CN107405992B - 用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成 - Google Patents

用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成 Download PDF

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CN107405992B
CN107405992B CN201680014453.7A CN201680014453A CN107405992B CN 107405992 B CN107405992 B CN 107405992B CN 201680014453 A CN201680014453 A CN 201680014453A CN 107405992 B CN107405992 B CN 107405992B
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bellows
power assembly
driven
initiating element
driven shaft
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CN107405992A (zh
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U·奥内穆斯
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/72—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members with axially-spaced attachments to the coupling parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/005—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive incorporating leaf springs, flexible parts of reduced thickness or the like acting as pivots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
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    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力总成，所述动力总成包括至少一个具有从动轴(3)的内燃机(1)，包括至少一个能被从动轴驱动的起动元件(6)以及包括经由所述起动元件能被从动轴驱动的变速器(5)，设有至少一个波纹管(8)，经由所述波纹管，起动元件能被从动轴驱动，驱动装置(7)包括与从动轴不可相对转动地连接的第一轮毂部件(9)和经由所述至少一个波纹管与第一轮毂部件连接的第二轮毂部件(10)，起动元件经由各轮毂部件(9、10)和波纹管能被从动轴驱动，并且设有构成为与起动元件分离的并与轮毂部件分离的适配轴(16)，所述适配轴不可相对转动地与起动元件耦联并且不可相对转动地与第二轮毂部件耦联。

Description

用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成。
背景技术
这种用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成由一般的现有技术并且尤其由量产车制造业充分已知。这样的动力总成包括至少一个具有从动轴的内燃机。该内燃机经由从动轴提供例如扭矩，通过所述扭矩可驱动机动车。内燃机例如构成为往复活塞式内燃机，其中，从动轴是该内燃机的曲轴。
此外，动力总成包括可被从动轴驱动的起动元件以及经由起动元件可被从动轴驱动的变速器。起动元件例如是离合器、尤其是湿式或干式离合器，或者也可以是变矩器、尤其例如可构造成三齿防转式(Trilock)变矩器的液力变矩器。变速器例如可构成为手动变速器、尤其是手动挡变速器，构成为自动化的变速器或者构成为自动变速器，其中，自动变速器例如是基于行星齿轮传动机构的。此外，变速器可构成为双离合器变速器、无级变速器或者另外的变速器。
通常，从动轴能围绕转动轴线相对于壳体转动地支承在内燃机的壳体上。为此设有轴承，在曲轴的情况下这些轴承也被称为主轴承。通常沿从动轴的轴向方向依次地或者说一个接一个地布置这些主轴承，其中，沿从动轴的轴向方向布置成最接近起动元件的主轴承通常称为最后的主轴承。尤其在所述最后的主轴承的区域内通常可产生从动轴的高负载。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务在于，这样进一步改进开头所述型式的驱动装置，使得可使作用在从动轴上的负载特别低。
该任务按照本发明通过一种具有如下所述特征的动力总成来解决。
按照本发明的动力总成的特征在于：所述动力总成包括至少一个具有从动轴的内燃机，包括至少一个能被从动轴驱动的起动元件以及包括经由所述起动元件能被从动轴驱动的变速器，设有至少一个波纹管，经由该波纹管，起动元件可被从动轴驱动，驱动装置包括与从动轴不可相对转动地连接的第一轮毂部件和经由所述至少一个波纹管与第一轮毂部件连接的第二轮毂部件，其中，起动元件经由各轮毂部件和波纹管能被从动轴驱动，并且设有构成为与起动元件分离的并与轮毂部件分离的适配轴，所述适配轴不可相对转动地与起动元件耦联并且不可相对转动地与第二轮毂部件耦联。这样的波纹管以风箱的型式构成，因为该波纹管具有多个沿轴向方向布置成互相重叠的壁或者说壁区域，使得该波纹管可以例如以手风琴的型式被拉开并且由此被延长，接着再次被压紧或者被缩短，而波纹管由此不被损坏或者不塑性变形。本发明所基于的观点为：可使波纹管作为补偿联轴器使用，经由该补偿联轴器，起动元件与从动轴耦联或者可与从动轴耦联，使得扭矩可经由波纹管在起动元件与从动轴之间传递。尤其当在内燃机、起动元件和变速器之间布置有或应布置有例如同轴的或者说设置成同轴于驱动轴的电机时，通过使用波纹管可使在内燃机运行期间作用在从动轴上的负载特别低。
同时可以经由起波纹管联轴器作用的波纹管将由内燃机经由从动轴提供的扭矩例如至少基本上未被过滤地并且尽可能扭转刚性地传递到起动元件、尤其是起动元件的输入侧上，以便由此驱动起动元件。此外，通过使用波纹管可以补偿起动元件至从动轴的轴向和径向的位移或倾斜位置，使得可避免从动轴的过度负载。尤其当起动元件离从动轴具有大的轴向距离时，上述情况也是可能的。
为了使作用在从动轴上的负载特别低并且同时实现在起动元件与从动轴之间特别有效的和高效的扭矩传递，在本发明的一种有利的实施方式中规定：波纹管由金属材料形成。换言之，优选地规定：波纹管构成为金属波纹管。因此，波纹管例如按照风箱的型式构成，但是波纹管不是由橡胶或弹性体制成，而是由金属材料制成。波纹管便作为金属波纹管联轴器起作用，使得可特别好地传递扭矩。
在本发明的另一种构造方案中设有与内燃机不同的驱动装置，借助该驱动装置可驱动起动元件(尤其经由所述至少一个波纹管)和从动轴。驱动装置例如为起动器，借助该起动器在驱动从动轴的情况下可开动、也就是说可起动内燃机。尤其在使用这样的驱动装置时，在从动轴与起动元件之间的沿从动轴轴向延伸的距离特别大，其中，由于该大的距离通常可能产生突出的重量，并且由于从动轴的可能的倾斜位置、尤其在其最后的主轴承的区域内可能产生偏心率，该偏心率可在转速下导致并非轻微的横向力。现在即使在使用驱动装置的情况下借助波纹管也可避免该过度的横向力以及由此产生的过度的负载。
驱动装置例如为尤其可布置成同轴于从动轴的电机。在此，从动轴和电机的相应的轴向方向沿车辆纵向方向延伸。电机在此例如为曲轴-起动器-发电机，借助该曲轴-起动器-发电机可驱动从动轴，并且该曲轴-起动器-发动机可被从动轴驱动。此外，也可想到一种驱动装置，该驱动装置经由作为圆柱齿轮的横向传动装置或例如包绕式传动装置通过皮带或齿链允许电机的与从动轴或曲轴轴线平行的位置。除了所述驱动装置之外，也可涉及任意的辅助机组例如制冷剂压缩机。
另一种有利的实施方式规定：驱动装置包括与从动轴不可相对转动地并且优选刚性地连接的第一轮毂部件和经由所述至少一个波纹管与第一轮毂部件连接的第二轮毂部件，其中，起动元件经由这些轮毂部件和波纹管可被从动轴驱动。在此，第二轮毂部件例如与起动元件耦联、尤其不可相对转动地与起动元件连接。经由波纹管，这些轮毂部件互相分离，使得在实现有效且高效的扭矩传递的同时可特别好地补偿倾斜位置。
当在本发明的另一种实施方式中第二轮毂部件和起动元件经由该第二轮毂部件能相对于壳体部件转动地支承在壳体部件上时，可使作用在从动轴上的负载特别低。壳体部件例如为内燃机或者驱动装置的壳体，其中，第二轮毂部件和起动元件经由该第二轮毂部件因而以及变速器至少沿径向方向支承在壳体部件上并且因此得到支撑。由此，负载、也就是说尤其是力可从起动元件和第二轮毂部件传递到壳体部件上并且因此支撑在壳体部件上，使得尽管离从动轴或者从动轴的轴承可能有大的杠杆力臂长度，仍然可避免从动轴的过度负载。换言之，通过起动元件和变速器支承在壳体部件上，在变速器方面建立起动元件的因而以及变速器的支承，使得尽管使用驱动装置也不产生从动轴及其轴承的附加的过度负载。
在本发明的另一种构造方案中设有与起动元件分离地并且与轮毂部件分离地构成的或者说相对于起动元件和轮毂部件附加设置的适配轴，该适配轴不可相对转动地与起动元件耦联并且不可相对转动地与第二轮毂部件耦联。由此，在同时实现有效的且高效的扭矩传递的情况下，能完成可简单地并且有利地装配动力总成，其中，同时可使作用在从动轴上的负载特别低。在此表明特别有利的是，适配轴与第二轮毂部件形锁合地、尤其经由各自的齿部不可相对转动地互相耦联。例如，所述适配器经由可拆卸的、尤其可无损拆卸的形锁合的轴毂-连接(WNV)而与第二轮毂部件耦联。
此外，为了使结构空间需求特别小，第二轮毂部件至少部分地容纳在适配轴内。由此，例如同样可以使在起动元件与从动轴之间的沿轴向方向延伸的距离小，从而可使得在起动元件与从动轴之间的杠杆力臂长度和由此可能产生的作用在从动轴上的负载特别小。
另一种有利的实施方式规定：第一轮毂部件借助至少一个第一螺纹连接结构与从动轴连接，而适配轴借助至少一个第二螺纹连接结构与起动元件不可相对转动地连接，其中，各螺纹连接结构布置成彼此同轴的。由此，可在同时实现有效的且高效的扭矩传递的情况下使作用在从动轴上的负载特别小。
为了使作用在从动轴上的负载特别小，在另一种实施方式中规定：第二轮毂部件经由第二波纹管与不同于波纹管和轮毂部件的、优选固有刚性的中间元件连接，该中间元件经由第一波纹管与第一轮毂部件连接。两波纹管提高了从初级轮毂(第一轮毂部件)到次级轮毂(第二轮毂部件)的径向和轴向位移以及倾斜位置的可能性，而不影响扭矩传递能力。
在此，为了使结构空间需求特别小，优选地规定：其中一个波纹管的至少一个长度区域沿径向方向向外被另一波纹管覆盖。换言之，优选地规定：所述一个波纹管至少部分地容纳在所述另一波纹管内。
优选地，起动元件具有用于衰减从动轴的转动不均匀性的飞轮或扭转减振器和/或具有离合器和/或变扭器。扭转减振器在此可具有双质量飞轮。备选地或附加地可想到：扭转减振器具有扭转弹簧、例如弧形减振弹簧和/或外置和内置的离心配重和/或另外的用来衰减从动轴的转动不均匀性的元件。
此外已表明有利的是，驱动装置构成为电机、尤其是内转子电机或外转子电机。驱动装置例如为起动器发电机，借助该起动器发电机在驱动并且因而转动从动轴的情况下可开动、也就是说可激活或者说可起动内燃机。此外，驱动装置可构成为具有有利的扭矩容量的外转子电机。
最后，另一种实施方式规定：驱动装置是相对于至少一个布置成轴线平行于从动轴、尤其曲轴的辅助机组的横向动力装置。在此，横向动力装置可例如构成为圆柱齿轮动力装置或包绕式动力装置。换言之，驱动装置可构成为相对于一个或多个布置成轴线平行于从动轴的辅助机组的横向动力装置。这种辅助机组例如指冷却剂压缩机或电机、尤其是轴线平行的电机或者指另外的机器。
具有按照本发明的驱动装置的机动车、尤其是轿车也属于本发明。按照本发明的驱动装置的有利的构造方案在此可被认为是按照本发明的机动车的有利的构造方案，并且反之亦然。
附图说明
本发明的进一步细节由借助附图对优选实施例的以下说明得到。附图如下：
图1局部地示出用于机动车的动力总成的第一实施方式的示意性纵剖视图，该动力总成包括具有从动轴的内燃机、包括可被从动轴驱动的起动元件以及包括经由起动元件可被从动轴驱动的变速器，其中设有至少一个波纹管，起动元件经由该波纹管可被从动轴驱动；
图2局部地示出动力总成的第二实施方式的纵剖视图；以及
图3局部地示出动力总成的第三实施方式的纵剖视图。
在附图中，相同的或相同功能的元件设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性的纵剖视图局部地示出用于机动车、尤其是轿车的动力总成。该动力总成包括在图1中可局部看出的并且整体用1标记的内燃机，该内燃机当前构成为往复活塞式内燃机。图1在此示出按照第一实施方式的动力总成。借助内燃机1，机动车的至少一个车桥的至少两个车轮可被驱动，其中，机动车在当前包括至少两个沿车辆纵向相继布置的分别具有至少两个车轮的车桥。内燃机1具有在图1中只可局部看出的曲轴箱2以及在图1中可局部看出的以曲轴3形式的从动轴，该曲轴能围绕转动轴线4相对于曲轴箱2转动地支承在曲轴箱2上。此外，内燃机1具有多个气缸形式的燃烧室，各一个活塞能平移运动地容纳在这些气缸中。这些活塞经由相应的连杆与曲轴1铰接连接，使得活塞的平移运动转化为曲轴3的旋转运动。曲轴3在此经由相应的轴承支承在曲轴箱2上，其中，这些轴承也称为主轴承并且沿曲轴3的轴向方向依次地或者说一个接一个地布置。内燃机1经由曲轴3提供扭矩，借助该扭矩共同驱动车轮因而以及机动车。
此外，动力总成包括在图1中只很示意性地示出的变速器5，使用该变速器以使曲轴2或者内燃机1的转速匹配于速度，以便由此使例如内燃机1在有利的功率范围内工作。换言之，变速器5是用于转变内燃机1特性的装置。变速器5可例如构成为手动变速器、尤其是手动挡变速器，自动化的变速器，自动变速器、尤其是基于行星齿轮传动机构的自动变速器，双离合器变速器，无级变速器或其他变速器。
此外，动力总成包括能被曲轴3驱动的起动元件6，其中，变速器5经由该起动元件6可被曲轴3(从动轴)驱动。起动元件6包括例如飞轮、尤其是双质量飞轮(ZMS)。此外，起动元件6可具有扭转减振器、尤其是双质量飞轮，其中，借助扭转减振器衰减曲轴3的转动不均匀性和振动。扭转减振器也称为DU系统，因为借助扭转减振器可衰减从动轴的转动不均匀性(DU)。此外，起动元件6可包括尤其是液力变矩器或离合器、尤其是双离合器变速器的离合器。
此外，动力总成包括与内燃机1、与起动元件6和与变速器5不同的以整体用7标记的电机形式的驱动装置，该电机当前构成为起动器发电机。起动器发电机也称为曲轴-起动器-发电机(KSG)，并且包括在图1中不可看出的壳体以及在图1中不可看出的定子，其中，曲轴3、变速器5和起动元件6布置成彼此同轴的并且在此能围绕转动轴线4相对于壳体因而以及相对于起动器发电机的定子转动。即起动器发电机的定子是固定在壳体上的。变速器5例如包括变速器壳体，其中，起动器发电机的壳体是例如沿轴向方向布置在曲轴箱2与变速器壳体之间的中间壳体。
此外，起动器发电机包括能围绕转动轴线4相对于定子转动的转子。电机7在此构成为内转子电机或者说内转子马达，使得转子沿径向方向至少部分地布置在定子内部。转子在此可被定子驱动。然而上述和下述的实施方案也可毫无问题地转用于外转子机器或者说外转子电机，在这些外转子机器或者说外转子电机中转子布置在定子外部。
沿曲轴3的轴向方向布置成最接近于起动元件6并且因而最接近于起动器发动机的那个主轴承也称为最后的主轴承。为了现在使作用在曲轴3上尤其是在所述最后的主轴承的区域内的负载特别低，按照第一实施方式的动力总成包括波纹管8，经由该波纹管，起动元件6可被曲轴3驱动。在当前，波纹管8由金属材料形成，使得波纹管8构成为金属波纹管。金属波纹管起金属波纹管联轴器或者补偿联轴器的作用，借助该金属波纹管联轴器或者补偿联轴器可补偿起动元件6至曲轴3的轴向和径向的位移或倾斜位置。此外，波纹管8能实现有效地并且高效地传递扭矩，使得可特别有效地并且高效地在起动元件6或者变速器5与曲轴3之间传递扭矩。
在起动器发动机与曲轴3之间的转动刚性的连接能实现起动器发电机本身具有经由相应反相地产生扭矩来衰减或者说减小曲轴3的扭转振动的可能性。即使其不在所有运行范围内有能量应该是有意义的，也由此存在辅助DU系统、也就是说起动元件6的扭转减振器的可能性。
起动器发电机(电机7)的转子包括与曲轴3不可相对转动地并且当前刚性地连接的固有刚硬的以初级轮毂9形式的第一轮毂部件以及经由波纹管8与第一轮毂部件(初级轮毂9)连接的以次级轮毂10形式的同样构成为固有刚硬的第二轮毂部件。因此，起动元件6和变速器5可经由轮毂部件(初级轮毂9和次级轮毂10)和波纹管8被驱动，因为次级轮毂10经由波纹管8尤其不可相对转动地与初级轮毂9连接或者说耦联。此外，转子包括不可相对转动地与初级轮毂9和曲轴3连接的转子轮毂11。由图1可看出，初级轮毂9和转子轮毂11用法兰连接在曲轴3上。在此，初级轮毂9和转子轮毂11借助螺纹连接结构而与曲轴3不可相对转动地连接，其中，在图1中可看出这些螺纹连接结构之中的一个用12标记的螺纹连接结构。螺纹连接结构12包括在图1中通过虚线示出的螺钉13以及初级轮毂9的、转子轮毂11的和曲轴3的相对应的并且例如构成为通孔的螺纹孔14。例如，初级轮毂9和转子轮毂11借助也称为第一螺纹连接结构的螺纹连接结构力锁合地与曲轴3连接。在图1中可局部地看出电机7的轴承盖15。轴承盖15是中间壳体的壳体部件、也就是说电机7的壳体部件，其中，次级轮毂10能围绕转动轴线4相对于轴承盖15转动地至少间接地支承在轴承盖15上。在此，驱动装置包括构成为与起动元件6分离的并且与轮毂部件分离的适配轴16，该适配轴不可相对转动地与起动元件6连接并且不可相对转动地与次级轮毂10连接。
为此，次级轮毂10和适配轴16具有各自的处于相互啮合的齿部17。因此，这些齿部17形锁合地配合作用，从而适配轴16不可相对转动地与次级轮毂10连接或者说耦联。这意味着，可在次级轮毂10与适配轴16之间传递扭矩。适配轴16借助第二螺纹连接结构不可相对转动地与起动元件6连接，使得也可在起动元件6与适配轴16之间传递扭矩。在图1中可看出这些第二螺纹连接结构之中的一个用18标记的螺纹连接结构，其中，第二螺纹连接结构18包括在图1中通过虚线标明的螺钉20以及例如起动元件6的和适配轴16的螺纹孔。第一螺纹连接结构或其螺纹孔形成具有第一直径的第一多孔圆，第二螺纹连接结构或其螺纹孔形成具有第二直径的第二多孔圆。优选地，第一多孔圆与第二多孔圆相符或者说第一直径与第二直径相符，使得螺纹连接结构12布置成同轴于螺纹连接结构18(如由图1能看出的)。
用于由从曲轴3向适配轴16进行传递的该法兰图也有如下优点：对于具有或者没有起动器发电机或辅助机组-横向传动装置的动力总成来说不改变用于起动元件6的连接尺寸。用于起动元件6的相应的组合部件因此仍然保持。
次级轮毂10例如在适配轴16的促成(Vermittlung)下能围绕转动轴线4相对于轴承盖15转动地沿径向方向支承在轴承盖15上。轴承盖15在此优选对中地装配在中间壳体上。为了使适配轴16支承在轴承盖15上，设有沿轴向方向依次地或者说一个接一个地布置的轴承21和22。轴承21和22当前构成为滚动轴承、尤其是滚珠轴承，其中，轴承21构成为浮动轴承，而轴承22构成为固定轴承。转子轮毂11或次级轮毂10具有装配孔23，使得可实现特别简单地装配动力总成。
由图1可看出，适配轴16至少在一个长度区域内构成为空心轴，其中，次级轮毂10至少部分地布置在该纵向区域内。换言之，次级轮毂10的至少一个长度区域容纳在适配轴16内，使得适配轴至少部分地布置在次级轮毂10上。
为了使适配轴16沿轴向方向固定在次级轮毂10上，使用轴螺母24形式的螺母以及沿轴向方向布置在轴螺母24与次级轮毂10之间的垫片25，其中，适配轴16在垫片25的促成下借助轴螺母24沿轴向方向张紧靠到次级轮毂10上。为此，轴螺母24拧到并且拧紧到次级轮毂10上、尤其是到次级轮毂10的相对应的螺纹上。此外，设有对中环28，例如在装配垫片25之后将该对中环压入。借助对中环28，例如适配轴16相对于起动元件6或者变速器5对中。
总之，由图1可看出，曲轴3可被电机7驱动、尤其可在电机7的发动机运行中被驱动，由此可开动或者说可起动、即可激活内燃机1。为了起动该内燃机1，扭矩从电机7传递到曲轴3上。此外可想到，使电机7在发电机运行中运行，在该发电机运行中电机7或其转子被曲轴3驱动。在此，扭矩从曲轴3传递到转子上，使得由曲轴3提供的机械能可借助电机7转化为电能并且例如可储存在电池中。
通过使用起动器发电机，起动元件6离曲轴3具有相对大的轴向距离。尽管有所述大的距离和由此引起的大的杠杆力臂长度，仍然可避免曲轴3的过度负载，因为通过金属波纹管构建了金属波纹管联轴器形式的补偿联轴器。此外，变速器5连同例如具有扭转减振系统的起动元件6支承在轴承盖15上，使得设有变速器5连同起动元件6的分离的支承。经由金属波纹管联轴器，全部的未过滤的扭矩可尽可能转动刚性地传递到起动元件6、尤其是起动元件的输入侧上。当前，转子轮毂11和初级轮毂9构成为相互分离构造的并且互相连接的、尤其不可相对转动地连接的构件。例如可想到，转子轮毂11和初级轮毂9构成为相互成一体的。在第一实施方式中刚好设有一个波纹管，起动元件6经由该波纹管与曲轴3耦联。由此形成简单的金属波纹管联轴器。
图2以示意性的纵剖视图示出动力总成的第二实施方式，其中，设有双波纹管联轴器或者双金属波纹管联轴器作为补偿联轴器。在第二实施方式中设有构成为金属波纹管的波纹管8作为初级波纹管以及设有第二波纹管26作为次级波纹管。次级波纹管也由金属材料制成并且因而构成为金属波纹管。此外，在第二实施方式中设有固有刚硬的中间元件27，该中间元件与两个波纹管8和26连接。因此，次级轮毂10经由第二波纹管26和中间元件27而与第一波纹管8连接，使得起动元件6经由适配轴16、次级轮毂10、第二波纹管26、中间元件27和第一波纹管8可被曲轴3驱动。
图3示出动力总成的第三实施方式，其结构空间需求可特别低。在第三实施方式中规定：第一波纹管8的至少一个长度区域沿径向方向向外被第二波纹管26覆盖。此外，第一波纹管8的至少一个长度区域沿径向方向向外被中间元件27覆盖，使得第一波纹管8至少部分地容纳在中间元件27和第二波纹管26中。因此在第三实施方式中也形成双金属波纹管联轴器，其结构空间需求可特别低。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 曲轴箱
3 曲轴
4 转动轴线
5 变速器
6 起动元件
7 电机
8 波纹管
9 初级轮毂
10 次级轮毂
11 转子轮毂
12 螺纹连接结构
13 螺钉
14 螺纹孔
15 轴承盖
16 适配轴
17 齿部
18 螺纹连接结构
20 螺钉
21 轴承
22 轴承
23 装配孔
24 轴螺母
25 垫片
26 第二波纹管
27 中间元件
28 对中环

Claims (16)

1.用于机动车的动力总成，所述动力总成包括至少一个具有从动轴(3)的内燃机(1)，包括至少一个能被从动轴(3)驱动的起动元件(6)以及包括经由所述起动元件(6)能被从动轴(3)驱动的变速器(5)，其中，设有至少一个波纹管(8)，经由所述波纹管，起动元件(6)能被从动轴(3)驱动，驱动装置(7)包括与从动轴(3)不可相对转动地连接的第一轮毂部件(9)和经由所述至少一个波纹管(8)与第一轮毂部件(9)连接的第二轮毂部件(10)，其中，起动元件(6)经由各轮毂部件(9、10)和波纹管(8)能被从动轴(3)驱动，其特征在于，设有构成为与起动元件(6)分离的并与轮毂部件(9、10)分离的适配轴(16)，所述适配轴不可相对转动地与起动元件(6)耦联并且不可相对转动地与第二轮毂部件(10)耦联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述波纹管(8)由金属材料形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，设有与内燃机(1)不同的驱动装置(7)，借助所述驱动装置，起动元件(6)和曲轴(3)能被驱动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力总成，其特征在于，借助所述驱动装置(7)，所述起动元件(6)经由所述至少一个波纹管(8)能被驱动。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述第二轮毂部件(10)和所述起动元件(6)经由所述第二轮毂部件能相对于壳体部件(15)转动地支承在该壳体部件上。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述适配轴(16)和第二轮毂部件(10)形锁合地不可相对转动地相互耦联。
7.根据权利要求6所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述适配轴(16)和第二轮毂部件(10)形锁合地经由各自的齿部(17)不可相对转动地相互耦联。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述第二轮毂部件(10)至少部分地容纳在适配轴(16)中。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述第一轮毂部件(9)借助至少一个第一螺纹连接结构(12)而与从动轴(3)不可相对转动地连接，而所述适配轴(16)借助至少一个第二螺纹连接结构(18)而与起动元件(6)不可相对转动地连接，其中，各所述螺纹连接结构(12、18)布置成彼此同轴的。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述第二轮毂部件(10)经由第二波纹管(26)而与不同于波纹管(8、26)和轮毂部件(9、10)的中间元件(27)连接，所述中间元件经由第一波纹管(8)而与第一轮毂部件(9)连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述波纹管(8、26)之一的至少一个长度区域沿径向方向向外被第二波纹管(26)覆盖。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述起动元件(6)具有用于衰减从动轴(3)的转动不均匀性的飞轮或扭转减振器或具有离合器或变矩器。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(7)构成为电机(7)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(7)构成为内转子电机或外转子电机。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(7)是相对于至少一个布置成轴线平行于从动轴(3)的辅助机组的横向动力装置。
16.具有根据权利要求1至15之一所述的动力总成的机动车。
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