CN107389502A - A kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity - Google Patents
A kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389502A CN107389502A CN201710563487.8A CN201710563487A CN107389502A CN 107389502 A CN107389502 A CN 107389502A CN 201710563487 A CN201710563487 A CN 201710563487A CN 107389502 A CN107389502 A CN 107389502A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
- G01N11/06—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture by timing the outflow of a known quantity
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity.This method includes：Establish liquid it is micro-/receive do capillary flow in passage when the length of flow and actual relationship model of time；Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope：The value of unknown parameter is determined, determines the expression formula of the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope；According to the fit slope of the actual capillary flow process of liquid, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined.Using the method or system of the present invention, dynamic viscosity can directly be determined by fit slope, and required amount of liquid is few, and measurement is accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid measure field, more particularly to a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity.
Background technology
Viscosity is one of important physical amount for characterizing liquid property, reflects the ability of liquid resistance to deformation.The standard of viscosity
Really measurement has great significance for fields such as petrochemical industry, medical science, national defence.Existing Viscosity Measurement Methods are mainly capillary
Tube method.Because capillary tube method is simple and practical, therefore the application for being currently based on the measurement apparatus of capillary tube method design is wider.Hair
The principle of tubule method is Ha Gen-Poiseuille's formula, drives liquid to flow through capillary by external pressure, measures capillary both ends
The flow of pressure difference and liquid, and corrected, it is possible to the viscosity of liquid is calculated.It is currently based on capillary tube method measurement viscosity
Device existing for subject matter have：Pressure difference, the accurate measurement of flow are more difficult, measure in addition required for experimental liquid compared with
More (capillary inner diameter is generally mm magnitudes in measurement apparatus, and required experimental liquid is at tens milliliters), but can be provided sometimes
Experimental liquid is very limited (such as blood or some physiological fluid samples are generally tens microlitres), if now still used
Capillary tube method measures, then the measurement result degree of accuracy is very low, in some instances it may even be possible to can not realize the measurement of liquid viscosity, these are all given
The development of capillary tube method e measurement technology brings challenge.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity, liquid is realized by few liquid
The measurement of viscosity, improve the accuracy of measurement.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides following scheme：
A kind of method for measuring liquid viscosity, methods described include：
Establish liquid length of flow and the actual relationship model of time：Its
Middle a and b are the unknown parameter relevant with channel depth, AexpFor the fit slope of reality, l (t) represents the flowing of t liquid
Distance, σ represent surface tension of liquid, θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, η represents hydrodynamic viscosity, h tables
Show channel height；
Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope：
Unknown parameter a and b value is determined, determines the relational model
The actual fit slope flowed according to liquid, determine the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.
Optionally, the value for determining unknown parameter a and b, is specifically included：
The experiment of N groups is correspondingly carried out using liquid known to N kinds, N is the integer more than 1；
According to formulaObtain in the experiment of N groups
The fit slope A of every group of experimentexp；
According to formulaObtain the theory of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groups
Slope ALW；
The fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups are obtained, is obtained：Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=1,2 ... ...
N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical slope corresponding to the experiment of kth group, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Represent kth
Equilibrium contact angle in group experiment between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Represent the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；
The relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, is obtained corresponding to liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), the balance between liquid and conduit wall connects
Feeler θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Determine a and the b value.
Optionally, after the value for determining a and b, in addition to：
Length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of acquisition M group different depthsIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, wherein a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；
Determine between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b
Relation function a=g (b).
A kind of system for measuring liquid viscosity, the system include：
Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module, for establishing the actual relationship of liquid length of flow and time
Model：Wherein a and b is relevant with channel depth
Unknown parameter, AexpFor the fit slope of reality, l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents surface tension of liquid,
θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, η represents hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height；
Hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope relational model determining module, for determining hydrodynamic viscosity and reality
Relational model between fit slope：
Unknown parameter determining module, for determining unknown parameter a and b value, determine the relational model
Dynamic viscosity determining module, for the actual fit slope flowed according to liquid, determine the power of the liquid
Viscosity.
Optionally, the unknown parameter determining module, is specifically included：
Experiment control unit, for correspondingly carrying out the experiment of N groups using liquid known to N kinds, N is the integer more than 1；
Fit slope acquisition module, for according to formulaObtain
Take the fit slope A of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groupsexp；
Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaIt is real to obtain N groups
The theoretical slope A of every group of experiment in testingLW；
Ratio calculation unit, for calculating the fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups
Value, is obtained：Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=
1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical slope corresponding to the experiment of kth group, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)
Represent the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η in the experiment of kth group(k)Represent the reason of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group
By value；
Liquid parameter computing unit, for the relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, obtain every group of experiment
Corresponding to known liquidParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), liquid with it is logical
Equilibrium contact angle θ between road walle(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Unknown parameter determining unit, for determining the value of a and b.
Optionally, the system also includes：
Unknown parameter determining module corresponding to different depth passage, after the value for determining a and b, obtain M groups not
With length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of depth
In unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is integer more than 1, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant is unknown
Parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；
Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b (a,
And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b b).
A kind of device for measuring liquid viscosity, described device include：Power supply, sampling device, micrometer/nanometer passage, temperature control
Device, controller, data acquisition device；
The power supply connects the sampling device；The output end of the sampling device enters with the micrometer/nanometer passage
Mouth connection, the outlet of the micrometer/nanometer passage lead directly to air；
First output end of the controller connects the input of the sampling device；Second output end of the controller
Connect the input of the temperature control device；The micrometer/nanometer passage is located inside the temperature control device；
The data acquisition device is used for flow distance and the time for gathering liquid；
The input of the controller connects the data acquisition device, for what is gathered according to the data acquisition device
Liquid utilizes the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of time away from discrete time
Obtain actual fit slope Aexp, it is additionally operable to combine liquid length of flow and the theoretical relationship of timeUnknown parameter a and b value is determined, determines that hydrodynamic viscosity is intended with actual
Close the relational model between slopeFlowed according to liquid actual
Fit slope, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined, wherein l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents liquid surface
Tension force, η represent hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height, θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, a and b are
The unknown parameter relevant with channel depth.
Optionally, the data acquisition device specifically includes：E groups photoelectric subassembly, timing circuit, the first data processing dress
Put；Wherein E is the integer more than 2；
Every group of photoelectric subassembly includes an optical transmitting set and an optical receiver, the E light transmitting of the E groups photoelectric subassembly
Device is sequentially located at the lower section of the micrometer/nanometer passage, and E optical receiver of the E groups photoelectric subassembly is sequentially located at described micro-
The top of rice/nanochannel, it is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；
E optical receiver of the E groups photoelectric subassembly is connected with the timing circuit；
First data processing equipment is connected with the output end of the timing circuit, for according to the E groups photoelectricity group
Liquid reaches the time of each group of photoelectric subassembly in the distance between part and the micrometer/nanometer passage, obtains the E groups stream of liquid
Move away from discrete time.
Optionally, the data acquisition device specifically includes：F light source, F photoelectric sensor, the second data processing dress
Put；Wherein F is the integer more than 2；
The F light source corresponds with the F photoelectric sensor；The F photoelectric sensor is sequentially located at described
The top of micrometer/nanometer passage, the F light source are sequentially located at the lower section of the micrometer/nanometer passage, with the F photoelectricity
Sensor is oppositely arranged；
Second data processing equipment is connected with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor, for according to the F light
Liquid reaches the time of each photoelectric sensor in the distance between electric transducer and the micrometer/nanometer passage, obtains liquid
The F groups flow distance of body and time.
Optionally, the measurement apparatus also includes：Display device, the input of the display device connect the controller
The 3rd output end, the dynamic viscosity data of the liquid for showing controller output.
According to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technique effect：
Using liquid flow distance in micro-/ nano passage and the relation of time, dynamic viscosity and actual fit slope are determined
Relational model, and then dynamic viscosity can directly be determined by fit slope, and required amount of liquid is few, realizes to examination
The viscosity measurement of the less situation of liquid is tested, improves the degree of accuracy of measurement, while avoids wasting big quantity of fluid.The survey of the present invention
Depth is that the micron even passage of nanometer scale reduce the use of experimental liquid as capillary by amount device, and liquid is in capillary
Pressure-driven flows down into micron/nanochannel group, it is not necessary to external pressurized device, it is not necessary to pressure measurement unit；Simple to operate,
It is easy to carry, measurement is rapid, reliable results.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment
The accompanying drawing needed to use is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can also be according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 3 is the structure drawing of device of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment one；
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, it is below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in figure 1, methods described includes：
Step 101：Establish liquid length of flow and the actual relationship model of time.Establishing actual relationship model is：Wherein a and b is relevant with channel depth unknown
Parameter, i.e. channel depth are different, then a, b value are different, and l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents liquid surface
Power, η represent hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height, θeRepresent the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, θdRepresent liquid
Dynamic contact angle between conduit wall.
For the square-section passage that depth is a width of w of h, can not press Newtonian liquid it is micro-/receive do capillary flow in passage when,
Newton dynamical equation is：
Wherein l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and l ' (t) represents l (t) first derivative, and l " (t) represents l (t)
Second dervative, ρ represent fluid density, σ represent surface tension of liquid, θeRepresent the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η
Hydrodynamic viscosity is represented, h represents channel height, and w represents channel width, and g represents acceleration of gravity.For micrometer/nanometer chi
Passage is spent, the influence of inertia item and gravity item can be ignored, and channel depth is much smaller than channel width in micrometer/nanometer passage
Spend (i.e. h<<W), it can thus be derived that liquid length of flow and the theoretical relationship of time are：Wherein ALWFor theoretical slope,Namely
When liquid determines, what its related parameters was to determine, it can obtain theoretic length of flow using theoretical relationship
With the relation of time, this theoretical relationship is the macroscopic theory model of current prediction capillary flow process, as LW models.For
A certain depth h passage, if the equilibrium contact angle θ between surface tension of liquid σ, liquid and conduit walle, hydrodynamic viscosities il
Liquid flowing during keep constant, then flow distance l (t) withIt is linear, that is to say, that ALWIt is constant.See
Examine the model, if it is known that channel depth h, and relevant parameter it is (flat between surface tension of liquid σ, liquid and conduit wall
Weigh contact angle θe, hydrodynamic viscosities il), it is possible to using the speed of the model prediction liquid in micrometer/nanometer passage, from
And according to experiment Demand Design it is micro-/receive flow control system.Based on the model, a large amount of scholars have carried out experimental study, mainly obtain
Following three points conclusion：1. the qualitative analysis shows, the flow tendency of capillary flow process can be with micrometer/nanometer passage at present
Be predicted with existing macroscopic theory model, that is, flow when flow distance l (t) withIt is linear；2. quantitative analysis results
Show, current macroscopic theory forecast model can not explain experimental phenomena well, and the flowing velocity of liquid is generally low in experiment
In the fit slope (A of theoretical expectation values, i.e. experimental resultexp) ＜ theoretical slopes (ALW)；3. not can determine that is what is former on earth
Because result in the deviation between experiment value and theoretical value.This also just say, current macroscopic theory model can not Accurate Prediction micron/
Capillary flow process in nanochannel, the dynamic viscosity of liquid also can not be just predicted exactly.Therefore, in practical application,
Need to be based on theoretical relationship, establish new model, i.e., the new model of the invention established, the model established based on the present invention,
The dynamic viscosity of liquid can be accurately measured.
Step 102：Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope.According to the reality of step 103
Border relational model, derive the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope：
Step 103：Unknown parameter a and b value is determined, so that it is determined that between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope
Relational modelExpression formula.
Specifically the process of determination unknown parameter is：
The experiment of N groups is correspondingly carried out using liquid known to N kinds, N is the integer more than 1；
According to formulaObtain in the experiment of N groups
The fit slope A of every group of experimentexp；
According to formulaObtain the theory of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groups
Slope ALW；
The fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups are obtained, is obtained：Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=1,2 ... ...
N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical slope corresponding to the experiment of kth group, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Represent kth
Equilibrium contact angle in group experiment between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Represent the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；
The relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, is obtained corresponding to liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), the balance between liquid and conduit wall connects
Feeler θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Determine the value of a and b.
This process be utilize known to each known parameters of liquid (including the dynamic viscosity of liquid is, it is known that hydrodynamic
The theoretical value of viscosity refers to the known-viscosity of known liquid) tested, so that it is determined that unknown-model parameter, determines modelExpression formula, and then can be in the situation of unknown liquid dynamic viscosity
Under, the dynamic viscosity of liquid is determined using the model.
Because a and b is the parameter related to passage, therefore, parameter a and b value are not in the case that channel parameters are constant
Become, that is, the relational model of corresponding actual fit slope and dynamic viscosity
It is fixed.The method of this determination parameter a and b value is more suitable for number of channels less or even at only one, is tested by liquid
Parameter a and b value is obtained, it is fast.
When channel parameters change (channel height h changes), then parameter a and b change, relational modelAlso due to parameter a and b change and change.Therefore, become for passage
The situation of change, channel height h and parameter a and b relation can be drawn by several groups of experiments, then in feelings known to channel height
Under condition, without being tested again by multigroup known liquid to determine parameter a and b value, can directly according to channel height h with
Parameter a and b relation determine parameter a and b value, and corresponding model is then easily determined.It is specific determine channel height h with
The process of parameter a and b relation is：
Length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of acquisition M group different depthsIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；
Determine between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b
Relation function a=g (b).
The method of this determination parameter a and b value be more suitable for number of channels it is more when, it is real that liquid now is carried out to each passage
Test and determine that parameter a and b value needs take a substantial amount of time and liquid, it is less efficient, therefore, pass through the liquid reality of limited individual passage
Test after determining parameter a and b value, determine the relation function of channel depth and parameter a and b, can be directly true according to channel depth
Determine parameter a and b value, so as to directly determine relational model, the time can be greatlyd save, avoid wasting, while it is true to improve model
Fixed efficiency.
Step 104：The dynamic viscosity of liquid is determined according to the fit slope of reality.In the feelings that channel wall and liquid determine
Under condition, what the relevant parameter of liquid was to determine, then utilize model
According to the fit slope of reality, the dynamic viscosity η of liquid can be obtained.
Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in Fig. 2 the system includes：
Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module 201, for establishing the reality of liquid length of flow and time
Relational model：Wherein a and b is and channel depth
Relevant unknown parameter, AexpFor the fit slope of reality, l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents liquid surface
Tension force, η represent hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height, θeRepresent the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, θdRepresent liquid
Dynamic contact angle between body and conduit wall；
Hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope relational model determining module 202, for determine hydrodynamic viscosity with
Relational model between actual fit slope：
Unknown parameter determining module 203, for determining unknown parameter a and b value, determine the relational model
The unknown parameter determining module 203, is specifically included：
Experiment control unit, for correspondingly carrying out the experiment of N groups using liquid known to N kinds；N is the integer more than 1；
Fit slope acquisition module, for according to formula
Obtain the fit slope A of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groupsexp；
Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaIt is real to obtain N groups
The theoretical slope A of every group of experiment in testingLW；
Ratio calculation unit, for calculating the fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups
Value, is obtained：Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=
1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical slope corresponding to the experiment of kth group, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)
Represent the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η in the experiment of kth group(k)Represent the reason of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group
By value；
Liquid parameter computing unit, for the relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, obtain every group of experiment
Corresponding to known liquidParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), liquid with it is logical
Equilibrium contact angle θ between road walle(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Unknown parameter determining unit, for determining the value of a and b.
Dynamic viscosity determining module 204, for the actual fit slope flowed according to liquid, determine the dynamic of the liquid
Power viscosity.
The system also includes：Unknown parameter determining module corresponding to different depth passage, for determining a and b
After value, length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of M group different depths are obtainedIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；
Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b (a,
And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b b).
Fig. 3 is the structure drawing of device of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in figure 3, the measurement apparatus includes：Power supply
301st, sampling device 302, micrometer/nanometer passage 303, temperature control device 304, controller 305, data acquisition device 306, display dress
Put 307.
Power supply 301 connects sampling device 302；
The output end of sampling device 302 is connected with the entrance of micrometer/nanometer passage 303, and micrometer/nanometer passage 303 goes out
The straight-through air of mouth；The input of the first output end connection sampling device 302 of controller 305；Sampling device 302 is an opening
System, manually sample introduction can be selected, can also select by controller 305 control sampling device realize auto injection.
The input of the second output end connection temperature control device 304 of controller 305；Micrometer/nanometer passage 303 is located at temperature control
Inside device；Temperature control device 304 is used for the temperature of the instruction control micrometer/nanometer passage 303 according to controller 305, so as to control
The temperature of internal liquid processed.Because the size of micrometer/nanometer passage 303 is small, it is therefore desirable to amount of liquid it is few, when so it is a small amount of
When liquid enters micrometer/nanometer passage 303, liquid and the abundant contact heat-exchanging of channel wall, fluid temperature understand moment close to passage
Wall surface temperature, fluid temperature can be approximately considered and be equal to wall surface temperature, the purpose of control fluid temperature can be reached.
Data acquisition device 306 is used for flow distance and the time for gathering liquid；Data acquisition device 306 can use two
Kind structure：
(1) Fig. 4 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment one, as shown in figure 4, data acquisition device includes：E groups
Photoelectric subassembly 401, E are integer (the first photoelectric subassembly 10 arranged side by side successively, the second photoelectric subassembly 11, the 3rd light in figure more than 2
Electrical component 12, the 4th photoelectric subassembly 13, the 5th photoelectric subassembly 14, the 6th photoelectric subassembly 15), timing circuit 402, at the first data
Manage device 403；Every group of photoelectric subassembly 401 includes an optical transmitting set 4011 and an optical receiver 4012, the E groups photoelectricity group
E optical transmitting set of part 401 is sequentially located at the lower section of micrometer/nanometer passage 404, and E light of the E groups photoelectric subassembly 401 connects
The top that device 4012 is sequentially located at the micrometer/nanometer passage is received, is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；The E groups photoelectricity
The E optical receiver 4012 of component 401 is connected with the timing circuit 402；First data processing equipment 403 and the meter
When circuit 402 output end connection, for according to the distance between described E groups photoelectric subassembly 401 and the micrometer/nanometer passage
Liquid reaches the time of each group of photoelectric subassembly in 404, obtains E groups flow distance and the time of liquid.It is when it is implemented, adjacent
Two groups of photoelectric subassemblys can be set at a distance of 1 μm -100 μm.In measurement process, liquid flows through micron/receive under capillary force effect
Rice grain pattern road 404, when the liquid end face that first group of photoelectric subassembly 10 is detected in micrometer/nanometer passage 404 is passed through, timing circuit
402 record the time, similarly, the second photoelectric subassembly 11, the 3rd photoelectric subassembly 12, the 4th photoelectric subassembly 13, the 5th photoelectric subassembly
14th, when liquid end face is passed through, timing circuit 402 records the time to the 6th photoelectric subassembly 15 respectively, and data are finally transferred to first
In data processing equipment 403, the first data processing equipment 403 obtains according to record the distance between the time and photoelectric subassembly 401
Multigroup flow distance of liquid and time.
(2) Fig. 5 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment two.As shown in figure 5, data acquisition device includes：F
Light source 501, F photoelectric sensor 502 (photoelectric tube can be used), the second data processing equipment 503；F light source 501 with it is described
F photoelectric sensor 502 corresponds；F is the integer more than 2, and the F photoelectric sensor 502 is sequentially located at micrometer/nanometer
The top of passage 504, F light source 501 are sequentially located at the lower section of the micrometer/nanometer passage 504, with the F photoelectric sensing
Device 502 is oppositely arranged；Second data processing equipment 503 is connected with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor 502, for basis
Liquid reaches each photoelectric sensing in the distance between described F photoelectric sensor 502 and the micrometer/nanometer passage 504
The time of device, obtain F groups flow distance and the time of liquid.During measurement, LED light source 501 is luminous, when liquid flow is out-of-date, blocks
Light, photoelectric tube 502 do not receive optical signal and changed, and this optical signal is changed into electric signal and recorded by system,
At the time of exactly record liquid flows through automatically.
The input connection data acquisition device 306 of controller 305, for the liquid gathered according to data acquisition device 306
Body utilizes the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of time away from discrete time
Obtain actual fit slope Aexp, it is additionally operable to combine liquid length of flow and the theoretical relationship of timeUnknown parameter a and b value is determined, determines that hydrodynamic viscosity is intended with actual
Close the relational model between slopeFlowed according to liquid actual
Fit slope, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined, wherein l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents liquid surface
Tension force, η represent hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height, θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, a and b are
The unknown parameter relevant with channel depth.
Measurement apparatus also includes display device 307, the 3rd output of the input connection controller 305 of display device 307
End, the hydrodynamic viscosity data exported for display controller 305.
To improve measurement efficiency, micrometer/nanometer passage 303 includes the passage of multiple different depths, channel depth at least 5
Kind；To avoid infection, the passage in micrometer/nanometer passage 303 is to be disposable；To improve the degree of accuracy, micrometer/nanometer
Passage is long and straight type.The use of experimental liquid is reduced using the passage that depth is nanometer scale as capillary, passes through capillary pressure
Power driving liquid flowing, saves differential pressure measurement system.Depth is few for amount of liquid needed for the micrometer/nanometer passage of nanometer scale,
1 μ l can be less than；Micrometer/nanometer passage is disposable, is avoided infection, it is not necessary to cleaning device, and passageway machining skill
Art is ripe；Device is simple, and liquid flows down into micron/nanochannel in capillary pressure driving, it is not necessary to external pressurized device, is not required to
Want pressure measurement unit；It is simple to operate, be easy to carry, measurement is rapid, reliable results.
Entirely the measurement process of measurement apparatus is：
For known depth h1、h2、h3、h4、h5Micrometer/nanometer passage 303 for, first by sampling device 302
Micro-injection pump is removed, and draws a kind of simple Newtonian liquid (such as deionized water), micro-injection pump is put into sampling device afterwards
302；
Turn on the power 301 and controller 305, open temperature control device 304, treat its steady operation, sampling device 302 is by the ox
Liquid is sent to the porch of micrometer/nanometer passage 303, liquid in capillary force effect flows down micron/nanochannel 303 one
Individual single channel, data acquisition device 306 measure to the distance of liquid at different moments, with the data acquisition device shown in Fig. 4
Exemplified by, process is as follows：When photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit 402 records moment t1, similarly, photoelectricity group
Part 11,12,13,14,15 record respectively liquid end surface current it is out-of-date at the time of t2、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to first
In data processing equipment 403, the first data processing equipment 403 is according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、
t5、t6, obtain 6 groups of flow distance l and time t data；
Controller 305 receives gathered data (6 groups of streams that first data processing equipment 403 transmits in data acquisition device 306
Dynamic distance l and time t data), fitting obtains and records the experiment slope A of this group of experimental dataexp1、Aexp2、Aexp3、
Aexp4、Aexp5；
Similarly, then class is carried out using other Newtonian liquids (such as isopropanol, ethanol, 70% glycerine, 30% glycerine etc.)
Like experiment, the slope A tested every time is respectively obtainedexp, controller 305 can be according to every kind of depth channel of record (such as including 5
Individual passage, then correspond to 5 kinds of channel depths, can disposably measure the viscosity of 5 kinds of testing liquids) in liquid experiment Aexp/ALWWith
(σ·cosθe/ η) value, experimental data corresponding to each depth channel draws as one group of data in rectangular coordinate system
Aexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) graph of a relation, so as to according to formulaObtain the depth
A, b value of passage.5 groups of a, b values obtained successively, fitting obtain the relation between a, b value and channel depth, and a, b value it
Between relation, we can obtain h=f (a, b) and a=f (b), also just says, for any known depth be h passage (depth
Spend for nanometer scale), it is possible to according to known h=f (a, b) and a=f (b), directly it is calculated corresponding to the depth channel
A, b values, so that it is determined that model corresponding to the depth channel
With reference to fit slope, dynamic viscosity of the liquid in the depth channel is can be obtained by using above formula；
The value for the dynamic viscosity that the real-time display of display device 307 measures.
The present invention is using the device of measurement liquid viscosity, the specific implementation measured according to the method for measurement liquid viscosity
Example 1：
The single pass channel depth h=68nm of some in known micrometer/nanometer passage, during concrete operations, it will enter first
Micro-injection pump in sampling device is removed, and draws ethanol, micro-injection pump is put into sampling device afterwards；
Turn on the power and controller, open temperature control device, treat its steady operation, ethanol is sent to passage group and entered by sampling device
At mouthful, liquid flows into the single channel under capillary force effect, and data acquisition device measures to the distance of liquid at different moments,
Process is as follows：When photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit records moment t1, similarly, liquid end is recorded respectively
T at the time of when surface current crosses photoelectric subassembly 11,12,13,14,152、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to the first data processing
In device, the first data processing equipment can be according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6Obtain 6 groups of streams
Dynamic distance l and time t data；
Controller is fitted to obtain and records the experiment of this group of experimental data according to 6 groups of flow distance l and time t data
Slope Aexp；
Then carry out similar experiment using isopropanol, 70% glycerine, 30% glycerine, 3 kinds of Newtonian fluids respectively, tested
Slope Aexp, controller can be according to the A of every kind of fluid experiment of recordexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) value, in rectangular coordinate system
Draw Aexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) graph of a relation, according to formulaObtain a, b value.From fit line
It can obtain, a=0.86107, b=-0.00983, determine model corresponding to the depth channel
Finally, testing liquid (deionized water) is drawn using micro-injection pump, repeats the above steps, remembered using timing circuit
The lower testing liquid of record utilizes above-mentioned model, you can obtain the viscosity of testing liquid, about in flow distance at different moments
1.008cP, the viscosity number of the value and deionized water in existing documents and materials are basically identical.
The present invention is using the device of measurement liquid viscosity, the specific implementation measured according to the method for measurement liquid viscosity
Example 2：
The single pass channel depth h=116nm of some in known micrometer/nanometer passage, during concrete operations, it will enter first
Micro-injection pump in sampling device is removed, and draws ethanol, micro-injection pump is put into sampling device afterwards；
Turn on the power and controller, open temperature control device, treat its steady operation, ethanol is sent to passage group and entered by sampling device
At mouthful, liquid flows into the single channel under capillary force effect, and data acquisition device measures to the distance of liquid at different moments,
Process is as follows：When photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit records moment t1, similarly, liquid end is recorded respectively
T at the time of when surface current crosses photoelectric subassembly 11,12,13,14,152、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to the first data processing
In device, the first data processing equipment can be according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6Obtain 6 groups of streams
Dynamic distance l and time t data；
Controller is fitted to obtain and records the experiment of this group of experimental data according to 6 groups of flow distance l and time t data
Slope Aexp；
Then carry out similar experiment using isopropanol, 30% glycerine, 2 kinds of Newtonian fluids respectively, obtain testing slope Aexp, control
Device processed can be according to the A of every kind of fluid experiment of recordexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) value, A is drawn in rectangular coordinate systemexp/ALW
With (σ cos θe/ η) graph of a relation, according to formulaObtain a, b value.It can be obtained from fit line, a=
1.0593, b=-0.0097, determine model corresponding to the depth channel
Finally, testing liquid (deionized water) is drawn using micro-injection pump, repeats the above steps, remembered using timing circuit
The lower testing liquid of record utilizes above-mentioned model, you can obtain the viscosity of testing liquid, about in flow distance at different moments
The viscosity number of deionized water is basically identical in 1.010cP, the value and existing documents and materials, and with measurement data in 68nm deep channels
Substantially it coincide.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, what each embodiment stressed be and other
The difference of embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, because it is corresponded to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, related part is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, and above example is said
It is bright to be only intended to help the method and its core concept for understanding the present invention；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, foundation
The thought of the present invention, in specific embodiments and applications there will be changes.In summary, this specification content is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method for measuring liquid viscosity, it is characterised in that methods described includes：Establish liquid length of flow and the actual relationship model of time： Wherein a and b is the unknown parameter relevant with channel depth, AexpFor the fit slope of reality, l (t) represents the stream of t liquid Dynamic distance, σ represent surface tension of liquid, θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, η represents hydrodynamic viscosity, h Represent channel height；Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope：Unknown parameter a and b value is determined, determines the relational modelThe actual fit slope flowed according to liquid, determine the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the value for determining unknown parameter a and b, specifically include：The experiment of N groups is correspondingly carried out using liquid known to N kinds, N is the integer more than 1；According to formulaObtain every group in the experiment of N groups The fit slope A of experimentexp；According to formulaObtain the theoretical slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groups ALW；The fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups are obtained, is obtained： Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical corresponding to the experiment of kth group Slope, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Represent that the balance in the experiment of kth group between liquid and conduit wall connects Feeler, η(k)Represent the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；The relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, is obtained corresponding to liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), the balance between liquid and conduit wall connects Feeler θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；Determine a and the b value.
- 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that after the value for determining a and b, in addition to：Length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of acquisition M group different depthsIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；Determine the pass between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b It is function a=g (b).
- 4. a kind of system for measuring liquid viscosity, it is characterised in that the system includes：Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module, for establishing the actual relationship mould of liquid length of flow and time Type：Wherein a and b is relevant with channel depth Unknown parameter, AexpFor the fit slope of reality, l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents surface tension of liquid, θe The equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, η represents hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height；Hydrodynamic viscosity and actual fit slope relational model determining module, for determining that hydrodynamic viscosity is fitted with actual Relational model between slope：Unknown parameter determining module, for determining unknown parameter a and b value, determine the relational modelDynamic viscosity determining module, for the actual fit slope flowed according to liquid, determine the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.
- 5. system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the unknown parameter determining module, specifically include：Experiment control unit, for correspondingly carrying out the experiment of N groups using liquid known to N kinds；Fit slope acquisition module, for according to formulaObtain Take the fit slope A of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groupsexp；Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaObtain in the experiment of N groups Every group of experiment theoretical slope ALW；Ratio calculation unit, for calculating the fit slope of every group of experiment and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope in the experiment of N groups, obtain Arrive：Wherein Aexp(k)Represent that kth group tests obtained fit slope, k=1, 2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Represent theoretical slope corresponding to the experiment of kth group, σ(k)Represent surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Table Show the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η in the experiment of kth group(k)Represent the theory of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group Value；Liquid parameter computing unit, for the relevant parameter for the known liquid tested according to the N groups, obtain known to every group of experiment Corresponding to liquidParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), liquid and conduit wall Between equilibrium contact angle θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；Unknown parameter determining unit, for determining the value of a and b.
- 6. system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the system also includes：Unknown parameter determining module corresponding to different depth passage, after the value for determining a and b, obtain the different depths of M groups Length of flow and the relational model of time during liquid flowing corresponding to the passage of degree In unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Relevant unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For passage i depth；Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f (a, b) between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b with And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b.
- 7. a kind of device for measuring liquid viscosity, it is characterised in that described device includes：Power supply, sampling device, micrometer/nanometer Passage, temperature control device, controller, data acquisition device；The power supply connects the sampling device；The output end of the sampling device and the entrance of the micrometer/nanometer passage connect Connect, the outlet of the micrometer/nanometer passage leads directly to air；First output end of the controller connects the input of the sampling device；The second output end connection of the controller The input of the temperature control device；The micrometer/nanometer passage is located inside the temperature control device；The data acquisition device is used for flow distance and the time for gathering liquid；The input of the controller connects the data acquisition device, for the liquid gathered according to the data acquisition device Away from discrete time, the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of time are utilizedObtain Obtain actual fit slope Aexp, it is additionally operable to combine liquid length of flow and the theoretical relationship of timeUnknown parameter a and b value is determined, determines that hydrodynamic viscosity is intended with actual Close the relational model between slopeFlowed according to liquid actual Fit slope, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined, wherein l (t) represents the flow distance of t liquid, and σ represents liquid surface Tension force, η represent hydrodynamic viscosity, and h represents channel height, θeThe equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall is represented, a and b are The unknown parameter relevant with channel depth.
- 8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the data acquisition device specifically includes：E group photoelectricity groups Part, timing circuit, the first data processing equipment；Wherein E is the integer more than 2；Every group of photoelectric subassembly includes an optical transmitting set and an optical receiver, E optical transmitting set of the E groups photoelectric subassembly according to It is secondary positioned at the lower section of the micrometer/nanometer passage, E optical receiver of the E groups photoelectric subassembly is sequentially located at the micron/receive The top in rice grain pattern road, it is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；E optical receiver of the E groups photoelectric subassembly is connected with the timing circuit；First data processing equipment is connected with the output end of the timing circuit, for according to the E groups photoelectric subassembly it Between distance and the micrometer/nanometer passage in liquid reach each group of photoelectric subassembly time, obtain liquid E groups flow away from Discrete time.
- 9. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the data acquisition device specifically includes：F light source, F Photoelectric sensor, the second data processing equipment；Wherein F is the integer more than 2；The F light source corresponds with the F photoelectric sensor；The F photoelectric sensor be sequentially located at the micron/ The top of nanochannel, the F light source are sequentially located at the lower section of the micrometer/nanometer passage, with the F photoelectric sensor It is oppositely arranged；Second data processing equipment is connected with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor, for according to the F photoelectric transfer Liquid reaches the time of each photoelectric sensor in the distance between sensor and the micrometer/nanometer passage, obtains the F of liquid Group flow distance and time.
- 10. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the measurement apparatus also includes：Display device, it is described aobvious The input of showing device connects the 3rd output end of the controller, for showing the hydrodynamic viscosity of the controller output Data.
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