CN107375870A - 一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物及应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的中药组合物及其在制备治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤药物中的应用。本发明采用前瞻性多中心随机单盲对照试验对治疗效果进行评估,结果显示在脓毒症早期使用本发明公开的中药组合物能够使机械通气及留住ICU时间明显缩短,28天死亡率及AGI归因死亡率显著降低,能够显著提高胃肠功能以及改善脓毒症并发AGI患者的临床预后,并且安全、无不良反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药领域,具体涉及一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
脓毒症是由感染导致器官功能障碍的综合征。它可以进一步导致严重的并发症例如脓毒性休克和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS),这是重症监护室(ICU)中死亡的主要原因之一。严重脓毒症的发病率大约为1000个患者中有一例,ICU中的患者有10%受到影响。在美国,脓毒症的患病率约为住院患者的4.3%,且总的住院死亡率为21.9%。
当脓毒症引发MODS时,胃肠道是最易受到伤害的目标器官。急性胃肠损伤(AGI)在脓毒症中起到重要的作用,并且是脓毒症的起始器官之一。同时,脓毒症本身也会引起肠功能紊乱、动力降低以及肠道屏障功能损伤,导致肠道微生物群和内毒素的移位,最终导致MODS的诱发和恶化。MODS的发生将会依次诱发和加重AGI,并进一步加速患者的死亡。
目前脓毒症的治疗手段包括抗感染治疗、早期液体复苏、机械通气、营养支持以及免疫调节治疗。AGI的预防和治疗包括早期肠内营养、施用抑酸剂以保护胃肠粘膜、适当补充谷氨酰胺以及益生菌。然而,所有这些治疗对于脓毒症并发AGI的患者疗效都有限,尽管用最好的治疗,住院死亡率依然约为21.9%。因此,需要补充的和新型的疗法提高脓毒症的治疗效果。
脓毒症因其以“发热”为主要表现,中医将其归入“外感热病”、“温毒”、“疽毒内陷”等范畴,病机主要有:毒热内蕴、瘀血阻滞、正气不足等观点,正气不足是本病发生的内在依据,毒热入侵是重要条件,瘀血阻络是病机的关键。当运用辨证原则对患者进行分类和治疗时,中药表现出对AGI有一定的疗效。由于脓毒症和AGI的病因学很复杂且关键,单一的治疗方法不可能适用于所有患者。因此,运用基于每个病人特定情况的集束化中药治疗可能会提高疗效。
发明内容
有鉴于现有常规治疗在疗效上的欠缺,本发明提供了一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物及其在制备治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤药物中的应用。具体的技术方案如下:
本发明在第一方面提供了一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物,其选自由以下原料药组成的组:大黄、麻子仁、枳实、白芍、厚朴、苦杏仁、白蜜、芒硝、柴胡、枳壳、川芎、香附、陈皮、炙甘草、黄芪、人参、白术、当归、生姜、枣、升麻、吴茱萸和肉桂。
优选地,对于湿浊内蕴证,上述中药组合物以大黄、麻子仁、枳实、白芍、厚朴、苦杏仁和白蜜为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:大黄9份、麻子仁12份、枳实12份、白芍10份、厚朴10份、苦杏仁12份和白蜜6份。该组合物能够增液并促进胃肠蠕动。
优选地,对于腑气不通证,上述中药组合物以枳实、厚朴、大黄和芒硝为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:枳实15份、厚朴20份、大黄10份和芒硝10份。更优选地,上述中药组合物的有效成分还包括附子、人参、干姜和甘草,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:枳实15份、厚朴20份、大黄10份、芒硝10份、附子15份、人参6份、干姜9份和甘草6份。在脓毒症急性胃肠损伤早期通过鼻饲或灌肠上述组合物,能够帮助胃肠排空,降低腹内压,并促进胃肠功能的恢复。
优选地,对于气滞血瘀证,上述中药组合物以柴胡、枳壳、川芎、白芍、香附、陈皮和炙甘草为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:柴胡12份、枳壳12份、川芎12份、白芍12份、香附12份、陈皮9份和炙甘草6份。该组合物能够增加胃动素的分泌,并降低促肾上腺皮质激素的释放。
优选地,对于脾胃虚弱证,上述中药组合物以黄芪、人参、白术、当归、柴胡、生姜、枣、陈皮、升麻、炙甘草为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:黄芪15份、人参15份、白术15份、当归15份、柴胡15份、生姜9份、枣9份、陈皮12份、升麻10份和炙甘草6份。该组合物对治疗胃炎、便秘、腹泻、功能性消化不良和结肠炎有很好的疗效。
优选地,上述中药组合物以煎剂的形式给药。更优选地,煎剂的制备方法为:称量原料药材,在煎药机中加水浸泡上述原料药材,将浸泡得到的混合物浓缩、称量、过滤并包装为煎剂。
优选地,上述中药组合物以吴茱萸和肉桂为有效成分,并以1:1的重量比组成。
优选地,上述中药组合物以穴位敷贴的形式给药。更优选地,该穴位敷贴的制备方法为,将等量吴茱萸和肉桂研磨并与醋混合,施用到患者的穴位,遮盖并固定。在一个较优实施例中,穴位敷贴施用的穴位为神阙穴。吴茱萸具有散寒、镇痛、减少逆流、止吐和止泻的功效。肉桂具有补火助阳、镇痛、温经、通络、引火归原的功效,是治疗命门火衰的药物。在神阙穴上施用吴茱萸和肉桂的组合,能够缓解ICU患者的腹胀。
本发明在另一方面提供了上述中药组合物在制备治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤药物中的应用。
优选地,其应用包括将上述中药组合物制成煎剂,以鼻饲或灌肠方式给药,或者制成穴位敷贴。
更优选地,鼻饲给药时,上述煎剂每天给药一次,分两个50mL剂量进行鼻饲。
更优选地,灌肠方式给药时,上述煎剂每天给药一次,以100mL剂量进行灌肠,时间为10-15分钟。
更优选地,穴位敷贴给药时,上述穴位敷贴每天给药一次,每次12小时。穴位优选为神阙穴,神阙穴(RN8)位于脐中,能够疏通经络、调理脏腑以及润肠通便。
在较优实施例中,上述中药组合物与针灸结合施用。优选地,针灸在足三里、上巨虚、下巨虚、天枢和中脘中的一个或多个穴位上进行。足三里(ST36)、上巨虚(ST37)、下巨虚(ST39)和天枢(ST25)都归于足阳明胃经,在足三里上针灸能够平胃降逆并促进排便;在上巨虚上针灸能够镇定并调节肠道;在天枢上针灸能够调节肠道,理气行滞,且有助消化;在下巨虚上针灸能够调节肠道;在中脘(RN-12)上针灸能够和中益气。最重要的是,在上述五个穴位上针灸能够促进胃肠功能的恢复。
优选地,上述应用由多中心随机单盲对照试验评估疗效。主要结果为28天死亡率;次要结果为第14天的D-lac、二胺氧化酶(DAO)血清水平、脂多糖(LPS)、胃动素(MTL)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、APACHE II评分、序贯性器官衰竭评价(SOFA)评分、多器官功能障碍(MODS)评分、腹内压、肠鸣音、腹围、机械通气时间、留住ICU时间、胃肠功能(GIF)评分,以及AGI归因死亡率。
评估结果显示,在脓毒症早期使用本发明公开的中药组合物能够使机械通气及留住ICU时间明显缩短,28天死亡率及胃肠归因死亡率显著降低,能够显著提高胃肠功能以及改善脓毒症并发AGI患者的临床预后,并且安全、无不良反应。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。所以凡是不脱离本发明所公开的原理下完成的等效或修改,都落入本发明保护的范围。
以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明,以充分说明本发明的目的、技术特征和技术效果。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明较优实施例中的患者流程图;
图2示出了本发明较优实施例中的对照组和干预组28天生存率的卡普兰-迈耶(Kaplan-Meier)分析。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
本发明采用前瞻性多中心随机单盲对照试验,研究对象为2012年12月—2014年12月期间连续收治的来自浙江中医药大学第一附属医院、浙江省同德医院、浙江省新华医院、杭州市中医院、浙江省中西医结合医院、杭州中医院等ICU的脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的患者,共计600例,入选患者符合纳入标准,并剔除排除标准。最终有301例患者纳入分析。研究方案经上述5家医院的伦理委员会研究同意,并在中国临床试验注册中心注册(ChiCTR-IOR-15007625),所有患者均签署临床研究知情同意书。
诊断标准
根据2012年欧洲危重病医学会提出的标准,AGI是由重症患者的急性疾病所导致的胃肠功能紊乱,表现为轻度或重度的腹胀、弱或无肠鸣音、麻痹性肠梗阻、应激性溃疡或胃肠道出血。出现以上任何一种症状的患者即被诊断为AGI。根据其严重程度,可分为四个等级。第I级:有胃肠功能衰竭的风险,存在有明确原因的暂时性胃肠道症状,但病人能够自行恢复;第II级:胃肠道的消化吸收功能不能满足身体对营养和水分的需求,但不影响患者的全身状况;腹内压为12-15mmHg;第III级:丧失胃肠功能,即使治疗也不能恢复胃肠功能;腹内压为15-20mmHg;第IV级,胃肠功能衰竭并严重影响其他器官,伴有MODS和休克。由于第I级是可逆的并且能够无需干预自行恢复,因此在本发明中,招收的是第II、III、IV级患者。
脓毒症的诊断标准符合国际脓毒症指南(2012):确诊或疑似感染,连同以下至少一项:1)全身指标:发热(>38.3℃),体温过低(核心体温<36℃),心率>90bpm或者>年龄正常值之上2个标准差,呼吸急促,意识改变,明显水肿或液体正平衡(24小时内>20ml/kg),或高血糖症(血糖>7.7mmol/L);2)炎症指标:白细胞增多(白细胞计数(WBC)>12×109/L),白细胞减少(WBC<4×109/L),WBC正常但不成熟细胞>10%,C-反应蛋白>正常值2个标准差,或者血浆降钙素原>正常值2个标准差;3)血液动力学指标:低血压(收缩压(SBP)<90mmHg,平均动脉压<70mmHg,或者SBP下降>正常值2个标准差);4)器官功能障碍指标:动脉低血氧症(氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)<300mmHg),急性少尿(充分液体复苏后持续2h以上尿量<0.5mlkg-1·h),肌酸酐>44.2μmol/L,凝血功能异常(国际标准化比值(INR)>1.5或活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)>60s),肠麻痹(无肠鸣音),血小板减少(血小板计数(PLT)<100×109/L),高胆红素血(血浆总胆红素>70mmol/L);或者5)组织灌注参数:高乳酸血症(血液乳酸>1mmol/L);毛细血管受损或皮肤出现花斑。
纳入和排除标准
纳入标准:1)脓毒症诊断;AGI级别II、III或IV;3)年龄18-80岁。
排除标准:1)住ICU时间<3d;2)原发性胃肠道疾病(例如胃肠溃疡、炎症性肠病);3)胃肠手术史;4)孕妇或哺乳期妇女;5)恶性肿瘤晚期;6)Marshall评分≥20分;7)入ICU2天后血流动力学仍未稳定或凝血功能显著异常(APTT>2倍上限值);8)不能实施中药鼻饲或针灸;9)对中药过敏;或者10)参与其他临床试验。计划好的治疗方案中有任何中断(例如转到其他医院或科室、患者或患者家属放弃治疗等等),将导致患者从分析中排除。
分组方法
入选患者血流动力学稳定(Mean Arterial Pressure,MAP≥65mmHg,去甲肾上腺素剂量<0.2μg/Kg/min,血液乳酸<4mmol/L)后即刻进行随机分组。在筛选的600位患者中,301位符合条件的患者被按1:1比例随机分成对照组和干预组(所有五个中心的中心随机化系统),其中对照组151人,干预组150人。
盲法实施
对患者采用单盲,即仅告之患者及家属治疗方案,而不直接告知对照组还是干预组。
治疗
对照组:根据国际脓毒症指南2012进行常规治疗,包括:液体复苏和抗休克,积极抗感染,必要时血液净化,早期肠内营养,脏器功能支持等。
干预组:在常规治疗上增加中药集束化治疗。每位患者基于辨证通过鼻饲、灌肠接受恰当的中药煎剂、针灸治疗或穴位贴敷。腹内压>20mmHg、胃肠道出血或肠梗阻的患者不通过鼻饲接受中药煎剂。有严重凝血障碍(APTT>2倍上限值)或血小板<30,000/mm2的患者不接受针灸。两位中医师(至少是副主任医师)基于中医诊断学对患者的辨证进行诊断。
1)对于湿浊内蕴证,给患者施用的药方含有大黄9g,麻子仁12g,枳实12g,白芍10g,厚朴10g,苦杏仁12g和白蜜6g。
2)对于腑气不通证,给患者施用的药方含有枳实15g,厚朴20g,大黄10g(后下)和芒硝10g(溶于水或与其他药物溶液混合后给药,不煎)。
3)对于气滞血瘀证,给患者施用的药方含有柴胡12g,枳壳12g,川芎12g,白芍12g,香附12g,陈皮9g和炙甘草6g。
4)对于脾胃虚弱证,给患者施用的药方含有黄芪15g,人参15g,白术15g,当归15g,柴胡15g,生姜9g,枣9g,陈皮12g,升麻10g,炙甘草6g。
治疗七天以后,根据情况调整药方,必要时对患者再治疗七天。对于煎剂法,称量药材并放入无纺布袋,在煎药机(北京东华原)中加水浸泡药材30分钟。所有煎剂在浙江中医药大学第一附属医院制备,将混合物浓缩、称量、过滤并包装为100mL煎剂。煎剂每天给药一次,分两个50mL剂量鼻饲14天。
中药煎剂灌肠
如果患者表现出脘腹、大便干结或便秘、腹痛拒压、严重的发烧、昏迷、舌苔黄厚而干、脉沉实,则诊断为阳证,给患者施用清热解毒通便的药物以及含有枳实15g,厚朴20g,大黄10g和芒硝10g的药房。如果患者表现出腹胀和便秘、脐下绞结、手足不温、白苔、脉沉弦,则诊断为阴证,给患者施用温阳益气润肠的药物。在上述药方中再添加附子15g,人参6g,干姜9g和甘草6g。每副煎剂为100mL,保留灌肠10-15分钟。煎剂每天给药一次,当大便次数每天大于3次时,停止给药1天。治疗持续14天,禁止施用其他的灌肠治疗。
针灸疗法
根据腧穴名称与定位2006(GB/T12346-2006),选择双侧的ST36、ST25、ST37、ST39和RN12穴位。所有穴位由经培训的中医师用连有电针设备(常州华音HT-2电针治疗仪)的1.5寸针灸针(吴江佳辰)进行针灸。该设备设置为连续波,频率为4Hz。针灸治疗每天进行两次,每次15分钟,进行14天。
穴位敷贴
将吴茱萸和肉桂各3g研磨并与醋混合。将混合的药物施用到患者的神阙穴,用一小片塑料膜和消毒纱布(外用)遮盖并用胶布固定。该治疗每天进行一次,每次12小时,进行14天。
结果
主要结果为28天死亡率。次要结果为第14天的D-lac、二胺氧化酶(DAO)血清水平、脂多糖(LPS)、胃动素(MTL)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、APACHE II评分、序贯性器官衰竭评价(SOFA)评分、多器官功能障碍(MODS)评分、腹内压、肠鸣音、腹围、机械通气时间、留住ICU时间、胃肠功能(GIF)评分,以及AGI归因死亡率。
记录年龄、性别以及留住ICU的原因。在第1、3、7和14天于空腹状态(停止肠道和肠胃外营养>4小时)采集血清样本。所有样本存放于浙江中医药大学第一附属医院,并使用酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA,上海西唐)检测D-lac、DAO、LPS、MTL和TNF-α。记录第1、3、7和14天的APACHE II评分、AGI分级、SOFA评分、MODS评分、GIF评分(由经培训的人员盲法评估)、腹内压、腹围、肠鸣音、机械通气时间、留住ICU时间、28天死亡率以及AGI归因死亡率。
对于肠鸣音的检测,患者处于仰卧位,将听诊器放置在患者的脐区。记录1分钟内的气过水声次数。
对于腹内压的测量,患者处于仰卧位,将Foley导尿管与储尿袋和测压管连接,排空膀胱并关闭储尿袋,将0.9%NaCl溶液(20mL)加入到测压管中,然后连接测压管和传感器,开放远端,设置耻骨联合为零点以测量膀胱内的腹内压。
AGI归因死亡率是指归因于胃肠功能衰竭导致死亡的人数占总死亡人数的百分比,由经培训的中医师(至少是副主任医师)评估。
记录中药和常规疗法的副作用,包括过敏反应(例如皮疹、休克等)、肝功能损伤、施用中药后呕吐、在针灸治疗中昏厥以及瘀斑。如果有过敏反应,停用可疑药物,并给予恰当治疗。如果施用中药后呕吐,重新施用煎剂,并缓慢给药。如果在针灸治疗中昏厥并出现瘀斑,立即取出针灸针。如果患者对中药有严重的副反应(例如严重的肝肾损伤),立刻停止中药干预。
样本量
样本量的估计是基于28天死亡率,并以1:1的比例用优效检验进行检测。对于对照组和干预组,估计的28天死亡率分别为50%和35%。第一类误差(α)设为0.05,势设为0.80。假设脱落率为15%,所需总样本量为302。
统计分析
用SPSS 17.0软件(美国纽约阿蒙克IBM)分析数据。双侧P值≤0.05被视为统计上显著的。使用柯尔莫诺夫-斯米尔诺夫检验(Kolmogorov-Smirnov test)对连续数据进行正态分布检验。正态分布的连续数据表示为平均值±标准偏差,并使用学生t检验(Student ttest)进行分析。非正态分布表示为中位数(范围),并使用曼-惠特尼U检验(Mann-WhitneyU test)进行分析。分类数据表示为数目(n)和百分比或比率(%),并视情况使用卡方检验(chi-square test)、校正卡方检验(corrected chi-square test)或费舍尔精确检验(Fisher's exact test)进行分析。总生存率(OS)用卡普兰-迈耶法(Kaplan-Meiermethod)进行分析。发明人评估了28天生存率、AGI归因死亡率、机械通气时间和住院时间、全分析集中的不良反应以及符合方案集中的其他变量。
结果
患者特征
筛选600位从2012年12月至2014年12月期间由上述五所医院ICU收治的脓毒症并发AGI的患者。根据排除和纳入标准,招收了301位患者,如图1所示。
年龄、性别、APACHE II评分、SOFA评分、MODS评分、留住ICU的原因以及中医辨证(均为P>0.05),如表1所示。
表1、患者特征
BMI:体质指数;APACHE II:急性生理和慢性健康状况评价II;SOFA:序贯性器官衰竭评价;MODS:多器官功能障碍;GIF:胃肠功能衰竭;ICU:重症监护室;TCM:中医。
主要结果
干预组的28天死亡率显著低于对照组(35.3%vs.48.3%,P=0.01),如表2和图2所示。
表2、两组患者预后情况比较
次要结果
招收病人后第1和3天,两组间的所有指标均无显著性差异(均为P>0.05),如表3所示。在第7和14天,干预组的血清D-lac、DAO、LPS、TNF-α以及腹内压和腹围显著低于对照组,而血清MTL和肠鸣音则显著高于对照组(均为P>0.05),如表3所示。
在招收日将干预组和对照组的患者根据AGI分级分为三个亚组。在第1天,干预组和对照组中每个亚组的GIF评分和APACHE II评分接近(均为P>0.05)。在第14天,干预组中AGI II和III级的患者的评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预组中AGI IV级的患者的GIF评分和对照组接近(P>0.05),但APACHE II评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),如表4所示。
干预组的机械通气时间(17.4±10.4vs.19.9±11.1天,P=0.049)和留住ICU时间(17.3±10.2vs.20.1±11.5天)显著短于对照组。干预组的AGI归因死亡率显著低于对照组(15.1%vs.36.2%,P=0.02),如表2所示。
表3、两组患者间的临床疗效比较
注:n1,n3,n7,n14分别代表第1天、第3天、第7天、第14天存活的病例数。
D-lac:D-乳酸;DAO:二胺氧化酶;LPS:脂多糖;MTL:胃动素;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子α。
表4、不同AGI分级的亚组中GIF评分和APACHE II评分的比较。
不良反应
在本发明中,除了脓毒症相关导致的死亡,两组中未发生不良反应。
以上结果显示,干预组的28天死亡率和AGI归因死亡率有显著改善,次要结果也同样得到改善,显示在脓毒症早期使用中药集束化治疗能够提高胃肠功能以及改善脓毒症并发AGI患者的临床预后。
D-lac一种是胃肠道中内源细菌的代谢物。严重的脓毒症,肠道内发生急性缺血/缺氧,导致肠黏膜通透性增加。由肠道细菌产生的D-lac能够通过损伤的黏膜进入血液循环。
DAO是一种高度活性的胞内酶,存在于哺乳动物肠道上皮细胞的细胞质中。DAO在外周血中是高度稳定的,并且是严重肠道压力或损伤的标记物。因此,血清DAO和D-lac水平能够指示肠黏膜屏障的完整性和损伤程度。
LPA是一种革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁的组分,并且能够在胃肠黏膜屏障功能被破坏时穿过肠壁进入血液循环。因此,LPS可以作为标记物来评价肠道屏障功能。
MTL是一种胃肠激素,由十二指肠和空肠上段黏膜中的M细胞分泌,并且能够促进胃肠蠕动。在危重病情况下,肠黏膜受到损伤,且M细胞的分泌功能逐渐丧失,导致MTL分泌和肠蠕动减少,或者甚至会发生肠麻痹。这进一步导致细菌的过度生长和移位,使危重病情加重。
TNF-α是由Th1细胞和活化的单核细胞/巨噬细胞分泌的促炎介质,并且它是是最为重要的多功能促炎细胞因子。已证实TNF-α能够增加肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)的表达,增加肠上皮细胞间的通透性,并通过诱导核转录因子的活化加重肠黏膜和肠上皮细胞的损伤和细胞凋亡。在本发明中,这些标记物为次要结果,并且发现它们在集束化治疗7天、14天后改善,但在第1天和第3天没有变化,表明集束化治疗对于这些参数的效果是渐进的。
随着治疗时间的增加,胃肠功能障碍逐渐改善。肠黏膜屏障得以恢复、通透性降低、细胞内毒素和炎症介质的释放同样降低。此外,胃肠蠕动得以改善,腹内压和胃酸分泌降低,这可能改善了脓毒症AGI。总的来说,干预组的改善优于对照组,表明中药集束化治疗在改善危重病的胃肠功能障碍方面具有优势。
APACHE II评分是指示重症疾病的严重性和预后的量化评分指数。较高的评分指示疾病更严重且预后较差,其广泛应用于ICU中。
GIF被视为可有效评估患者的预后。在本发明中,在中药集束化干预后,AGI II级和III级的患者的GIF评分和APACHE II评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预组中AGI IV级的患者的GIF评分与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但APACHE II评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,中药集束化治疗对改善轻度至中度的胃肠功能障碍有更好的疗效,在脓毒症的早期能够有效改善脓毒症并发AGI患者的生存率和胃肠功能标记物。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物选自由以下原料药组成的组:大黄、麻子仁、枳实、白芍、厚朴、苦杏仁、白蜜、芒硝、柴胡、枳壳、川芎、香附、陈皮、炙甘草、黄芪、人参、白术、当归、生姜、枣、升麻、吴茱萸和肉桂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,对于湿浊内蕴证,所述中药组合物以大黄、麻子仁、枳实、白芍、厚朴、苦杏仁和白蜜为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:大黄9份、麻子仁12份、枳实12份、白芍10份、厚朴10份、苦杏仁12份和白蜜6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,对于腑气不通证,所述中药组合物以枳实、厚朴、大黄和芒硝为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:枳实15份、厚朴20份、大黄10份和芒硝10份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的有效成分还包括附子、人参、干姜和甘草,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:枳实15份、厚朴20份、大黄10份、芒硝10份、附子15份、人参6份、干姜9份和甘草6份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,对于气滞血瘀证,所述中药组合物以柴胡、枳壳、川芎、白芍、香附、陈皮和炙甘草为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:柴胡12份、枳壳12份、川芎12份、白芍12份、香附12份、陈皮9份和炙甘草6份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,对于脾胃虚弱证,所述中药组合物以黄芪、人参、白术、当归、柴胡、生姜、枣、陈皮、升麻、炙甘草为有效成分,并按照下述重量份数原料组成:黄芪15份、人参15份、白术15份、当归15份、柴胡15份、生姜9份、枣9份、陈皮12份、升麻10份和炙甘草6份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物以吴茱萸和肉桂为有效成分,并以1:1的重量比组成。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物以煎剂的形式给药。
9.根据权利要求8所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述煎剂的制备方法为:称量原料药材,在煎药机中加水浸泡所述原料药材,将浸泡得到的混合物浓缩、称量、过滤并包装为煎剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物以穴位敷贴的形式给药。
11.根据权利要求10所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述穴位敷贴的制备方法为,将等量吴茱萸和肉桂研磨并与醋混合,施用到患者的穴位,遮盖并固定。
12.根据权利要求11所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述穴位为神阙穴。
13.根据权利要求1-7、9-12中任一项所述的中药组合物在制备治疗脓毒症急性胃肠损伤药物中的应用。
14.根据权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用包括将所述中药组合物制成煎剂,以鼻饲或灌肠方式给药,或者制成穴位敷贴。
15.根据权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于,鼻饲给药时,所述煎剂每天给药一次,分两个50mL剂量进行鼻饲。
16.根据权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于,灌肠方式给药时,所述煎剂每天给药一次,以100mL剂量进行灌肠,时间为10-15分钟。
17.根据权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于,穴位敷贴给药时,所述穴位敷贴每天给药一次,每次12小时。
18.根据权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于,所述中药组合物与针灸结合施用。
19.根据权利要求18所述的应用,其特征在于,所述针灸在足三里、上巨虚、下巨虚、天枢和中脘中的一个或多个穴位上进行。
20.根据权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用由多中心随机单盲对照试验评估疗效。
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