CN107373640A - 一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物及其制备方法。早餐包含多维复合豆浆粉、五谷饼干粉、鸡肉蛋白肽粉、香菇冻干粉、火龙果冻干粉、柑橘冻干粉、芝麻粉、微胶囊化亚麻籽油、花青素、番茄红素。午餐包含全蛋粉、米粉、西红柿冻干粉、西兰花冻干粉、苹果冻干粉、梨冻干粉、微胶囊化橄榄油、银杏冻干粉、黑木耳多糖、虾青素。晚餐包含松仁蛋白肽粉、土豆全粉、牛肉蛋白肽粉、胡萝卜冻干粉、红枣冻干粉、桂圆冻干粉、南瓜籽粉、微胶囊化葡萄籽油、大蒜粉、人参皂甙。本发明含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物及不饱和脂肪酸,并添加对心脑血管疾病有改善作用的功能因子,配方感官状态良好、患者易于接受,且对脑中风大有裨益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物的配方设计及其制备方法。
背景技术
脑中风患者常见的并发症之一就是吞咽功能障碍,国内报道其发生率为30%-50%,国外报道为51%-73%。相当一部分患者因为吞咽障碍而影响营养摄取, 误吸而导致呼吸性感染。
鼻饲法是通过鼻胃管将营养丰富的流质饮食或营养液、药物注入胃内或空肠内的方法。广泛应用于昏迷、危重、中风后意识丧失、口腔疾病、食道梗阻、厌食或疾病恢复期、肿瘤放化疗、糖尿病患者补充营养、老年卧床等不能自行或不能由口进食的患者,以达到治愈疾病、维持生命的目的,并有助于保持胃肠黏膜细胞结构功能的完整性。
鼻饲特膳要求精细、无渣、营养齐全、比例合适、便于制作成流食,且需要少食多餐,控制进餐流速。注意蛋白质以植物蛋白和动物蛋白相搭配,对维生素和无机盐也应给予适当的补充。老年卧床鼻饲患者基础疾病较多,总热量和蛋白质摄入不足,患者消化吸收减少,因其缺乏脂肪贮存而只能燃烧组织蛋白质以提供能量,而蛋白质自身合成也减少,可导致肌肉组织快速大量消耗,而变得消瘦。此外大部分卧床老年鼻饲患者合并感染,分解代谢增强,易患低蛋白血症。
脑中风患者每天需保证蛋白质摄入量90~110g,脂肪lOOg,碳水化物300g,总热能10.46MJ(2500kcal)。本发明以多种营养元科学搭配,并针对性添加有助脑中风患者恢复的功能因子,在补充营养的同时,更促进恢复健康。
发明内容
本发明的目在于提供一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物。本发明提供的适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物,每日分3份配方,含有以下原料:早餐:多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉、五谷饼干粉、鸡肉蛋白肽粉、香菇冻干粉、火龙果冻干粉、柑橘冻干粉、芝麻粉、微胶囊化亚麻籽油、花青素、番茄红素。午餐:全蛋粉、米粉、西红柿冻干粉、西兰花冻干粉、苹果冻干粉、梨冻干粉、微胶囊化橄榄油、银杏冻干粉、黑木耳多糖、虾青素。晚餐:松仁蛋白肽粉、土豆全粉、牛肉蛋白肽粉、胡萝卜冻干粉、红枣冻干粉、桂圆冻干粉、南瓜籽粉、微胶囊化葡萄籽油、大蒜粉、人参皂甙。
其特征在于,所含原料重量份优选为:早餐:多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉10~30份,五谷饼干粉10~30份,鸡肉蛋白肽粉15~25份,香菇冻干粉10~30份,火龙果冻干粉5~20份,柑橘冻干粉5~20份,芝麻粉2~10份,微胶囊化亚麻籽油2~20份,花青素0.1~0.5份、番茄红素0.1~0.5份。午餐:全蛋粉10~30份,米粉10~30份,西红柿冻干粉15~25份,西兰花冻干粉10~30份,苹果冻干粉5~20份,梨冻干粉5~20份,微胶囊化橄榄油2~20份,银杏冻干粉2~10份,黑木耳多糖0.1~0.5份,虾青素0.1~0.5份。晚餐:松仁蛋白肽粉10~30份,土豆全粉10~30份,牛肉蛋白肽粉15~25份,胡萝卜冻干粉10~30份,红枣冻干粉5~20份,桂圆冻干粉5~20份,南瓜籽粉2~10份,微胶囊化葡萄籽油2~20份,大蒜粉0.1~0.5份、人参皂甙0.1~0.5份。
本发明的组合物为粉剂。上述各种配料混合均匀,可保持其粉状,或经过造粒,制成粉状或颗粒状食品。
本发明还提供了上述组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配方称取上述物料。
(2)肉粉的制备:肉类分别洗净、切块、焯水去脏物、取出加入适量盐等调味料煮熟、加入少量水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过40-200目筛,备用。
(3)冻干蔬菜粉的制备:所有蔬菜分别洗净、块茎类蔬菜去皮、切块煮熟,加入少量调料水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过40-200目筛,备用。
(4)冻干果粉的制备:水果类洗净、匀浆、用绢布过滤,留取果汁;果渣按料液比1:3加水继续匀浆,用绢布过滤,弃掉果渣,合并两次果汁,采用真空低温浓缩技术将果汁浓缩至原体积的1/5,倾倒于不锈钢平托盘,低于-20℃冷冻,进行真空冷冻干燥,过40-200目筛,备用。
(5)混合:按照重量比接近的组分先混合,从重量比较小的部分逐级放大混合,于三维混合机中混合均匀。
(6)包装:用粉状自动包装机分装混好的物料,每袋一餐,一袋20~200g,早午晚三份餐包为一小盒,亦可7小盒包装为一大盒便于患者食用一周。
(7)每袋餐包加入200~300毫升温热水冲调成均匀糊装,即可用于鼻饲。
本发明提供的适用于脑中风病人的鼻饲营养组合物的特膳配方具有以下优点:
1、多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉+花青素+番茄红素
豆浆中所含的钙、镁元素,能明显地改善脑血流,降低脑血脂,从而有效的防止脑梗塞、脑出血的发生。豆浆中所含的卵磷脂,还能减少脑细胞死亡,提高脑功能,适合脑中风患者饮用。添加多种维生素、矿物质易于人体吸收,保证每日营养均衡。
花青素属酚类化合物中的类黄酮类,为水溶性色素,具有强效抗氧化及清除自由基能力。花青素的抗氧化性能比VE高50 倍,比VC高20 倍。花青素还具有抗突变和抗癌功能。
番茄红素不仅具有抗癌抑癌的功效,而且对于预防心血管疾病、动脉硬化、增强人体免疫系统以及延缓衰老等都具有重要意义
2、银杏冻干粉+黑木耳多糖+虾青素
食用银杏果可以抑菌杀菌、降低血清胆固醇、脂质过氧化水平,消除血管壁上的沉积成分,改善血液流变性,增进红细胞的变形能力,降低血液粘稠度,使血流通畅,可预防和治疗脑出血和脑梗塞。
黑木耳多糖是从木耳中提取的多糖成分,具有降血脂、降低胆固醇、抗血栓形成、降血糖、提高免疫力、保护组织受损的功效。
虾青素来自于被称为红球藻衣的微藻类,是一种天然的类胡萝卜素。经营养学家证实,虾青素可以跨越从血液到大脑的屏障,对大脑、中枢神经系统可起到保护作用,提高身体耐力,降低肌肉受损的风险,并具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、预防心脑血管疾病、抑制炎症细胞因子、改善胃部健康、缓解幽门螺杆菌引发的感染或炎症的作用。
3、松仁蛋白肽+人参皂甙+大蒜粉
松仁中富含蛋白质、碳水化合物并含有多种维生素,还有其它植物中所没有的皮诺敛酸等,经常食用可预防心脏病,降低血脂,软化血管。松仁蛋白肽提取自红松种子,以蛋白酶水解制得,松仁中氨基酸较为齐全,并且人体必需氨基酸含量较一般植物蛋白高。松仁中的谷氨酸含量最高,达16.3%,在临床上谷氨酸可降低血氨,用于治疗脑血管障碍等引起的记忆、语言障碍等,并能养心安神。松仁蛋白经酶水解功效增强且更易吸收。
人参特别是人参皂甙Rb2能改善血脂,降低血中胆固醇、甘油三酯、升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,降低动脉硬化指数,对于高脂血症、血栓症和动脉硬化有治疗价值。
大蒜粉能增加肉的香味,且消炎杀菌,据流行病学调查研究发现,还能够降低心血管疾病死亡率,起到降血脂、降血压、降血糖、促进血液循环、消除疲劳、恢复体力的作用。
4、本发明特点是以蛋白粉类:如多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉、全蛋粉、鸡肉蛋白肽粉、松仁蛋白冻干粉、米粉、牛肉蛋白肽粉为主料,辅以香菇冻干粉、西红柿冻干粉、西兰花冻干粉、土豆全粉、胡萝卜冻干粉和多种水果如火龙果、苹果、红枣、柑橘、梨、桂圆冻干粉,以及各种有助于改善脑中风症状的功能因子,如花青素、番茄红素、黑木耳多糖、虾青素、茶多酚、植物甾醇、松仁蛋白肽、人参皂甙、大蒜粉等,相互搭配具有协同增效的作用。上述原料能够满足脑中风患者对六大营养物质的基本需求,并补充各种功能因子及多不饱和脂肪酸,可促进溶栓、降血脂,改善脑中风患者症状、提高免疫力、促进恢复健康。
5、本发明每餐配方中所选水果注意寒性、热性的搭配,利于人体健康平衡。且甄选水果均针对脑中风特点,如火龙果果实中的花青素含量较高,能起到明显抗氧化作用,有效防止血管硬化,从而阻止心脏病发作和血凝块形成引起的脑中风。柑橘中维生素C的含量高,能软化血管,降血脂,减少胆固醇吸收,抗动脉粥样硬化,且其所含的果胶能帮助身体尽快排泄废物、脂类及胆固醇。苹果有补脑养血、宁神安眠、调节情绪的作用,且苹果和梨中都富含膳食纤维,可帮助降低胆固醇含量,并防止便秘。红枣中的黄酮类化合物,有镇静降血压的作用。桂圆性温味甘,益心脾,补气血,可治疗病后体弱或脑力衰退,晚间服用红枣、桂圆协同增效,安神助眠。
6、具有营养物组成种类丰富、便于冲调、风味优良、容易消化吸收、易于通过鼻饲方式饲喂患者等特点。
7、本品可用于危重昏迷、具有吞咽困难、口腔疾病等不能自行或不能由口进食的患者,以达到治愈疾病、维持生命的目的,并有助于保持胃肠黏膜细胞结构功能的完整。
8、在营养组合物制备过程中,采用真空低温浓缩技术和真空冷冻干燥技术,使原材料中营养物质得到充分保留。
9、本发明的营养组合物配方搭配合理、功效明显、适用于鼻饲病人的同时,也适用于直接口服代餐,用于脑中风等心脑血管疾病的防治。
10、工艺简单易行、适合规模化工业生产,需求量大,应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅是对技术方案的具体描述,并非是对技术方案的限制。凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1:
1、配方组成:低蛋白型
早餐:多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉10份,五谷饼干粉30份,鸡肉蛋白肽粉10份,香菇冻干粉14份,火龙果冻干粉10份,柑橘冻干粉5份,芝麻粉5份,微胶囊化亚麻籽油15份,花青素0.5份、番茄红素0.5份。午餐:全蛋粉10份,米粉30份,西红柿冻干粉10份,西兰花冻干粉14份,苹果冻干粉10份,梨冻干粉5份,银杏冻干粉5份,微胶囊化橄榄油15份,黑木耳多糖0.5份,虾青素0.5份。晚餐:松仁蛋白肽粉10份,土豆全粉30份,牛肉蛋白肽粉10份,胡萝卜冻干粉14份,红枣冻干粉10份,桂圆冻干粉5份,南瓜籽粉5份,微胶囊化葡萄籽油15份,大蒜粉0.5份、人参皂甙0.5份。
2、制备方法:
(1)按照配方称取上述物料。
(2)肉粉的制备:肉类分别洗净、切块、焯水去脏物、取出加入适量盐等调味料煮熟、加入少量水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过100目筛,备用。
(3)菜粉的制备:所有蔬菜分别洗净、块茎类蔬菜去皮、切块煮熟,加入少量调料水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过100目筛,备用。
(4)果粉的制备:水果类洗净、匀浆、用绢布过滤,留取果汁;果渣按料液比1:3加水继续匀浆,用绢布过滤,弃掉果渣,合并两次果汁,采用真空低温浓缩技术将果汁浓缩至原体积的1/5,倾倒于不锈钢平托盘,低于-20℃冷冻,进行真空冷冻干燥,过100目筛,备用。
(5)混合:按照重量比接近的组分先混合,从重量比较小的部分逐级放大混合,于三维混合机中混合均匀。
(6)包装:用粉状自动包装机分装混好的物料,每袋100g。
实施例2:
1、配方组成:高蛋白型
早餐:多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉30份,五谷饼干粉10份,鸡肉蛋白肽粉20份,香菇冻干粉10份,火龙果冻干粉5份,柑橘冻干粉5份,芝麻粉5份,微胶囊化亚麻籽油14份,花青素0.5份、番茄红素0.5份。午餐:全蛋粉30份,米粉10份,西红柿冻干粉20份,西兰花冻干粉10份,苹果冻干粉5份,梨冻干粉5份,微胶囊化橄榄油14份,银杏冻干粉5份,黑木耳多糖0.5份,虾青素0.5份。晚餐:松仁蛋白肽粉30份,土豆全粉10份,牛肉蛋白肽粉20份,胡萝卜冻干粉10份,红枣冻干粉5份,桂圆冻干粉5份,南瓜籽粉5份,微胶囊化葡萄籽油14份,大蒜粉0.5份、人参皂甙0.5份。
2、制备方法:
(1)按照配方称取上述物料。
(2)肉粉的制备:肉类分别洗净、切块、焯水去脏物、取出加入适量盐等调味料煮熟、加入少量水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过60目筛,备用。
(3)菜粉的制备:所有蔬菜分别洗净、块茎类蔬菜去皮、切块煮熟,加入少量调料水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过100目筛,备用。
(4)果粉的制备:水果类洗净、匀浆、用绢布过滤,留取果汁;果渣按料液比1:3加水继续匀浆,用绢布过滤,弃掉果渣,合并两次果汁,采用真空低温浓缩技术将果汁浓缩至原体积的1/5,倾倒于不锈钢平托盘,低于-20℃冷冻,进行真空冷冻干燥,过100目筛,备用。
(5)混合:按照重量比接近的组分先混合,从重量比较小的部分逐级放大混合,于三维混合机中混合均匀。
(6)包装:用粉状自动包装机分装混好的物料,每袋100g。
Claims (8)
1.一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日三餐营养组合物,其特征在于,所述的营养组合物每日共有三份独立配方,其制备原料组分中包含有植物或动物蛋白质、碳水化合物、富含多不饱和脂肪酸的植物油脂(微胶囊化)、坚果、水果、蔬菜冻干粉及多种功能因子。
2.如权利要求1中所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,以每餐100份重量计,所述复合配方应以以下原料加工而成:早餐:多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉10~30份,五谷饼干粉10~30份,鸡肉蛋白肽粉15~25份,香菇冻干粉10~30份,火龙果冻干粉5~20份,柑橘冻干粉5~20份,芝麻粉2~10份,微胶囊化亚麻籽油2~20份,花青素0.1~0.5份、番茄红素0.1~0.5份。午餐:全蛋粉10~30份,米粉10~30份,西红柿冻干粉15~25份,西兰花冻干粉10~30份,苹果冻干粉5~20份,梨冻干粉5~20份,微胶囊化橄榄油2~20份,银杏冻干粉2~10份,黑木耳多糖0.1~0.5份,虾青素0.1~0.5份。晚餐:松仁蛋白肽粉10~30份,土豆全粉10~30份,牛肉蛋白肽粉15~25份,胡萝卜冻干粉10~30份,红枣冻干粉5~20份,桂圆冻干粉5~20份,南瓜籽粉2~10份,微胶囊化葡萄籽油2~20份,大蒜粉0.1~0.5份、人参皂甙0.1~0.5份。
3.如权利要求2中所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,鸡肉、牛肉蛋白肽由胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶水解得到。
4.如权利要求2中所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,功能因子包含:花青素、番茄红素、虾青素、大蒜粉、人参皂甙为市售保健品。黑木耳多糖、松仁蛋白肽为哈尔滨工业大学极端环境营养与防护研究所制备。
5.如权利要求2中所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,多种维生素矿物质豆浆粉为市售豆浆粉,按科学配比加入维生素A、B1、B2、B6、B12、C、D、E、β-胡萝卜素、叶酸、烟酰胺、葡萄糖酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸锌、铬酵母等。
6.如权利要求2中所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,五谷饼干粉为市售五谷饼干,需含有大米、小米、燕麦、薏米、黑米等,经高速粉碎机粉碎,配制使用。
7.一套适用于脑中风病人鼻饲的一日五餐营养组合物,其特征在于,所述制备方法步骤如下:
(1)按照配方称取上述物料。
(2)肉粉的制备:肉类分别洗净、切块、焯水去脏物、取出加入适量盐等调味料煮熟、加入少量水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过40-200目筛,备用。
(3)冻干蔬菜粉的制备:所有蔬菜分别洗净、块茎类蔬菜去皮、切块煮熟,加入少量调料水匀浆成泥,真空冻干,过40-200目筛,备用。
(4)冻干果粉的制备:水果类洗净、匀浆、用绢布过滤,留取果汁;果渣按料液比1:3加水继续匀浆,用绢布过滤,弃掉果渣,合并两次果汁,采用真空低温浓缩技术将果汁浓缩至原体积的1/5,倾倒于不锈钢平托盘,低于-20℃冷冻,进行真空冷冻干燥,过40-200目筛,备用。
(5)混合:按照重量比接近的组分先混合,从重量比较小的部分逐级放大混合,于三维混合机中混合均匀。
(6)包装:用粉状自动包装机分装混好的物料,每袋一餐,一袋20~80g,早午晚三份餐包为一小盒,亦可7小盒包装为一大盒便于患者食用一周。
8.每袋餐包加入200~300毫升温热水冲调成均匀糊状,即可用于鼻饲。
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