钕铁硼永磁材料具有较好的耐腐蚀性和耐高温性能,扩大钕铁硼永磁材料的适用范围。
上述的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.25%-0.48%、Al0.22%-0.36%、Nb 0.62%-0.88%、Ga 0.012%-0.035%、Nd 13%-22%、Ti 0.05%-0.22%、W0.06%-0.13%、Mo 0.06%-0.09%、Cu 0.32%-0.76%、B 0.95%-1.06%、余量为Fe。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.35%、Al 0.29%、Nb0.78%、Ga 0.024%、Nd 17%、Ti 0.13%、W 0.09%、Mo 0.07%、Cu 0.56%、B 1.03%、余量为Fe。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.备料熔炼:按质量百分含量取Co 0.25%-0.48%、Al 0.22%-0.36%、Nb 0.62%-0.88%、Ga 0.012%-0.035%、Nd 13%-22%、Ti 0.05%-0.22%、W 0.06%-0.13%、Mo 0.06%-0.09%、Cu 0.32%-0.76%、B 0.95%-1.06%、余量为Fe加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在氮气保护下进行熔炼,待铁料全部溶入合金液后,静置三分钟,浇铸成锭;
b.制粉:将所得的置于氢碎炉中氢碎得平均粒径为50μm-120μm的粉料,然后使用气流磨制成平均粒度为1μm-5μm的粉末,将上述粉末在惰性气体的保护下搅拌1h-3h;
c.压制成型:将制好的金属粉末置于磁场中垂直取向,并压制成型;
d.烧结和回火:置于真空烧结炉中先进行脱氢,再在1050-1060℃下高温烧结,然后回火,保温2.5-5h,最后采用氮气风冷至60℃以下出炉得到钕铁硼磁体。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤a中所述的熔炼是在0.5MPa氮气的保护下进行。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤c中所述的压制成型以120-250Mpa压制1~1.5小时。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤d中所述的回火处理第一级温度为 920℃, 时间为 3 小时;第二级温度为 560℃,时间为4小时,真空度在 0.1Pa 以上。
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明制得了高矫顽力高温度稳定性烧结的钕铁硼磁体,并且具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,达到相同性能情况下与传统方法相比重稀土含量大大降低,降低生产成本;
本发明通过合理的配比和特定的热处理方式,提高了磁体的矫顽力,使钕铁硼磁体工作温度提高55℃以上,大大扩展了烧结钕铁硼磁体的应用领域。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐明本发明,应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
一种钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.25%、Al 0.36%、Nb0.62%、Ga0.035%、Nd 13%、Ti 0.22%、W 0.06%、Mo0.09%、Cu 0.32%、B 1.06%、余量为Fe。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.备料熔炼:按质量百分含量取Co 0.25%、Al 0.36%、Nb 0.62%、Ga0.035%、Nd13%、Ti 0.22%、W 0.06%、Mo0.09%、Cu 0.32%、B 1.06%、余量为Fe加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在氮气保护下进行熔炼,待铁料全部溶入合金液后,静置三分钟,浇铸成锭;
b.制粉:将所得的置于氢碎炉中氢碎得平均粒径为50μm-120μm的粉料,然后使用气流磨制成平均粒度为1μm-5μm的粉末,将上述粉末在惰性气体的保护下搅拌1h-3h;
c.压制成型:将制好的金属粉末置于磁场中垂直取向,并压制成型;
d.烧结和回火:置于真空烧结炉中先进行脱氢,再在1050-1060℃下高温烧结,然后回火,保温2.5-5h,最后采用氮气风冷至60℃以下出炉得到钕铁硼磁体。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤a中所述的熔炼是在0.5MPa氮气的保护下进行。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤c中所述的压制成型以120-250Mpa压制1~1.5小时。
所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,步骤d中所述的回火处理第一级温度为 920℃, 时间为 3 小时;第二级温度为 560℃,时间为4小时,真空度在 0.1Pa 以上。
实施例2:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.35%、Al 0.29%、Nb 0.78%、Ga 0.024%、Nd 17%、Ti 0.13%、W0.09%、Mo 0.07%、Cu 0.56%、B 1.03%、余量为Fe。
实施例3:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.48%、Al 0.22%、Nb 0.88%、Ga 0.012%、Nd 22%、Ti 0.05%、W0.13%、Mo 0.06%、Cu 0.76%、B 0.95%。
实施例4:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.25%、Al 0.22%、Nb 0.88%、Ga 0.035%、Nd 13%、Ti 0.22%、W0.06%、Mo 0.09%、Cu 0.76%、B 1.06%。
实施例5:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成: Co 0.48%、Al0.36%、Nb 0.62%、Ga 0.012%、Nd 22%、Ti 0.22%、W0.13%、Mo 0.09%、Cu 0.32%、B 0.95%。
实施例6:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.28%、Al 0.32%、Nb 0.66%、Ga 0.022%、Nd 18%、Ti 0.12%、W0.08%、Mo 0.07%、Cu 0.44%、B 0.99%。
实施例7:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:本实施例中所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.33%、Al 0.29%、Nb 0.72%、Ga 0.27%、Nd 18%、Ti 0.17%、W0.11%、Mo 0.09%、Cu 0.58%、B 0.1.02%。

Claims (6)

1.一种钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于:其由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.25%-0.48%、Al 0.22%-0.36%、Nb 0.62%-0.88%、Ga 0.012%-0.035%、Nd 13%-22%、Ti 0.05%-0.22%、W 0.06%-0.13%、Mo 0.06%-0.09%、Cu 0.32%-0.76%、B 0.95%-1.06%、余量为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料,其特征在于:由以下重量百分比的成分组成:Co 0.35%、Al 0.29%、Nb 0.78%、Ga 0.024%、Nd 17%、Ti 0.13%、W 0.09%、Mo 0.07%、Cu0.56%、B 1.03%、余量为Fe。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法包括以下步骤:
a.备料熔炼:按质量百分含量取Co 0.25%-0.48%、Al 0.22%-0.36%、Nb 0.62%-0.88%、Ga 0.012%-0.035%、Nd 13%-22%、Ti 0.05%-0.22%、W 0.06%-0.13%、Mo 0.06%-0.09%、Cu0.32%-0.76%、B 0.95%-1.06%、余量为Fe加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在氮气保护下进行熔炼,待铁料全部溶入合金液后,静置三分钟,浇铸成锭;
b.制粉:将所得的置于氢碎炉中氢碎得平均粒径为50μm-120μm的粉料,然后使用气流磨制成平均粒度为1μm-5μm的粉末,将上述粉末在惰性气体的保护下搅拌1h-3h;
c.压制成型:将制好的金属粉末置于磁场中垂直取向,并压制成型;
d.烧结和回火:置于真空烧结炉中先进行脱氢,再在1050-1060℃下高温烧结,然后回火,保温2.5-5h,最后采用氮气风冷至60℃以下出炉得到钕铁硼磁体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中所述的熔炼是在0.5MPa氮气的保护下进行。
5.根据权利要求3所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤c中所述的压制成型以120-250Mpa压制1~1.5小时。
6.根据权利要求3所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤d中所述的回火处理第一级温度为 920℃, 时间为 3 小时;第二级温度为 560℃,时间为4小时,真空度在 0.1Pa 以上。
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