CN1073751A - 压力比响应卸载器 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
- F04C28/26—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
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Abstract
一种压力比响应阀用于在一涡旋压缩机内控制
向抽气旁通管的排气。该阀由抽气压力,排气压力和
一中间压力作用在其上。当压缩机运转达到一太高
的压力比时,该阀打开以向抽气旁通管排气。
Description
在涡旋压缩机中,封闭的体积是呈弓形的且限定在固定和旋转涡壳的涡卷件或单元及其端板之间。弓形延续约360°而同弓形体积的端部形成固定和旋转涡壳的涡卷件之间的切点或接触点。这些切点或接触点是瞬变或暂态的,因为随着封闭的体积逐渐减小,这些切点或接触点连续地向壳体的中心移动,直至暴露于出口处。由于封闭的体积减小,不断增加的压力作用在旋转涡壳的涡卷件和端板上,从而使旋转涡壳相对于固定涡壳作轴向和径向移动。
旋转涡壳离开固定涡壳的径向移动通过径向柔量来控制。偏心衬套、摆杆连接和滑块都被人们采用作为达到径向柔量控制的手段,但每一方法归根结蒂是依靠通过曲轴的转动产生的离心力,以保持壳体的密封接触。
离开固定涡壳的旋转涡壳的轴向移动产生一推力。旋转涡壳的重量、曲轴和转子可以是与推力相辅相成,也可以是对抗,或者对推力没有什么影响,这取决于压缩机是垂直的还是水平的,且如果是垂直的,电动机是在旋转涡壳的上方还是下方。而且最高的压力与最小的体积相对应,所以最大的推力载荷产生在旋转涡壳的中心部分,而且在一个较小的面积或区域上。推力将旋转涡壳推靠在曲轴上,产生大的可能的摩擦载荷和磨损。人们提出并使用了克服这种推力的多种方案,例如止推轴承和在旋转涡壳上施加流体压力反馈偏压。来自封闭的体积的输出压力和中间压力以及外压源被用于提供该反馈偏压。美国专利3,600,114;3,924,977和3,994,633揭示了利用一流体压力室来提供涡壳偏压力,这种方案对旋转涡壳提
供一偏压力,但在某些操作情况下以牺牲很大的净推力为代价。如上所述,高压集中在旋转涡壳的中央,但在一比较小的区域上。如果反馈偏压的区域与此类似,由于一部分推力位于反馈偏压径向向外,所以可能会倾斜。而且,随着在旋转涡壳的背面上的区域的增大,可能使反馈偏压大大超过推力。
根据系统所处的条件的不同,压缩机可处于种种不同的压力和温度条件之下。而随着操作压力和温度条件的不同,压缩机有可能在高于设计的压力比下运转。载荷的失去、冷凝器风扇的损坏、热泵处于极度状态都是有可能产生过高的压力比的,在高压力比下运转可引起旋转涡壳的过度的振动和可导致过度推力面磨损的高的输出温度。
本发明提供了对抽气旁通管的排放输出并且由一阀门加以控制,该阀通过中间压力以及作用在局部区域上中间压力以及的抽气和排气压力起作用。
本发明的一目的在于防止涡旋压缩机在超过设计的操作范围外的高压力比条件下运转。
本发明的另一目的在于限制涡旋压缩机可在过高压力比下运转的时间。后面将变得更为清楚的这些目的和其他目的,可由本发明来完成。
基本上来说,中间压力作用在局部区域阀上,以阻止对抽气旁通管的排气,一断路偏压由作用在局部区域上的输出压力提供,抽气压力也作用在局部区域上,但由于它作用在与中间压力相对的区域上,因此它仅用于决定局部作用在该区域上的净压力。
为了更完整地理解本发明,下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述:
图1为采用本发明的涡旋压缩机的部分垂直剖视图;
图2为采用本发明变型结构的涡旋压缩机的部分垂直剖视图;
和
图3为本发明阀的分解图。
在图1中,编号10表示一直立的低侧密封的涡旋压缩机,它包括一固定涡壳12和一旋转涡壳14。固定涡壳12包括一涡卷件(wrap)12-1,一与孔12-3形成液体连通的排气口12-2,一从中间压力区向孔12-5延伸的放气通道12-4,和一自孔12-3通向孔12-5的旁通管12-6。阀20位于孔12-5内。孔12-5由阀座22覆盖,阀座22具有一导向抽气系统18的口22-1。旋转涡壳14具有一涡卷件(wrap)14-1和一凸台14-2,该凸台通过滑块17与曲轴16可运转地连接。旋转涡壳14由曲轴箱26支承,并与之一起作用以形成轴向柔量的结构。
现参见图3,可以看到阀20具有一带有一槽20-2的第一圆柱部分20-1,该槽可容纳O型密封圈21。O型密封圈21位于放气通道12-4和旁通管12-6之间,它与孔12-5一起作用,以阻止两通道之间液体的连通。第一圆柱部分20-1有一环形面20-3(A3),第二圆柱部分20-4由此延伸。第二圆柱部分20-4具有一由孔20-6和环形面20-7(A2)形成的浅槽,环形面20-5环绕孔20-6,它位于阀座22之上。现参见图1,可以看到第一圆柱部分20-1有一由环形面20-8(A1)限定的端部。
在图1所示的装置的操作过程中,旋转涡壳14由电动机11通过曲轴16和滑块17驱动,并通过欧氏联轴节15控制而形成旋转运动。在旋转涡壳14由电动机11驱动的同时,涡卷件12-1和14-1共同作用,从抽气系统18中吸出气体,并压缩该气体,使之连续通过排气口12-2、孔12-3和排气管13进入排气系统19。炽热的压缩气体从排气系统19通过,至一冷却系统(图中未画出)。到此为止所描述的操作过程都是传统的操作过程。接着,来自压缩过程中中心点的压力通过通道14-3与一环形腔40连通,提供一轴
向柔量力。另外,来自压缩过程中一中心点的压力通过放气通道12-4与孔12-5连通,在该处压力作用在阀20的面20-8(A1)上,使环形面20-5抵靠在阀座22上,并围绕口22-1。O型圈21在阀20和孔12-5之间形成密封。孔12-3内的液体压力通过旁通管12-6在由O型圈21分开的20-8(A1)处与孔12-5连通。通过旁通管12-6通向孔12-5提供的液体压力作用在环形面20-3(A3)上,使阀20从阀座22移位。来自抽气系统18的抽气压力(Ps)通过阀口22-1通向孔20-6,并作用在面20-7(A2)上。当压缩机10在设计的范围内运转时,作用在面20-8(A1)上的中间压力(PI)与作用在面20-7(A2)上的抽气压力(Ps)一起足以使阀20位于阀座22上,与作用在面20-3(A3)上的排气压力(PD)相反,阻塞口22-1。面20-7(A2)和面20-3(A3)可选择得使阀20在一给定的操作压力比下打开,使气体旁路流至压缩机10的抽气系统18,以便有效地限制压缩机在高压比值下的运转。当PIA1=PDA3+PSA2时,或者当CPSA1=PDA3+PSA2时,阀20就会打开。后式中C为一常量,它是涡形几何形状和压缩过程中放气通道12-4位置的函数,或用另一种表示方法,即运转压力比= (PD)/(PS) = (CA1-A2)/(A3)
在任何压力比低于该比值的情况下,阀20仍关闭。因为它们只会使描述变得更复杂,而不会增加对本发明的理解,因此作用在环形面20-5上的压力和当阀20在阀座上时其横向压力梯度忽略不计,但在设计阀20时必须对它们进行考虑。
现参见图2,在图2中图1的装置略有改变,即将阀20定位于压缩机110的旋转涡壳114内的孔114-4中,使面20-8(A1)受到轴向柔量结构的背腔40中的中间压力(PI)。旁通管12-6由旁通管114-5代替,阀座22由具有阀口114-7的环形座114-6代替。阀口114-7通过114-8与抽气系统18连通。除了阀20的位置之外,
图2所示实施例的功能与图1所示实施例一样。来自轴向柔量腔40的中间压力,作用在阀20上,以提供一与作用在面20-3上的排气压力相抵的关闭偏压。当作用在面20-3(A3)上的排气压力(PD)足以使阀20移位时,存在一向抽气旁通管的排气,以使压缩机10/110卸载。在阀20打开后压力的动态平衡,打开的程度等等有可能不足以使压缩机10/110完全卸载。然而,为了使压缩机10/110内的由高到低的压力放出,热高压气体的旁通将保证电动机保护装置50迅速加热,并因此使压缩机10/110关闭。
虽然以上对本发明的最佳实施例进行了说明和描述,但对本技术领域的专业人员来说还可做出种种的变化。因此本发明并不限于实施例,本发明的范围只受在权利要求中所阐述的范围的限制。
Claims (5)
1、一种密封涡旋压缩机装置(10,110)的压力比响应卸载器,它包括一第一涡壳(12),一相对于所述第一涡壳旋转的第二涡壳(14)和一抽气系统(18),其特征在于:
还包括一具有阀口(22-1,114-7),与所述抽气系统流体连通的阀座(22,114-6);
阀装置(20);
向所述阀装置上的一第一面(20-3)提供排气压力以使所述阀装置发生位移的装置(12-6,114-5);
所述阀装置在一位于所述阀座上的第一位置和与所述阀座离开的第二位置之间移动,使流体在提供排气压力的所述装置和所述抽气系统之间连通;
向所述阀装置上的第二面(20-8)提供中间压力的装置(12-4;14-3,40),该第二面大于所述第一面,且位于第一面的相对一侧,中间压力使阀装置只要在对抽气压力的排气压力比保持低于所选值时就保持在阀座上。
2、如权利要求1所述的卸载器,其特征在于,所述阀装置位于所述第二涡壳内。
3、如权利要求2所述的卸载器,其特征在于,所述第二面暴露于一流体压力腔(40),该室向所述涡旋压缩机装置提供一轴向柔量结构。
4、如权利要求1所述的卸载器,其特征在于,所述阀装置位于所述第一涡壳内。
5、如权利要求1所述的卸载器,其特征在于,所述阀装置包括一孔(12-5),一密封地容纳于所述孔内的圆柱部分(20-1),一限定所述第二面的所述圆柱部分的第一端,一自所述圆柱部分的第二端延伸出来的圆柱部分(20-4),以形成一形成所述第一面的环形面(20-3),所述圆柱部分具有一在所述阀装置关闭时位于所述阀座上的端部(20-5)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US802,971 | 1991-12-06 | ||
US07/802,971 US5169294A (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1991-12-06 | Pressure ratio responsive unloader |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1073751A true CN1073751A (zh) | 1993-06-30 |
CN1028892C CN1028892C (zh) | 1995-06-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN92114297A Expired - Fee Related CN1028892C (zh) | 1991-12-06 | 1992-12-03 | 压力比响应卸载器 |
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US (1) | US5169294A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0545847B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2577169B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960009872B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1028892C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU650377B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2080877C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69208236T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW214578B (zh) |
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-
1991
- 1991-12-06 US US07/802,971 patent/US5169294A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-10-19 CA CA002080877A patent/CA2080877C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-21 TW TW081108379A patent/TW214578B/zh active
- 1992-10-22 DE DE69208236T patent/DE69208236T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-22 EP EP92630093A patent/EP0545847B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-11 KR KR1019920021071A patent/KR960009872B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-13 JP JP4302763A patent/JP2577169B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-03 CN CN92114297A patent/CN1028892C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-04 AU AU29923/92A patent/AU650377B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
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CN100443830C (zh) * | 2000-02-14 | 2008-12-17 | 日立空调系统株式会社 | 空调器、户外单元和制冷单元 |
CN106907322A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-30 | 上海日立电器有限公司 | 涡旋压缩机 |
CN106907322B (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-12-07 | 上海海立电器有限公司 | 涡旋压缩机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2080877C (en) | 1994-12-13 |
KR960009872B1 (ko) | 1996-07-24 |
TW214578B (zh) | 1993-10-11 |
US5169294A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
CA2080877A1 (en) | 1993-06-07 |
JPH05223070A (ja) | 1993-08-31 |
KR930013487A (ko) | 1993-07-22 |
AU650377B2 (en) | 1994-06-16 |
DE69208236T2 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
CN1028892C (zh) | 1995-06-14 |
JP2577169B2 (ja) | 1997-01-29 |
EP0545847B1 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
AU2992392A (en) | 1993-06-10 |
DE69208236D1 (de) | 1996-03-21 |
EP0545847A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
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