CN107417272A - 一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107417272A
CN107417272A CN201710466880.5A CN201710466880A CN107417272A CN 107417272 A CN107417272 A CN 107417272A CN 201710466880 A CN201710466880 A CN 201710466880A CN 107417272 A CN107417272 A CN 107417272A
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aluminum oxide
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舒小山
章建武
宫平
汤兴友
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ANHUI HANSHAN PORCELAIN Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，本发明的制造工艺通过利用溶胶凝胶法生成纳米二氧化钛以及添加短切碳纤维来增加氧化铝陶瓷的韧性，改善了传统氧化铝陶瓷韧性及强度差、脆性高的缺点，高温加压烧结过程中纳米二氧化钛的晶粒粒径控制在纳米的尺寸，这也就容易保持良好的强度、低温韧性、低温塑性等性能，从而使得复合改性后的氧化铝陶瓷具有高强度、高韧性；本发明原料简单易得，工艺便于工业控制，解决了日用陶瓷任性差、易开裂的缺点。

Description

一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及日用陶瓷技术领域，尤其涉及一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法及其制造方法。
背景技术
氧化铝陶瓷在力学、耐高温和化学稳定性等方面具有良好的综合性能，而且生产原料来源充足，制造成本低廉，适合进行大规模的工业生产，是目前世界上应用最为广泛的陶瓷材料之一。然而，氧化铝陶瓷较低的断裂韧性限制了它在很多领域的应用，成为制约其进一步发展的主要原因。
碳纤维是一种纤维状碳材料，它是一种强度比钢大、密度比铝小、比不锈钢耐腐蚀性强、比耐热钢耐高温、又能像铜那样导电，具有许多宝贵的电学、热学和力学性能的新型材料。碳纤维主要被制成碳纤维增强塑料这种复合材料来应用。碳纤维与石墨两者的差别在于层与层之间的连接。石墨是晶体结构，它的层间连接松散，而碳纤维不是晶体结构，层间连接是不规则的，这样可防止滑移，增强物质强度。然而短切碳纤维的表面活性以及易团聚的特性，使之很难在基体中分散均匀，若要使用短切碳纤维对氧化铝陶瓷基体进行增韧改性，这就需要对短切碳纤维分散性进行一定的改性以及对整个陶瓷工艺进行相应的改进，从而得到断裂韧性高的日用陶瓷产品。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，包括以下具体步骤：
（1）在80-90℃的水浴条件下加入异丙醇铝以及适量的去离子水，充分搅拌至完全溶解，以300-400转/份的速度搅拌3-4小时后降速至100-120转/分，加入适量的硝酸溶液，保温陈化3-4小时后得到胶体A待用；
（2）将钛酸四丁酯加入到1.5-2倍量的无水乙醇中，强烈搅拌30-40分钟形成溶液钛酸四丁酯乙醇溶液，然后缓慢滴加入到浓度为40wt%的二乙醇胺溶液中，强烈搅拌2-3小时后静置陈化7-8小时，得到胶体B；
（3）将胶体A与胶体B按照一定的比例混合，搅拌均匀后加入适量的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维，以500-600转/分的速度搅拌至完全分散均匀，然后将其放入马弗炉中在300-350℃下焙烧30-40分钟，冷却后取出与适量浓度为10wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液混合搅拌捏合，得到橡皮泥状物；
（4）将上述橡皮泥状物过40-50目筛进行造粒，得到陶瓷颗粒，将陶瓷颗粒加入到模具钢制成的模具中，20-22MPa下单向加压，保压60-90秒，得到预压陶瓷生坯，然后将预压陶瓷生坯装袋抽真空密封，用冷等静压机控制一定压力等静压成型一定时间，最后将成型后的陶瓷生坯放入真空干燥箱中，以70-80℃干燥6-8小时，得到烘干的陶瓷生坯；
（5）将上述烘干后的陶瓷生坯装入热压烧结炉中，以一定的升温速率升温至1500-1600℃，控压20-22MPa，恒温烧结30-40分钟，关闭电源后自然冷却至室温，取出，研磨、抛光即可。
所述的一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，步骤（1）中所述的硝酸溶液是指浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液，且与异丙醇的质量比为1:15；所述的异丙醇与去离子水的质量比为1:20。
一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，步骤（2）中所述的钛酸四丁酯乙醇溶液与浓度为40wt%的二乙醇胺溶液的添加量为2:1。
一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，步骤（3）中所述的胶体A与胶体B的配比为4:1；所述的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维的添加量是混合胶体的0.5%；所述的浓度为10wt%的甲基纤维素的添加量是焙烧后产物的20-30%。
一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，步骤（3）中所述的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维的具体操作为：将短切碳纤维浸泡在浓度为20wt%的盐酸溶液中30-40分钟，过滤取出后用去离子水清洗1-2次后烘干。
一种石墨烯增强热导率的碳化硅陶瓷锅的制备方法，步骤（4）中所述的等静压成型一定时间具体是指压力为2200MPa，保压时间5-6分钟。
一种石墨烯增强热导率的碳化硅陶瓷锅的制备方法，步骤（5）中所述的一定的升温速率是指以30-50℃/min的升温速率。
本发明的优点是：本发明采用溶胶凝胶的方法分别制备了氧化铝的前驱体以及纳米二氧化钛胶体，然后将二者混合后加入适量的酸洗后短切碳纤维，酸洗后的短切碳纤维比表面积增大，混合凝胶在碳纤维表面形成一层溶胶，能够使短切碳纤维均匀分散在混合胶体中，改善易团聚、分散不均的现象；通过焙烧得到碳纤维均匀分散的氧化铝二氧化钛混合体，提高了混合体的强度以及韧性；然后通过等静压成型的方式制成氧化铝陶瓷生坯，这种方式制成的制成的生坯密度大，均匀性好、强度大，经过简单干燥即可烧结，最后通过热压烧结得到陶瓷坯体，节约了能耗，提高了工作效率。
本发明的制造工艺通过利用溶胶凝胶法生成纳米二氧化钛以及添加短切碳纤维来增加氧化铝陶瓷的韧性，改善了传统氧化铝陶瓷韧性及强度差、脆性高的缺点，高温加压烧结过程中纳米二氧化钛的晶粒粒径控制在纳米的尺寸，这也就容易保持良好的强度、低温韧性、低温塑性等性能，从而使得复合改性后的氧化铝陶瓷具有高强度、高韧性；本发明原料简单易得，工艺便于工业控制，解决了日用陶瓷任性差、易开裂的缺点。
具体实施方式
一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，包括以下具体步骤：
（1）在80℃的水浴条件下加入30g异丙醇铝以及600ml的去离子水，充分搅拌至完全溶解，以300转/份的速度搅拌3小时后降速至100转/分，加入2g的浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液，保温陈化3小时后得到胶体A待用；
（2）将34g钛酸四丁酯加入到68ml的无水乙醇中，强烈搅拌30分钟形成溶液钛酸四丁酯乙醇溶液，然后缓慢滴加入到52ml浓度为40wt%的二乙醇胺溶液中，强烈搅拌2小时后静置陈化7小时，得到胶体B；
（3）将胶体A与胶体B混合，搅拌均匀后加入4g的经浓度为20wt%的盐酸溶液酸洗烘干后的短切碳纤维，以500转/分的速度搅拌至完全分散均匀，然后将其放入马弗炉中在300℃下焙烧30分钟，冷却后取出与10ml浓度为10wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液混合搅拌捏合，得到橡皮泥状物；
（4）将上述橡皮泥状物过40目筛进行造粒，得到陶瓷颗粒，将陶瓷颗粒加入到模具钢制成的模具中，20MPa下单向加压，保压60秒，得到预压陶瓷生坯，然后将预压陶瓷生坯装袋抽真空密封，用冷等静压机控制压力为2200MPa，保压时间5分钟等静压成型，最后将成型后的陶瓷生坯放入真空干燥箱中，以70℃干燥6小时，得到烘干的陶瓷生坯；
（5）将上述烘干后的陶瓷生坯装入热压烧结炉中，以30℃/min的升温速率升温至1500℃，控压20MPa，恒温烧结30分钟，关闭电源后自然冷却至室温，取出，研磨、抛光即可。

Claims (7)

1.一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
（1）在80-90℃的水浴条件下加入异丙醇铝以及适量的去离子水，充分搅拌至完全溶解，以300-400转/份的速度搅拌3-4小时后降速至100-120转/分，加入适量的硝酸溶液，保温陈化3-4小时后得到胶体A待用；
（2）将钛酸四丁酯加入到1.5-2倍量的无水乙醇中，强烈搅拌30-40分钟形成溶液钛酸四丁酯乙醇溶液，然后缓慢滴加入到浓度为40wt%的二乙醇胺溶液中，强烈搅拌2-3小时后静置陈化7-8小时，得到胶体B；
（3）将胶体A与胶体B按照一定的比例混合，搅拌均匀后加入适量的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维，以500-600转/分的速度搅拌至完全分散均匀，然后将其放入马弗炉中在300-350℃下焙烧30-40分钟，冷却后取出与适量浓度为10wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液混合搅拌捏合，得到橡皮泥状物；
（4）将上述橡皮泥状物过40-50目筛进行造粒，得到陶瓷颗粒，将陶瓷颗粒加入到模具钢制成的模具中，20-22MPa下单向加压，保压60-90秒，得到预压陶瓷生坯，然后将预压陶瓷生坯装袋抽真空密封，用冷等静压机控制一定压力等静压成型一定时间，最后将成型后的陶瓷生坯放入真空干燥箱中，以70-80℃干燥6-8小时，得到烘干的陶瓷生坯；
（5）将上述烘干后的陶瓷生坯装入热压烧结炉中，以一定的升温速率升温至1500-1600℃，控压20-22MPa，恒温烧结30-40分钟，关闭电源后自然冷却至室温，取出，研磨、抛光即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的硝酸溶液是指浓度为10wt%的硝酸溶液，且与异丙醇的质量比为1:15；所述的异丙醇与去离子水的质量比为1:20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述的钛酸四丁酯乙醇溶液与浓度为40wt%的二乙醇胺溶液的添加量为2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的胶体A与胶体B的配比为4:1；所述的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维的添加量是混合胶体的5%；所述的浓度为10wt%的甲基纤维素的添加量是焙烧后产物的20-30%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种增韧改性氧化铝日用陶瓷的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的经酸洗后的短切碳纤维的具体操作为：将短切碳纤维浸泡在浓度为20wt%的盐酸溶液中30-40分钟，过滤取出后用去离子水清洗1-2次后烘干。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯增强热导率的碳化硅陶瓷锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中所述的等静压成型一定时间具体是指压力为2200MPa，保压时间5-6分钟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯增强热导率的碳化硅陶瓷锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中所述的一定的升温速率是指以30-50℃/min的升温速率。
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