CN107385921B - 一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107385921B
CN107385921B CN201710565366.7A CN201710565366A CN107385921B CN 107385921 B CN107385921 B CN 107385921B CN 201710565366 A CN201710565366 A CN 201710565366A CN 107385921 B CN107385921 B CN 107385921B
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graphene oxide
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杨程
任志东
邢悦
郝思嘉
戴圣龙
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Beijing Graphene Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂及其制备方法,步骤如下:1)水溶性多官能团环氧树脂制备;2)多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂制备。本发明具有以下优点:上浆剂所用主体树脂为多官能团树脂,具有高的交联密度,高的玻璃化转变温度,好的耐热性和热稳定性,有利于在碳纤维表面形成具有好的热稳定性的树脂膜,且改善碳纤维和基体树脂之间的粘结强度;制备工艺简单,便于规模化大批量生产,也有利于石墨烯及其衍生物的工业化应用。经本发明的上浆剂上浆处理的碳纤维的集束性、耐磨性等生产工艺性得到改善,碳纤维的单丝断裂强度及其复合材料的热性能、力学性能均得到提高。

Description

一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂及其 制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于石墨烯纳米复合材料及碳纤维复合材料领域,涉及一种碳纤维用多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂及其制备方法,特别是氧化石墨烯改性的耐高温水溶性上浆剂的制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维具有许多出众的性能,如高比强度、高比模量、质轻、耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、耐磨损等,以主承力结构件、次级承力结构件等形式被广泛应用于航空航天、交通、建筑、能源、医疗、体育等领域。然而碳纤维性脆,断裂延伸率小,在生产制造过程中也容易因为机械摩擦而出现单丝断裂和起毛等现象。单丝断裂会降低碳纤维复合材料制品的整体性能,毛丝则会污染环境,损害人体健康,影响生产用电器设备,降低碳纤维和树脂基体的浸润性等。研究表明,对碳纤维进行上浆处理,在碳纤维表面形成一层保护膜,则可以有效地防止毛丝和断丝现象的发生。此外,碳纤维和基体树脂之间在结构和性能上存在较大的差异,经上浆处理在碳纤维表面形成的聚合物薄层则可以作为复合材料界面的过渡层,将载荷有效地传递给碳纤维,抑制裂纹的引发、扩展和传播,增强碳纤维和树脂基体之间的界面粘结强度,改善碳纤维增强复合材料的整体性能。
碳纤维上浆剂在国内外已经有数十年的发展,主要集中在碳纤维增强环氧树脂领域,所使用主体树脂或成膜剂多为E51、E44、E20等缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂。然而,该类缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂多为两官能团环氧树脂,其固化物交联密度较低,其玻璃化转变温度较低、耐热性较差,影响了复合材料在一些特殊领域的使用,因此,开发三官能团、四官能团等多官能团环氧树脂基的耐高温型碳纤维上浆剂十分迫切。
目前上浆剂多采用两种方法制备,溶剂型上浆剂是以有机溶剂将主体树脂溶解而制成具有一定固含量的上浆剂,然而多数有机溶剂易挥发、污染环境,因此实际应用较少;乳液型上浆剂是以聚合物成膜剂、表面活性剂和水为主要物料,辅助以高剪切乳化机,通过反相乳化法制备。乳液型上浆剂在制备过程中几乎不使用有机溶剂,所以可以有效地避免溶剂型上浆剂的缺点,然而乳液型上浆剂的乳液粒径受乳化剂种类、乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、机械搅拌速度等诸多因素的影响,为了制备性能优良的乳液要进行大量的配方试验,且制备过程中要考量的参数较多不易控制。综上,溶剂型和乳液型上浆剂有各自的优缺点,而随着研究的深入和制备方法的不断改进,通过化学改性的方法,在树脂中引入亲水基团,制备水溶性的上浆剂成为一种新的选择。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述技术问题的不足,提供了一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,可以有效地解决上述技术问题。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
提供一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂,该水溶性上浆剂为水溶性多官能团环氧树脂、去离子水、稀释剂、仿生化合物以及氧化石墨烯组成的液体;所述的水溶性多官能团环氧树脂经过含醇羟基的氨基化合物、羧酸化合物以及稀释剂对多官能团环氧树脂改性获得。
特别的,其中:水溶性多官能团环氧树脂、去离子水、仿生化合物、氧化石墨烯在上浆剂中的质量比为:1~60:40~99:0.01~0.1:0.01~0.1。
同时,提供一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤1)水溶性多官能团环氧树脂制备
将多官能团环氧树脂、含有醇羟基的氨基化合物以及稀释剂于60~90℃反应40~150min,然后降低反应温度为45~65℃并加入羧酸化合物,继续反应30~60min,得到水溶性的多官能团环氧树脂;
步骤2)多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂制备
将步骤1)得到的水溶性多官能团环氧树脂、含有仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液混合,在0~30℃的温度条件下,对混合溶液进行剧烈搅拌,得到含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
进一步的,步骤1)中所述环氧树脂为下列环氧树脂中的一种或多种:三缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚(AFG-90)、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(AG-80)、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯醚、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’,5,5’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,5-环氧己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯(TDE85)。
进一步的,步骤1)中所述含醇羟基的氨基化合物为乙醇胺、6-氨基-1-己醇、二乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、二丁醇胺、2-氨基乙基-2-羟基乙醚中的一种或多种;所述含醇羟基的氨基化合物与环氧树脂的摩尔比为0.1~1。
进一步的,步骤1)所述的稀释剂为乙醇、正丁醇、丙二醇甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚等醇类化合物中的一种或多种;所述稀释剂与环氧树脂的质量比为0~60:1~60。
进一步的,步骤1)所述羧酸化合物为乙酸(又名冰醋酸或冰乙酸)、甲酸、乳酸中的一种或多种。特别的,步骤1)所述羧酸化合物与含醇羟基的氨基化合物的摩尔比为0.5~1.5。
进一步的,步骤2)所述含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液为:仿生化合物、氧化石墨烯和去离子水经30~180min的超声和机械搅拌,之后经3000~15000r/min的高速离心后所保留的上层液体,氧化石墨烯的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL;仿生化合物的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL;含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,仿生化合物、氧化石墨烯、去离子水的质量比为0.1~1:0.1~1:400~990;含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液与水溶性多官能团环氧树脂的质量比为40~99:1~60。
进一步的,所述氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯或多层氧化石墨烯;所述仿生化合物为多巴胺、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、茶多酚、乳酸、色氨酸、没食子酸中的一种或多种。
本发明具有以下优点:
上浆剂所用介质为去离子水,因而上浆剂的制备以及使用过程中不会产生环境污染,且降低了成本;该制备工艺简单、易操作,便于实现工业化规模生产;
上浆剂所用主体树脂为多官能团树脂,具有高的交联密度,高的玻璃化转变温度,好的耐热性和热稳定性,有利于在碳纤维表面形成具有好的热稳定性的树脂膜,克服了E44等传统缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂耐热性不足的缺点。
上浆剂中引入了氧化石墨烯,通过上浆处理,可以实现氧化石墨烯对碳纤维的改性,而氧化石墨烯水溶液中添加多巴胺等仿生化合物则有利于增强氧化石墨烯和碳纤维之间的界面结合强度,进而改善碳纤维复合材料的整体性能。
具体实施方式
通过以下几个优选的例子对本发明做进一步阐述。
实例1:
1)称取1g氧化石墨烯、1g多巴胺和1000mL去离子水超声条件下搅拌40min,之后以6000r/min的转速离心操作30min,最后取上层液体可以得到氧化石墨烯水溶液。
2)称取118g(1mol)N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(AG-80)、32g(0.3mol)二乙醇胺和17g丙二醇甲醚,反应物于80℃反应90min,之后降低反应温度为60℃,加入18g(0.3mol)乙酸并继续反应30min,待反应结束冷却至室温并加入300g氧化石墨烯水溶液,搅拌均匀即可得含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
实例2:
1)称取1g氧化石墨烯、1g海藻酸钠和2000mL去离子水超声条件下搅拌30min,之后以5000r/min的转速离心操作40min,取上层液体可以得到氧化石墨烯水溶液。
2)称取146g(1mol)N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、58g(0.5mol)6-氨基-1-己醇和50g丙二醇甲醚,反应物于70℃反应120min,之后加入30g(0.5mol)乙酸,于50℃恒温反应30min,待反应结束冷却至室温并加入267g氧化石墨烯水溶液,搅拌均匀即可得含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
实例3
1)称取1g氧化石墨烯、1g茶多酚和1000mL去离子水超声条件下搅拌60min,之后以9000r/min的转速离心操作30min,之后取上层液体可以得到氧化石墨烯水溶液。
2)称取104g(1mol)三缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚和33g(0.25mol)二异丙醇胺,反应物于75℃反应100min,之后加入12g(0.25mol)甲酸,于55℃恒温反应30min,待反应结束冷却至室温,在搅拌条件下逐滴加入317g氧化石墨烯水溶液,即可得含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
实例4
1)称取10g氧化石墨烯、10g多巴胺和1000mL去离子水超声条件下搅拌60min,之后以9000r/min的转速离心操作30min,之后取上层液体可以得到氧化石墨烯水溶液。
2)称取103g(1mol)4,5-环氧己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯(TDE85)和21g(0.2mol)二乙醇胺,反应物于80℃反应90min,之后加入18g(0.2mol)乳酸,于60℃恒温反应30min,待反应结束冷却至室温并加入317g氧化石墨烯水溶液,搅拌均匀即可得含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
实例5:
1)称取1g氧化石墨烯、1g多巴胺盐酸盐和1000mL去离子水超声条件下搅拌60min,之后以6000r/min的转速离心操作120min,之后取上层液体可以得到目标氧化石墨烯水溶液。
2)称取103g(1mol)4,5-环氧己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯(TDE85)和64g(0.4mol)二丁醇胺,反应物于75℃反应90min,之后降低反应温度为55℃并加入18g(0.4mol)甲酸,继续反应30min,待反应结束冷却至室温并加入317g氧化石墨烯水溶液,搅拌均匀即可得含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。

Claims (7)

1.一种含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤1)水溶性多官能团环氧树脂制备
将多官能团环氧树脂、含有醇羟基的氨基化合物以及稀释剂于60~90℃反应40~150min,然后降低反应温度为45~65℃并加入羧酸化合物,继续反应30~60min,得到水溶性的多官能团环氧树脂;所述环氧树脂为下列环氧树脂中的一种或多种:三缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯醚、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-3,3’,5,5’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,5-环氧己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯;
步骤2)多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂制备
将步骤1)得到的水溶性多官能团环氧树脂、含有仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液混合,在0~30℃的温度条件下,对混合溶液进行剧烈搅拌,得到含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述含醇羟基的氨基化合物为乙醇胺、6-氨基-1-己醇、二乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、二丁醇胺、2-氨基乙基-2-羟基乙醚中的一种或多种;所述含醇羟基的氨基化合物与环氧树脂的摩尔比为0.1~1。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述的稀释剂为乙醇、正丁醇、丙二醇甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚醇类化合物中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述羧酸化合物为乙酸、甲酸、乳酸中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)所述含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液为:仿生化合物、氧化石墨烯和去离子水经30~180min的超声和机械搅拌,之后经3000~15000r/min的高速离心后所保留的上层液体,氧化石墨烯的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL;仿生化合物的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL;含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,仿生化合物、氧化石墨烯、去离子水的质量比为0.1~1:0.1~1:400~990;含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液与水溶性多官能团环氧树脂的质量比为40~99:1~60。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液中的氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯或多层氧化石墨烯;含仿生化合物的氧化石墨烯水溶液中的仿生化合物为多巴胺、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、茶多酚、乳酸、色氨酸、没食子酸中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种上述含氧化石墨烯的多官能团环氧树脂基水溶性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述羧酸化合物与含醇羟基的氨基化合物的摩尔比为0.5~1.5。
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