CN107384536B - 一种绝缘型液压油组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种绝缘型液压油组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种绝缘型液压油组合物,包括如下重量百分含量的组分:抗氧剂0.1~3.0%,极压抗磨剂0.05~3.0%,防锈剂0.01~0.5%,有机金属减活剂0.01~1.0%,清净分散剂0.01%~1.0%,黏度指数改进剂1.0~15.0%,抗泡剂20ppm‑200ppm,基础油余量。本发明进一步提供了所述组合物的制备方法。本发明所述的绝缘型液压油组合物具有优异的极压抗磨性、抗氧化性和氧化安定性,尤其是具有良好的电绝缘性能,可应用于绝缘型高空作业车及其它对油品具有绝缘性能要求的液压系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种绝缘型液压油组合物,具体地说,涉及一种具有一定绝缘性能的液压油组合物,尤其是涉及一种具有电绝缘性的液压油组合物。
背景技术
高空作业机械(包括车载式工作平台、移动式升降工作平台和固定式升降工作平台)是一种将作业人员、工具、材料等通过作业平台举升到空中指定位置进行各种安装、维修等作业的专用高空作业设备。高空作业机械广泛用于建筑物外墙表面的装饰、清洗和维护、绝缘架线和维修、消防救援及大型物体(船舶、飞机)维护检查、路灯维修、机械化施工作业等。其中,绝缘型高空作业车主要应用于电力、通讯等行业,此类车辆在安全性方面要求具有一定绝缘型能,要求所用液压油具有一定的绝缘性。
根据GB/T 9465—2008《高空作业车》,对高空作业车所使用液压油的电绝缘性能要求为“平均击穿电压不小于20kV”。由于此类作业车辆直接与生命健康安全相关,从设备制造商到直接使用方都对所用液压油提出了更高的电绝缘性能要求,部分要求击穿电压不低于50kV。常规工业用液压油往往无法满足这一要求,因此,需要一种绝缘型液压油组合物,其具有优良的黏温性能、极压抗磨性、热稳定性、水解安定性和氧化安定性等,能够保障液压系统的正常平稳运行,同时兼具良好的绝缘性能、较高的击穿电压,满足绝缘型高空作业车及类似设备的液压系统使用和安全性能要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种绝缘型液压油组合物,其具有良好的黏温性能、极压抗磨性、热稳定性、水解安定性和抗氧化性,以及电绝缘性能,能够满足绝缘型高空作业机械的使用要求。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明提供一种绝缘型液压油组合物,包含如下重量百分含量的组分:
优选地,所述组合物包括如下重量百分含量的组分:
本发明所述的基础油为I类基础油、II类基础油、III类基础油中得一种或多种的混合物,选择合适调配比例,以获得相应黏度产品。矿物型基础油对大部分添加剂具有较好的溶解性和感受性,其中II类和III类加氢基础油具有较好的低温和黏温性能、抗氧化性能好等特点,尤其是加氢基础油具有相对较好的电绝缘性能。所述的I类、II类、III类基础油优选采用HVI Ib 150、HVI 500、HVI II4、HVI II6、HVI III4、HVI III6中一种或任意多种的组合。其中,II类和/或III类基础油的使用比例不低于60%。
本发明所述的抗氧剂为胺型抗氧剂和/或酚型抗氧剂,具体为辛基/戊基二苯胺(IRGANOX L57)、二壬基二苯胺(T558)、聚苯乙烯基辛基二苯胺(Hitec4793)、2,2'-硫代二乙基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX L 115)中的一种或多种;优选为辛基/戊基二苯胺(IRGANOX L57)和2,2'-硫代二乙基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX L 115)的混合物。所述抗氧剂的加入量控制在0.3~2.0%,优选加入量控制在0.4~1.0%。本发明采用的抗氧剂中,胺类与酚类抗氧剂比例控制在1:3到1:1之间,优选比例1:2。作为一种优选方案,所述抗氧剂由辛基/戊基二苯胺和2,2'-硫代二乙基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯]以重量比1:2混合而成。
极压抗磨剂可以改善润滑剂的极压和抗磨损性能,若抗磨性能差,一方面降低油品的实际使用效果另一方面直接影响油品在使用中的电绝缘性能。本发明所述的极压抗磨剂选自磷酸铵(IRGALUBE 349)、三苯基硫代磷酸盐(TPPT)、亚磷酸三苯酯(NaugalubeTPP)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(LZ1375)中的一种或多种;优选为磷酸铵、亚磷酸三苯酯和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的混合物。作为一种优选方案,所述极压抗磨剂由磷酸铵、亚磷酸三苯酯和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌以重量比2:1:5混合而成。
本发明所述防锈剂为烯基丁二酸(T746)、二壬基萘磺酸钙(VANLUBE RI-CSN)中的一种或两种;优选为烯基丁二酸和二壬基萘磺酸钙的混合物。作为一种优选方案,所述防锈剂由烯基丁二酸和二壬基萘磺酸钙以重量比1:1混合而成。
本发明所述的有机金属减活剂为苯三唑或其衍生物(Irgamet 39)、噻二唑衍生物(Cuvan 484)、杂环化合物(T553)中的一种或多种;优选为苯三唑及其衍生物和噻二唑衍生物混而成。作为一种优选方案,所述有机金属减活剂由苯三唑或其衍生物和噻二唑衍生物以重量比2:1混合而成。
本发明所述的清净分散剂为高碱值磺酸钙(Hitec 611)、高碱值硫化烷基酚钙(LZ6499)、双丁基酰亚胺(T154)中的一种或几种;优选为高碱值磺酸钙与双丁基酰亚胺的混合物。作为一种优选方案,所述清净分散剂由高碱值磺酸钙与双丁基酰亚胺以重量比3:1混合而成。
黏度指数改进剂主要用于调节油品黏度和改善油品黏温性能。本发明所述黏度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯类型(Viscoplex 8-219),优选的加剂量为2.0~12.0%。且随着加剂量的提高,能够提高本发明所述绝缘型液压油产品的击穿电压。
抗泡剂主要用于改善油品的抗泡性能,使油品具有更好的抑制泡沫产生的能力,同时具有更好的消泡能力。本发明所述抗泡剂的添加剂量为20ppm-200ppm,优选为20-80ppm。本发明优选采用硅油型抗泡剂(Foam Ban155)。
具体的,本发明优选所述组合物包括如下重量百分含量的组分:
作为本发明的最优选方案,所述组合物包括如下重量百分含量的组分:
本发明的另一目的是提供一种绝缘型液压油组合物的制备方法。
本发明的绝缘型液压油组合物的制备过程如下:先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到30-45℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂。
为了提高油品综合性能,本发明优选将复配所得绝缘型液压油组合物经过真空加热过滤以及多级过滤。具体而言,所述真空加热过滤的真空度控制在0.09~0.1Mpa,温度控制在50~55℃;所述多级过滤精度依次为5微米、3微米。
为了进一步提高油品综合性能,本发明优选将复配所得绝缘型液压油组合物经过真空过滤后进一步实施常压加热干燥处理,体系温度控制在50-60℃。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述制备过程具体为:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到35~40℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.09~0.1Mpa、50~55℃进行真空加热过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在50~55℃进行常压干燥,即得。
本发明通过对步骤(1)、步骤(2)中加热、过滤以及干燥的各项参数进行全面优化,保证各步骤协同发挥作用,使所得到的组合物具有较高的击穿电压。
本发明选择适宜黏度的基础油,加入经过合理选择具体组分和配比的抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂、清净分散剂、抗泡剂等复配而成,并经过真空加热过滤处理,得到具有良好的极压抗磨性、热稳定性和抗氧化性,尤其是具有良好的电绝缘性能的绝缘型液压油,尤其适合于绝缘作业机械或车辆液压系统使用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-6
实施例中的绝缘型液压油组合物的组分见表1,其制备过程如下:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到40℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.098Mpa、53℃进行真空加热过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在55℃进行常压干燥,即得。
表1:实施例1-6各组分含量(%)
上述实施例中,基础油HVI Ib 150、HVII4、HVI III6均为中石化基础油,添加剂IRGANOX L57、IRGANOX L115、TPPT、Irgalube 349、IRGAMET 39购自BASF公司;LZ1375购自路博润公司;Vanlube RI-CSN、Cuvan 484购自Vanderbilt公司;VISCOPLEX 8-219购自Evonik公司;FOAM BAN155购自Munzing公司;Hitec 611购自雅富顿公司;T746、T553、T154购自国内添加剂公司。
将实施例1-6进行各项性能评定,以市售两种液压油组合物为对比例1、2,结果如下:
表2:绝缘型液压油组合物分析数据
实施例7
与实施例3相比,区别仅在于,按照如下方法制备而成:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到35℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.098Mpa、55℃进行过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在50℃进行常压干燥,即得。
经检测,所得组合物的击穿电压为58kV。
实施例8
与实施例3相比,区别仅在于,按照如下方法制备而成:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到45℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.098Mpa、50℃进行过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在60℃进行常压干燥,即得。
经检测,所得组合物的击穿电压为55kV。
对比例3
与实施例3相比,区别仅在于,按照如下方法制备而成:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到65℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.098Mpa、25℃进行过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在30℃进行常压干燥,即得。
经检测,所得组合物的击穿电压为51kV。
对比例4
与实施例3相比,区别仅在于,按照如下方法制备而成:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到25℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.098Mpa、60℃进行过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在70℃进行常压干燥,即得。
经检测,所得组合物的击穿电压为43kV。
以上实施例和对比例表明,本发明提供的绝缘型液压油组合物产品具有优良的极压抗磨性、氧化安定性,尤其具有良好的电绝缘性能,可用于绝缘作业机械或车辆的液压系统,老化后油品击穿电压测试结果表明,本发明所提供的绝缘型液压油产品组合物在长时间使用后仍然能够保持良好的电绝缘性能。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述辛基/戊基二苯胺和2,2'-硫代二乙基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯]以重量比1:2混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述磷酸铵、亚磷酸三苯酯和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌以重量比2:1:5混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述烯基丁二酸和二壬基萘磺酸钙以重量比1:1混合而成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述烯基丁二酸和二壬基萘磺酸钙以重量比1:1混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1-2、5任意一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述苯三唑衍生物和噻二唑衍生物以重量比2:1混合而成。
7.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述苯三唑衍生物和噻二唑衍生物以重量比2:1混合而成。
8.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述苯三唑衍生物和噻二唑衍生物以重量比2:1混合而成。
9.根据权利要求1-2、5、7-8任意一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述高碱值磺酸钙和双丁基酰亚胺以重量比3:1混合而成。
10.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述高碱值磺酸钙和双丁基酰亚胺以重量比3:1混合而成。
11.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述高碱值磺酸钙和双丁基酰亚胺以重量比3:1混合而成。
12.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述高碱值磺酸钙和双丁基酰亚胺以重量比3:1混合而成。
14.权利要求1-13任意一项所述绝缘型液压油组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,先将基础油加热到30-45℃,依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述搅拌均匀所得的组合物在真空度0.09~0.1Mpa、50~55℃条件下真空加热过滤,再依次采用5微米、3微米的过滤膜进行真空过滤,将所述真空过滤后的组合物在50-60℃进行常压干燥处理。
16.根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)先将矿物基础油以合适比例混合并加热到35~40℃,然后依次加入抗氧剂、黏度指数改进剂、极压抗磨剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂,清净分散剂,搅拌均匀后加入抗泡剂,得混合物;
(2)将所述混合物在真空度0.09~0.1Mpa、50~55℃进行真空加热过滤和精度依次5微米、3微米的多级过滤,再在50~55℃进行常压干燥,即得。
17.权利要求1-13任意一项所述绝缘型液压油组合物或权利要求14-16任意一项所述方法制备而成的组合物在绝缘作业机械中的应用。
18.权利要求1-13任意一项所述绝缘型液压油组合物或权利要求14-16任意一项所述方法制备而成的组合物在绝缘作业车辆液压系统中的应用。
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