CN107389502B - A kind of method and system measuring liquid viscosity - Google Patents
A kind of method and system measuring liquid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389502B CN107389502B CN201710563487.8A CN201710563487A CN107389502B CN 107389502 B CN107389502 B CN 107389502B CN 201710563487 A CN201710563487 A CN 201710563487A CN 107389502 B CN107389502 B CN 107389502B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
- G01N11/06—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture by timing the outflow of a known quantity
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity.This method comprises: establish liquid it is micro-/receive do capillary flow in channel when length of flow and time actual relationship model；Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope:The value for determining unknown parameter determines the expression formula of the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope；According to the fit slope of the practical capillary flow process of liquid, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined.Using method or system of the invention, dynamic viscosity can be directly determined by fit slope, and required amount of liquid is few, measurement is accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid measure fields, more particularly to a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity.
Background technique
Viscosity is to characterize one of the important physical amount of liquid property, reflects the ability of liquid resistance to deformation.The standard of viscosity
Really measurement has great significance for fields such as petrochemical industry, medicine, national defence.Existing Viscosity Measurement Methods are mainly capillary
Tube method.Since capillary tube method is simple and practical, the application range currently based on the measuring device of capillary tube method design is wider.Hair
The principle of tubule method is Ha Gen-Poiseuille's formula, drives liquid to flow through capillary by external pressure, measures capillary both ends
The flow of pressure difference and liquid, and corrected, so that it may the viscosity of liquid is calculated.Viscosity is measured currently based on capillary tube method
Device existing for main problem have: pressure difference, the precise measurement of flow are more difficult, in addition measure required for experimental liquid compared with
More (capillary inner diameter is generally mm magnitude in measuring device, and required experimental liquid is at tens milliliters), but can be provided sometimes
Experimental liquid is very limited (such as blood or certain physiological fluid samples are generally tens microlitres), if still used at this time
Capillary tube method measures, then measurement result accuracy is very low, in some instances it may even be possible to cannot achieve the measurement of liquid viscosity, these are all given
The development of capillary tube method measuring technique brings challenge.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and system for measuring liquid viscosity, realize liquid by few liquid
The measurement of viscosity improves the accuracy of measurement.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A method of measurement liquid viscosity, which comprises
Establish the actual relationship model of liquid length of flow and time:
Wherein a and b is related with channel depth
Unknown parameter, AexpFor actual fit slope, l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates surface tension of liquid, θe
Indicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicates channel height；
Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope:
The value for determining unknown parameter a and b determines the relational model
According to the actual fit slope that liquid flows, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined.
Optionally, the value of the determining unknown parameter a and b, specifically includes:
It is tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind, N is the integer greater than 1；
According to formulaIt obtains in the experiment of N group
The fit slope A of every group of experimentexp；
According to formulaObtain the theory of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group
Slope ALW；
The fit slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope are obtained, is obtained:Wherein Aexp(k)The fit slope that expression kth group is tested, k=1,2 ... ...
N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)Indicate surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Indicate kth
Equilibrium contact angle in group experiment between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Indicate the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；
According to the relevant parameter of the known liquid of N group experiment, it is corresponding to obtain liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), the balance between liquid and conduit wall connects
Feeler θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Determine the value of a and the b.
Optionally, after the value of the determination a and b, further includes:
The relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in the channel of acquisition M group different depthIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, wherein a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
It determines between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b
Relation function a=g (b).
A kind of system measuring liquid viscosity, the system comprises:
Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module, for establishing the actual relationship of liquid length of flow and time
Model:Wherein a and b is related with channel depth
Unknown parameter, AexpFor actual fit slope, l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates surface tension of liquid,
θeIndicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicates channel height；
Hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope relational model determining module, for determining hydrodynamic viscosity and reality
Relational model between fit slope:
Unknown parameter determining module determines the relational model for determining the value of unknown parameter a and b
Dynamic viscosity determining module, the actual fit slope for being flowed according to liquid, determines the power of the liquid
Viscosity.
Optionally, the unknown parameter determining module, specifically includes:
Experiment control unit, for being tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind, N is the integer greater than 1；
Fit slope obtains module, for according to formula
Obtain the fit slope A of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groupexp；
Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaIt is real to obtain N group
The theoretical slope A of every group of experiment in testingLW；
Ratio calculation unit, for calculating the fit slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope
Value, obtains:Wherein Aexp(k)Indicate the fit slope that kth group is tested, k=
1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)Indicate surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)
Indicate the equilibrium contact angle in the experiment of kth group between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Indicate the reason of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group
By value；
Liquid parameter computing unit, the relevant parameter of the known liquid for being tested according to the N group, obtains every group of experiment
Known liquid is correspondingParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), liquid and logical
Equilibrium contact angle θ between road walle(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Unknown parameter determination unit, for determining the value of a and b.
Optionally, the system also includes:
The corresponding unknown parameter determining module in different depth channel, after the value for determining a and b,
The relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in the channel of acquisition M group different depthIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b (a,
And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b b).
A kind of device measuring liquid viscosity, described device includes: power supply, sampling device, micrometer/nanometer channel, temperature control
Device, controller, data acquisition device；
The power supply connects the sampling device；The output end of the sampling device enters with the micrometer/nanometer channel
The outlet of mouth connection, the micrometer/nanometer channel leads directly to atmosphere；
First output end of the controller connects the input terminal of the sampling device；The second output terminal of the controller
Connect the input terminal of the temperature control device；The micrometer/nanometer channel is located inside the temperature control device；
The data acquisition device is used to acquire flow distance and the time of liquid；
The input terminal of the controller connects the data acquisition device, for what is acquired according to the data acquisition device
Liquid utilizes the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of time away from discrete time
Obtain actual fit slope Aexp, it is also used to combine liquid
The theoretical relationship of length of flow and timeDetermine the value of unknown parameter a and b, really
Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope
According to the actual fit slope that liquid flows, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined, wherein l (t) indicates the stream of t moment liquid
Dynamic distance, σ indicate that surface tension of liquid, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, and h indicates channel height, θeIt indicates between liquid and conduit wall
Equilibrium contact angle, a and b are unknown parameter related with channel depth.
Optionally, the data acquisition device specifically includes: E group photoelectric subassembly, timing circuit, the first data processing dress
It sets；Wherein E is the integer greater than 2；
Every group of photoelectric subassembly includes an optical transmitting set and an optical receiver, E light emitting of the E group photoelectric subassembly
Device is sequentially located at the lower section in the micrometer/nanometer channel, and E optical receiver of the E group photoelectric subassembly is sequentially located at described micro-
The top of rice/nanochannel is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；
E optical receiver of the E group photoelectric subassembly is connected with the timing circuit；
First data processing equipment is connect with the output end of the timing circuit, for according to the E group photoelectricity group
Liquid reaches the time of each group of photoelectric subassembly in the distance between part and the micrometer/nanometer channel, obtains the E group stream of liquid
It moves away from discrete time.
Optionally, the data acquisition device specifically includes: F light source, F photoelectric sensor, the second data processing dress
It sets；Wherein F is the integer greater than 2；
The F light source and the F photoelectric sensor correspond；The F photoelectric sensor is sequentially located at described
The top in micrometer/nanometer channel, the F light source are sequentially located at the lower section in the micrometer/nanometer channel, with the F photoelectricity
Sensor is oppositely arranged；
Second data processing equipment is connect with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor, for according to the F light
Liquid reaches the time of each photoelectric sensor in the distance between electric transducer and the micrometer/nanometer channel, obtains liquid
The F group flow distance of body and time.
Optionally, the measuring device further include: the input terminal of display device, the display device connects the controller
Third output end, the dynamic viscosity data of the liquid for showing controller output.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects:
Using the relationship of liquid flow distance and time in micro-/ nano channel, dynamic viscosity and practical fit slope are determined
Relational model, and then dynamic viscosity can be directly determined by fit slope, and required amount of liquid is few, realizes to examination
The viscosity measurement for testing the less situation of liquid, improves the accuracy of measurement, while avoiding wasting big quantity of fluid.Survey of the invention
The use of experimental liquid is reduced in the channel that depth is micron even nanometer scale by amount device as capillary, and liquid is in capillary
Pressure-driven flows down into micron/nanochannel group, does not need external pressurized device, does not need pressure measurement unit；Easy to operate,
Easy to carry, measurement is rapid, result is reliable.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 3 is the structure drawing of device of present invention measurement liquid viscosity；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment one；
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment two.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in Figure 1, which comprises
Step 101: establishing the actual relationship model of liquid length of flow and time.Establish actual relationship model are as follows:Wherein a and b is related with channel depth unknown
Parameter, i.e. channel depth are different, then the value of a, b are different, and l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates liquid surface
Power, η indicate that hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicate channel height, θeIndicate the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, θdIndicate liquid
Dynamic contact angle between conduit wall.
Be the rectangular section channel that h wide is w for depth, can not press Newtonian liquid it is micro-/receive do capillary flow in channel when,
Newton dynamical equation are as follows:
Wherein l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and l ' (t) indicates the first derivative of l (t), and l " (t) indicates the two of l (t)
Order derivative, ρ indicate that fluid density, σ indicate surface tension of liquid, θeIndicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η indicate liquid
Dynamic viscosity, h indicate that channel height, w indicate that channel width, g indicate acceleration of gravity.It, can be with for micrometer/nanometer scale channel
Ignore the influence of inertia item and gravity item, and channel depth is much smaller than channel width (i.e. h < < w) in micrometer/nanometer channel, because
This can derive the theoretical relationship of liquid length of flow and time are as follows:
Wherein ALWFor theoretical slope,Namely when liquid determines, relevant parameters are
Determining, the relationship of theoretic length of flow and time can be obtained using theoretical relationship, this theoretical relationship is current
Predict the macroscopic theory model of capillary flow process, as LW model.For the channel of a certain depth h, if liquid surface
Equilibrium contact angle θ between power σ, liquid and conduit walle, hydrodynamic viscosities il liquid flow during remain unchanged, then flowing
Dynamic distance l (t) withIt is linear, that is to say, that ALWIt is constant.The model is observed, if it is known that channel depth h, with
And relevant parameter (the equilibrium contact angle θ between surface tension of liquid σ, liquid and conduit walle, hydrodynamic viscosities il), so that it may
Using the speed of the model prediction liquid in micrometer/nanometer channel, thus according to experiment Demand Design it is micro-/receive flow control system.
Based on this model, a large amount of scholars have carried out experimental study, and mainly obtained following three points conclusion: 1. the qualitative analysis show
The flow tendency of capillary flow process can be predicted with existing macroscopic theory model in micrometer/nanometer channel at present, that is, be flowed
When dynamic flow distance l (t) withIt is linear；2. quantitative analysis results show that current macroscopic theory prediction model cannot
Experimental phenomena is explained well, and the flowing velocity of liquid is generally lower than theoretical expectation values in experiment, i.e. the fitting of experimental result is oblique
Rate (Aexp) < theoretical slope (ALW)；3. not can determine that be on earth what reason results in inclined between experiment value and theoretical value
Difference.This that is to say, current macroscopic theory model can not capillary flow process in Accurate Prediction micrometer/nanometer channel, also
It can not accurately predict the dynamic viscosity of liquid.Therefore, in practical application, needing to establish new mould based on theoretical relationship
The new model that type, the i.e. present invention are established can accurately measure the dynamic viscosity of liquid based on the model that the present invention establishes.
Step 102: determining the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope.According to step
Rapid 103 actual relationship model, derives the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope:
Step 103: the value of unknown parameter a and b is determined, so that it is determined that between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope
Relational modelExpression formula.
The specific process for determining unknown parameter are as follows:
It is tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind, N is the integer greater than 1；
According to formulaIt obtains in the experiment of N group
The fit slope A of every group of experimentexp；
According to formulaObtain the theory of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group
Slope ALW；
The fit slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope are obtained, is obtained:Wherein Aexp(k)The fit slope that expression kth group is tested, k=1,2 ... ...
N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)Indicate surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Indicate kth
Equilibrium contact angle in group experiment between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Indicate the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；
According to the relevant parameter of the known liquid of N group experiment, it is corresponding to obtain liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), the balance between liquid and conduit wall connects
Feeler θe(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Determine the value of a and b.
This process is that (dynamic viscosity including liquid is it is known that hydrodynamic using each known parameters of known liquid
The theoretical value of viscosity refers to the known-viscosity of known liquid) it is tested, so that it is determined that unknown-model parameter, determines modelExpression formula, and then can be the unknown liquid dynamic viscosity the case where
Under, the dynamic viscosity of liquid is determined using the model.
Since a and b is parameter relevant to channel, the value of parameter a and b are constant in the case that channel parameters are constant
, that is, the relational model of corresponding actual fit slope and dynamic viscosity
It is fixed.This method for determining parameter a and b value be more suitable for number of channels it is few even only one when, tested by liquid
Parameter a and b value is obtained, it is fast.
When channel parameters change (channel height h changes), then parameter a and b change, relational modelAlso due to the variation of parameter a and b and change.Therefore, channel is become
The case where change, can obtain the relationship of channel height h Yu parameter a and b, then the feelings known to channel height by several groups of experiments
Under condition, no longer need to be tested the value to determine parameter a and b by liquid known to multiple groups, can directly according to channel height h with
The relationship of parameter a and b determine the value of parameter a and b, and corresponding model is then easily determined.It is specific determine channel height h with
The process of the relationship of parameter a and b are as follows:
The relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in the channel of acquisition M group different depthIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
It determines between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b
Relation function a=g (b).
This method for determining parameter a and b value be more suitable for number of channels it is more when, it is real that liquid is carried out to each channel at this time
It tests determining parameter a and b value needs take a substantial amount of time and liquid, efficiency is lower, therefore, real by the liquid in limited channel
It tests after determining parameter a and b value, determines the relation function of channel depth Yu parameter a and b, it can be directly true according to channel depth
Determine the value of parameter a and b, to directly determine relational model, the time can be greatlyd save, avoid wasting, while it is true to improve model
Fixed efficiency.
Step 104: the dynamic viscosity of liquid is determined according to actual fit slope.In the feelings that channel wall and liquid determine
Under condition, the relevant parameter of liquid is determining, then utilizing model
According to actual fit slope, the dynamic viscosity η of liquid can be obtained.
Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in Fig. 2, the system comprises:
Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module 201, for establishing the reality of liquid length of flow and time
Relational model:Wherein a and b is and channel depth
Related unknown parameter, AexpFor actual fit slope, l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates liquid surface
Tension, η indicate that hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicate channel height, θeIndicate the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, θdIndicate liquid
Dynamic contact angle between body and conduit wall；
Hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope relational model determining module 202, for determine hydrodynamic viscosity and
Relational model between practical fit slope:
Unknown parameter determining module 203 determines the relational model for determining the value of unknown parameter a and b
The unknown parameter determining module 203, specifically includes:
Experiment control unit, for being tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind；N is the integer greater than 1；
Fit slope obtains module, for according to formula
Obtain the fit slope A of every group of experiment in the experiment of N groupexp；
Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaIt is real to obtain N group
The theoretical slope A of every group of experiment in testingLW；
Ratio calculation unit, for calculating the fit slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope
Value, obtains:Wherein Aexp(k)Indicate the fit slope that kth group is tested, k=
1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)Indicate surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)
Indicate the equilibrium contact angle in the experiment of kth group between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Indicate the reason of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group
By value；
Liquid parameter computing unit, the relevant parameter of the known liquid for being tested according to the N group, obtains every group of experiment
Known liquid is correspondingParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), liquid and logical
Equilibrium contact angle θ between road walle(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；
Unknown parameter determination unit, for determining the value of a and b.
Dynamic viscosity determining module 204, the actual fit slope for being flowed according to liquid determine the dynamic of the liquid
Power viscosity.
The system also includes: the corresponding unknown parameter determining module in different depth channel, for determining the a's and b
After value, the relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in channel of M group different depth is obtainedIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b (a,
And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b b).
Fig. 3 is the structure drawing of device of present invention measurement liquid viscosity.As shown in figure 3, the measuring device includes: power supply
301, sampling device 302, micrometer/nanometer channel 303, temperature control device 304, controller 305, data acquisition device 306, display dress
Set 307.
Power supply 301 connects sampling device 302；
The output end of sampling device 302 is connect with the entrance in micrometer/nanometer channel 303, and micrometer/nanometer channel 303 goes out
The straight-through atmosphere of mouth；The input terminal of the first output end connection sampling device 302 of controller 305；Sampling device 302 is an opening
System, can choose manually sample introduction, also can choose by controller 305 control sampling device realize automatic sampling.
The input terminal of the second output terminal connection temperature control device 304 of controller 305；Micrometer/nanometer channel 303 is located at temperature control
Inside device；Temperature control device 304 is used for the temperature in the instruction control micrometer/nanometer channel 303 according to controller 305, to control
The temperature of internal liquid processed.Since 303 size of micrometer/nanometer channel is small, it is therefore desirable to amount of liquid it is few, when so it is a small amount of
When liquid enters micrometer/nanometer channel 303, liquid and channel wall come into full contact with heat exchange, and fluid temperature understands moment close to channel
Wall surface temperature can be approximately considered fluid temperature equal to wall surface temperature, can achieve the purpose of control fluid temperature.
Data acquisition device 306 is used to acquire flow distance and the time of liquid；Data acquisition device 306 can use two
Kind structure:
(1) Fig. 4 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment one, as shown in figure 4, data acquisition device includes: E group
Photoelectric subassembly 401, E are greater than 2 integer (the first photoelectric subassembly 10 successively arranged side by side, the second photoelectric subassembly 11, third light in figure
Electrical component 12, the 4th photoelectric subassembly 13, the 5th photoelectric subassembly 14, the 6th photoelectric subassembly 15), timing circuit 402, at the first data
Manage device 403；Every group of photoelectric subassembly 401 includes an optical transmitting set 4011 and an optical receiver 4012, the E group photoelectricity group
E optical transmitting set of part 401 is sequentially located at the lower section in micrometer/nanometer channel 404, and E light of the E group photoelectric subassembly 401 connects
The top that device 4012 is sequentially located at the micrometer/nanometer channel is received, is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；The E group photoelectricity
The E optical receiver 4012 of component 401 is connected with the timing circuit 402；First data processing equipment 403 and the meter
When circuit 402 output end connection, for according to the distance between described E group photoelectric subassembly 401 and the micrometer/nanometer channel
Liquid reaches the time of each group of photoelectric subassembly in 404, obtains E group flow distance and the time of liquid.When it is implemented, adjacent
Two groups of photoelectric subassemblys can be set at a distance of 1 μm -100 μm.In measurement process, liquid flows through micron/receive under capillary force effect
Rice grain pattern road 404, when first group of photoelectric subassembly 10 detects that the liquid end face in micrometer/nanometer channel 404 is passed through, timing circuit
402 record the time, similarly, the second photoelectric subassembly 11, third photoelectric subassembly 12, the 4th photoelectric subassembly 13, the 5th photoelectric subassembly
14, the timing circuit 402 when liquid end face is passed through records the time to the 6th photoelectric subassembly 15 respectively, and data are finally transferred to first
In data processing equipment 403, the first data processing equipment 403 is obtained according to record the distance between the time and photoelectric subassembly 401
The multiple groups flow distance of liquid and time.
(2) Fig. 5 is the structure chart of data acquisition device embodiment two.As shown in figure 5, data acquisition device includes: F
Light source 501, F photoelectric sensor 502 (photoelectric tube can be used), the second data processing equipment 503；F light source 501 with it is described
F photoelectric sensor 502 corresponds；F is the integer greater than 2, and the F photoelectric sensor 502 is sequentially located at micrometer/nanometer
The top in channel 504, F light source 501 are sequentially located at the lower section in the micrometer/nanometer channel 504, with the F photoelectric sensing
Device 502 is oppositely arranged；Second data processing equipment 503 is connect with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor 502, is used for basis
Liquid reaches each photoelectric sensing in the distance between described F photoelectric sensor 502 and the micrometer/nanometer channel 504
The time of device obtains F group flow distance and the time of liquid.When measurement, LED light source 501 shines, and when liquid flow is out-of-date, blocks
Light, photoelectric tube 502 do not receive optical signal and change, and this optical signal is changed into electric signal and recorded by system,
At the time of exactly automatically recording liquid and flow through.
The input terminal of controller 305 connects data acquisition device 306, fills for being acquired according to data
The liquid of 306 acquisitions is set away from discrete time, utilizes the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of timeObtain actual fit slope Aexp, it is also used to combine liquid
The theoretical relationship of length of flow and timeDetermine the value of unknown parameter a and b,
Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slopeRoot
According to the actual fit slope that liquid flows, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined, wherein l (t) indicates the flowing of t moment liquid
Distance, σ indicate that surface tension of liquid, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, and h indicates channel height, θeIt indicates between liquid and conduit wall
Equilibrium contact angle, a and b are unknown parameter related with channel depth.
Measuring device further includes display device 307, the third output of the input terminal connection controller 305 of display device 307
End, the hydrodynamic viscosity data exported for display controller 305.
To improve measurement efficiency, micrometer/nanometer channel 303 includes the channel of multiple and different depth, channel depth at least 5
Kind；To avoid infection, the channel in micrometer/nanometer channel 303 be disposable；To improve accuracy, micrometer/nanometer
Channel is long and straight type.The use that the channel that depth is nanometer scale is reduced to experimental liquid as capillary, passes through capillary pressure
The flowing of power drive liquid, saves differential pressure measurement system.Depth is that amount of liquid needed for the micrometer/nanometer channel of nanometer scale is few,
It can be less than 1 μ l；Micrometer/nanometer channel be it is disposable, avoid infection, do not need cleaning device, and passageway machining skill
Art is mature；Device is simple, and liquid flows down in capillary pressure driving into micron/nanochannel, does not need external pressurized device, is not required to
Want pressure measurement unit；Easy to operate, easy to carry, measurement is rapid, result is reliable.
The measurement process of entire measuring device are as follows:
For known depth h1、h2、h3、h4、h5Micrometer/nanometer channel 303 for, first will be in sampling device 302
Micro-injection pump is removed, and draws a kind of simple Newtonian liquid (such as deionized water), micro-injection pump is put into sampling device later
302；
Power supply 301 and controller 305 are opened, temperature control device 304 is opened, to its steady operation, sampling device 302 is by the ox
The liquid that pauses is sent to 303 inlet of micrometer/nanometer channel, and liquid acts on one in the micron/nanochannel 303 that flows down in capillary force
A single channel, data acquisition device 306 measure the distance of different moments liquid, with data acquisition device shown in Fig. 4
For, process is as follows: when photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit 402 records moment t1, similarly, photoelectricity group
Part 11,12,13,14,15 record respectively liquid end surface current it is out-of-date at the time of t2、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to first
In data processing equipment 403, the first data processing equipment 403 is according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、
t5、t6, obtain the data of 6 groups of flow distance l and time t；
Controller 305 receives acquisition data (6 groups of streams of the first data processing equipment 403 transmission in data acquisition device 306
The data of dynamic distance l and time t), fitting obtains and records the experiment slope A of this group of experimental dataexp1、Aexp2、Aexp3、
Aexp4、Aexp5；
Similarly, then carry out class using other Newtonian liquids (such as isopropanol, ethyl alcohol, 70% glycerol, 30% glycerol etc.)
Like experiment, the slope A tested every time is respectively obtainedexp, controller 305 can be according to every kind of depth channel of record (for example including 5
A channel, then correspond to 5 kinds of channel depths, can disposably measure the viscosity of 5 kinds of testing liquids) in liquid experiment Aexp/ALWWith
(σ·cosθe/ η) value, the corresponding experimental data of each depth channel draws in rectangular coordinate system as one group of data
Aexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) relational graph, thus according to formulaObtain the depth
A, b value in channel.5 groups of a, b values successively obtained, fitting obtain relationship between a, b value and channel depth and a, b value it
Between relationship, our available h=f (a, b) and a=f (b), that is to say, it is (deep for channel that any known depth is h
Degree is nanometer scale), so that it may according to known h=f (a, b) and a=f (b), it is corresponding that the depth channel is directly calculated
A, b value, so that it is determined that the corresponding model of the depth channel
In conjunction with fit slope, dynamic viscosity of the liquid in the depth channel can be obtained by using above formula；
The value for the dynamic viscosity that 307 real-time display of display device measures.
Device of the present invention using measurement liquid viscosity, the specific implementation measured according to the method for measurement liquid viscosity
Example 1:
The single pass channel depth h=68nm of some in known micrometer/nanometer channel when specific operation first will be into
Micro-injection pump in sampling device is removed, and draws ethyl alcohol, micro-injection pump is put into sampling device later；
Power supply and controller are opened, opens temperature control device, to its steady operation, ethyl alcohol is sent to channel group and entered by sampling device
At mouthful, liquid flows into the single channel under capillary force effect, and data acquisition device measures the distance of different moments liquid,
Process is as follows: when photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit records moment t1, similarly, liquid end is recorded respectively
T at the time of when surface current crosses photoelectric subassembly 11,12,13,14,152、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to the first data processing
In device, the first data processing equipment can be according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6Obtain 6 groups of streams
The data of dynamic distance l and time t；
Controller is fitted to obtain and record the experiment of this group of experimental data according to the data of 6 groups of flow distance l and time t
Slope Aexp；
Then carry out similar experiment using isopropanol, 70% glycerol, 30% glycerol, 3 kinds of Newtonian fluids respectively, obtain
Test slope Aexp, controller can be according to the A of every kind of fluid experiment of recordexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) value, at right angle
A is drawn in coordinate systemexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) relational graph, according to formulaObtain a,
B value.Available from fit line, a=0.86107, b=-0.00983 determine the corresponding model of the depth channel
Finally, drawing testing liquid (deionized water) using micro-injection pump, repeats the above steps, remembered using timing circuit
It records lower flow distance of the testing liquid in different moments and the viscosity of testing liquid can be obtained using above-mentioned model, about
The viscosity number of 1.008cP, the value and deionized water in existing documents and materials are almost the same.
Device of the present invention using measurement liquid viscosity, the specific implementation measured according to the method for measurement liquid viscosity
Example 2:
The single pass channel depth h=116nm of some in known micrometer/nanometer channel when specific operation first will be into
Micro-injection pump in sampling device is removed, and draws ethyl alcohol, micro-injection pump is put into sampling device later；
Power supply and controller are opened, opens temperature control device, to its steady operation, ethyl alcohol is sent to channel group and entered by sampling device
At mouthful, liquid flows into the single channel under capillary force effect, and data acquisition device measures the distance of different moments liquid,
Process is as follows: when photoelectric subassembly 10 is passed through in liquid end face, timing circuit records moment t1, similarly, liquid end is recorded respectively
T at the time of when surface current crosses photoelectric subassembly 11,12,13,14,152、t3、t4、t5、t6, all data are transferred to the first data processing
In device, the first data processing equipment can be according to the distance between photoelectric subassembly and moment t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6Obtain 6 groups of streams
The data of dynamic distance l and time t；
Controller is fitted to obtain and record the experiment of this group of experimental data according to the data of 6 groups of flow distance l and time t
Slope Aexp；
Then carry out similar experiment using isopropanol, 30% glycerol, 2 kinds of Newtonian fluids respectively, obtain experiment slope Aexp, control
Device can be according to the A of every kind of fluid experiment of recordexp/ALWWith (σ cos θe/ η) value, A is drawn in rectangular coordinate systemexp/ALWWith (σ
cosθe/ η) relational graph, according to formulaObtain a, b value.It is available from fit line, a=1.0593,
B=-0.0097 determines the corresponding model of the depth channel
Finally, drawing testing liquid (deionized water) using micro-injection pump, repeats the above steps, remembered using timing circuit
It records lower flow distance of the testing liquid in different moments and the viscosity of testing liquid can be obtained using above-mentioned model, about
The viscosity number of 1.010cP, the value and deionized water in existing documents and materials are almost the same, and with measurement data in 68nm deep channel
Substantially it coincide.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for measuring liquid viscosity, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Establish the actual relationship model of liquid length of flow and time:
Wherein a and b is related with channel depth
Unknown parameter, AexpFor actual fit slope, l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates surface tension of liquid, θe
Indicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicates channel height；
Determine the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope:
The value for determining unknown parameter a and b determines the relational model
The value of the determining unknown parameter a and b, specifically includes: being tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind, N is whole greater than 1
Number；According to formulaObtain every group in the experiment of N group
The fit slope A of experimentexp；According to formulaObtain every group in the experiment of N group
The theoretical slope A of experimentLW；The fit slope of every group of experiment in the experiment of N group and the ratio of theory of correspondences slope are obtained, is obtained:Wherein Aexp(k)The fit slope that expression kth group is tested, k=1,2 ... ...
N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)Indicate surface tension of liquid in the experiment of kth group, θe(k)Indicate kth
Equilibrium contact angle in group experiment between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)Indicate the theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity in the experiment of kth group；Root
According to the relevant parameter of the known liquid of N group experiment, it is corresponding to obtain liquid known to every group of experimentGinseng
Number, wherein the relevant parameter includes surface tension of liquid σ(k), equilibrium contact angle θ between liquid and conduit walle(k), liquid it is dynamic
The theoretical value η of power viscosity(k)；Determine the value of a and the b；
According to the actual fit slope that liquid flows, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is determined.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein after the value of the determination a and b, further includes:
The relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in the channel of acquisition M group different depthIn unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein M is big
In 1 integer, a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
Determine the pass between the relation function h=f (a, b) and unknown parameter a and b between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b
It is function a=g (b).
3. a kind of system for measuring liquid viscosity, which is characterized in that the system comprises:
Length of flow and the relational model of time establish module, for establishing the actual relationship mould of liquid length of flow and time
Type:Wherein a and b is related with channel depth
Unknown parameter, AexpFor actual fit slope, l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates surface tension of liquid, θe
Indicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, η indicate hydrodynamic viscosity, h indicates channel height；
Hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slope relational model determining module, for determining hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fitting
Relational model between slope:
Unknown parameter determining module determines the relational model for determining the value of unknown parameter a and bThe unknown parameter determining module, specifically includes: experiment control list
Member, for being tested using the corresponding N group that carries out of liquid known to N kind；Fit slope obtains module, for according to formulaThe fitting for obtaining every group of experiment in the experiment of N group is oblique
Rate Aexp；Theoretical slope acquiring unit, for according to formulaObtain the experiment of N group
In every group of experiment theoretical slope ALW；Ratio calculation unit, for calculate N group experiment in every group of experiment fit slope and
The ratio of theory of correspondences slope, obtains:Wherein Aexp(k)Indicate that kth group is tested
The fit slope arrived, k=1,2 ... ... N, ALW(k)Indicate that kth group tests corresponding theoretical slope, σ(k)It indicates in the experiment of kth group
Surface tension of liquid, θe(k)Indicate the equilibrium contact angle in the experiment of kth group between liquid and conduit wall, η(k)It indicates in the experiment of kth group
The theoretical value of hydrodynamic viscosity；Liquid parameter computing unit, the related ginseng of the known liquid for being tested according to the N group
Number, it is corresponding to obtain liquid known to every group of experimentParameter, wherein the relevant parameter includes liquid surface
Power σ(k), equilibrium contact angle θ between liquid and conduit walle(k), hydrodynamic viscosity theoretical value η(k)；Unknown parameter determines single
Member, for determining the value of a and b；
Dynamic viscosity determining module, the actual fit slope for being flowed according to liquid, determines the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.
4. system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the system also includes:
The corresponding unknown parameter determining module in different depth channel after the value for determining a and b, obtains the different depths of M group
The relational model of length of flow and time during the corresponding liquid flowing in the channel of degree
In unknown parameter a(i)And b(i)Value, wherein
a(i)And b(i)For with channel depth h(i)Related unknown parameter, channel depth h(i)For the depth of channel i；
Relation function determining module, for determine the relation function h=f (a, b) between channel depth h and unknown parameter a, b with
And the relation function a=g (b) between unknown parameter a and b.
5. a kind of device for measuring liquid viscosity, which is characterized in that described device includes: power supply, sampling device, micrometer/nanometer
Channel, temperature control device, controller, data acquisition device；
The power supply connects the sampling device；The output end of the sampling device and the entrance in the micrometer/nanometer channel connect
It connects, the outlet in the micrometer/nanometer channel leads directly to atmosphere；
First output end of the controller connects the input terminal of the sampling device；The second output terminal of the controller connects
The input terminal of the temperature control device；The micrometer/nanometer channel is located inside the temperature control device；
The data acquisition device is used to acquire flow distance and the time of liquid；
The input terminal of the controller connects the data acquisition device, the liquid for acquiring according to the data acquisition device
Away from discrete time, the length of flow of liquid and the relational model of time are utilized
Obtain actual fit slope Aexp, also
For combining the theoretical relationship of liquid length of flow and time
The value for determining unknown parameter a and b determines the relational model between hydrodynamic viscosity and practical fit slopeAccording to the actual fit slope that liquid flows, the liquid is determined
Dynamic viscosity, wherein l (t) indicates the flow distance of t moment liquid, and σ indicates that surface tension of liquid, η indicate that hydrodynamic is viscous
Degree, h indicate channel height, θeIndicate that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and conduit wall, a and b are related with channel depth unknown
Parameter.
6. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the data acquisition device specifically includes: E group photoelectricity group
Part, timing circuit, the first data processing equipment；Wherein E is the integer greater than 2；
Every group of photoelectric subassembly includes an optical transmitting set and an optical receiver, E optical transmitting set of the E group photoelectric subassembly according to
The secondary lower section positioned at the micrometer/nanometer channel, E optical receiver of the E group photoelectric subassembly are sequentially located at the micron/receive
The top in rice grain pattern road is correspondingly arranged with the E optical transmitting set；
E optical receiver of the E group photoelectric subassembly is connected with the timing circuit；
First data processing equipment is connect with the output end of the timing circuit, for according to the E group photoelectric subassembly it
Between distance and the micrometer/nanometer channel in liquid reach time of each group of photoelectric subassembly, obtain the E group flowing of liquid away from
Discrete time.
7. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the data acquisition device specifically includes: F light source, F
Photoelectric sensor, the second data processing equipment；Wherein F is the integer greater than 2；
The F light source and the F photoelectric sensor correspond；The F photoelectric sensor be sequentially located at the micron/
The top of nanochannel, the F light source are sequentially located at the lower section in the micrometer/nanometer channel, with the F photoelectric sensor
It is oppositely arranged；
Second data processing equipment is connect with the output end of the F photoelectric sensor, for according to the F photoelectric transfer
Liquid reaches the time of each photoelectric sensor in the distance between sensor and the micrometer/nanometer channel, obtains the F of liquid
Group flow distance and time.
8. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the measuring device further include: display device, the display
The input terminal of device connects the third output end of the controller, for showing the hydrodynamic viscosity number of the controller output
According to.
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| CN1847849A (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Real-time body blood viscosity measuring instrument |
| CN204255802U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Liquid parameter measuring system |
| CN105547922A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 清华大学 | Microviscosimeter based on micro/nano channel |
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| WO2006036833A2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | A nanoliter viscometer for analyzing blood plasma and other liquid samples |
| US20140232853A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-21 | Neil E. Lewis | Imaging microviscometer |
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| CN1847849A (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Real-time body blood viscosity measuring instrument |
| CN204255802U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Liquid parameter measuring system |
| CN105547922A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 清华大学 | Microviscosimeter based on micro/nano channel |
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