CN107367578A - A kind of method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern - Google Patents
A kind of method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern, and three dimensional-planting-breeding system is divided into two subsystems, and the key position for linking two subsystems is link position 1 and link position 2；In the growth cycle of raise crop, link position 1 and the water for linking position 2 are sampled, respectively the nitrogen in measure water, phosphorus, the concentration of potassium；Meanwhile nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in each organ of crop are measured to each organ of crop；Then in crop cycle, the total difference of nutrient of water should be equal with the value in certain confidential interval of total nutrient content during crop harvesting, can be only achieved the sustainable cyclic balance of nutrient in system.This method can determine the crop species of suitable water planting and combination in breeding combination system, and the regulation and control to nutrient in system are realized by the monitoring to cultivation water nutrient, it is applied to so as to select crop under the conditions of suitable different aquacultures and crop combination and nutrient Regulation technology in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern.
Background technology
New aquaculture has become three-dimensional composite plant and cultivation water with the three dimensional-planting-breeding combination system that vegetables couple
The common three-dimensional optimization breeding system recycled, utilizes the cultivation water of eutrophication caused by aquaculture within the system
Moisture as crop supports body, so as to realize that multi-level absorption of the crop to nutrient in cultivation water intercepts.These are three-dimensional
The method that cultivating system employs solid growth realizes water body purification or improves the reasonable utilization of resource, has and saves sky
Between, the significance of abundant cropping pattern, and improve economic benefit on the whole, computer had also combined in some systems
The control automated realizes the processing to become more meticulous.But this new three dimensional-planting-breeding system is faced, although now
The three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern of diversified aquaculture and crop coupling is explored, but it is this new without the method evaluation of science
Whether the breeding system of type can reach long-term sustainable circulation.
The condition of one breeding system sustainable operation is that whether are environmental physicses condition in system and nutrient status
Life condition biological in system is disclosure satisfy that, on the premise of environmental condition is met（Mainly include illumination, temperature, humidity, water
Middle dissolved oxygen condition, that is, it is easy to regulate and control by artificial apparatus）, nutrient status is exactly to determine the whether sustainable pass of a system
Key., it is necessary to which the key condition met is that aquaculture water will expire in the three dimensional-planting-breeding system that wherein aquaculture couples with crop
The nutrient demand of raise crop in pedal system, so have to be evaluated for Nutrient Cycling situation in three dimensional-planting-breeding system,
So as to judge whether conditions above meets, if system if meeting can in the state of good continuous service.If condition is unsatisfactory for,
The crop cultivated in certain nutrient or replacing system is required supplementation with, to realize the regulation and control to condition.
Now there are some researches show, different plant during root is to water under the conditions of the water planting efficiency of Nutrient Absorption be different.
So, to the measure of Nutrient Absorption contribution rate in circulating water body, it can be selected by determining different plants in three dimensional-planting-breeding system
Go out suitable for different three dimensional-planting-breeding combination systems, the three dimensional-planting-breeding combination of the sustainable circulation of suitable system, so as in production
With directive significance.Meanwhile different fish need different water environments and fish meal to meet its growth, face in aquaculture
To diversified culture environment of aquatic products, the nutrient situation in aquaculture water is also more complicated.Existing technology is solely
Solid growth is realized in terms of breeding combination, can not but grasp the circulation law of nutrient in stereo circulating system exactly,
So as to ignore important function of the regulation and control of nutrient for the sustainable operation of system, it is unfavorable for each in three dimensional-planting-breeding combination system
The rationalization of the species utilization of resources over time and space, while also it is unfavorable for the diversified of the system and the exploitation deeply changed profit
With.
The content of the invention
To overcome ignoring for the sustainable circulatory problems in the cultivating system of existing three dimensional-planting-breeding combination to nutrient, exist not
The problems such as different biologies are to system Nutrient Cycling contribution rate can be distinguished, the present invention provides nutrient in a kind of evaluation three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern
The method of recurrent state, so as to provide foundation for the sustainable circulation of three dimensional-planting-breeding system nutrient.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal：A kind of method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern,
By following each step：
（1）The three dimensional-planting-breeding system that aquaculture to be evaluated couples with crop is divided into two subsystems, first, raise crop
Subsystem, second, aquaculture subsystem；Linking the key position of two subsystems includes two, first, by aquaculture subsystem
System is recycled into the link position 1 of raise crop subsystem, second, being recycled into aquaculture subsystem by raise crop subsystem
The link position 2 of system；
（2）In the growth cycle S of raise crop, point n times sample to the water at link position 1 and link position 2, survey respectively
Determine nitrogen in water, phosphorus, the concentration of potassium；Meanwhile to each organ of crop carry out sampling 1 time, respectively determine each organ of crop in nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium content；And then evaluate and the recirculated water of arable farming subsystem is recycled to by aquaculture subsystem whether disclosure satisfy that work
The needs of plant growth in thing cultivation subsystem；
For nutrient as medium circulate and occurs to change, the input of nutrient mainly passes through aquaculture subsystem in the system
System, the i.e. addition of feed are realized.The output of nutrient is then mainly realized by the harvest of raise crop subsystem.Raise crop
The water of the medium cultivated in the water and aquaculture subsystem of the medium cultivated in subsystem is certain, and is entirely
The driving of system is controlled by a dynamical system, then the flow system flow in the unit interval at link position 1 and link position 2
（F）, i.e. water-carrying capacity is identical, while the medium circulation in the system can keep balancing.
In certain time interval T, the water that raise crop subsystem is flowed to by aquaculture subsystem is T × F, by raise crop
It is also T × F that it is same, which to flow to aquaculture subsystem, for subsystem, although the exchange of two systems water is within the unit interval
Identical, but due to absorption of the raise crop subsystem to nutrient in cultivation water, then the nutrient of the water entered from link position 1
The nutrient density that concentration ratio flows out from link position 2 will height.Assuming that the concentration of one of which nutrient is entering raise crop subsystem
Concentration before system is C1, and the concentration for going out aquaculture subsystem is C2, then the nutrient that cultivation system absorbs in certain time interval T is total
Measure as T × F × C1-T × F × C2=T × F (C1-C2), the amount of nutrients that unit interval intra subsystem absorbs is T × F × (C1-
C2)/T=F×(C1-C2).Due to being cultivated after the speed difference and feed input of each stage Nutrient Absorption in arable farming
The speed of nutrients release is different in water, so should measure link position 1 in different stage samplings, link the concentration at position 2.It is false
The whole growth cycle for being provided as thing is S, at tie point（Including link position 1 and link position 2）Sampling number is n times, N=S/7
（Once in a week）, crop sampling number is 1 time.The time of water sampling is fixed, and in the morning 10:00 or so is sampled, such as
There are multiple linking points in one system of fruit, then should at least sample and average, support in the present system at 3 linking points
Divide the macronutrient for mainly determining plant growth（Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium）.
The result surveyed is as shown in the table：
Difference nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition concentration mensuration at the tie point of table 1
The crop organ's nutrient of table 2 determines
Wherein N% refers to the total N content of each organ, and P% is the total P content of each organ, and K% is the total K contents of each organ；
（3）To step（2）Acquired results judge whether the nutrient in system can be held according to following nutrient balance formula
It is continuous effectively to circulate：
For the nitrogen nutrient in system：
The total difference Nc of nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 should be with the total nutrient content of crop harvesting
Nh is equal, i.e.,：
The total difference of nitrogen nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 is NH4 +- N, NO3- N nutrients are dense
Degree total difference be respectively：
NH4 +- N total nutrient content difference=F ×（Ca1(1)-Ca2(1)）+F×（Ca1(2)-Ca2(2)）+……+F×（Ca1(N)-Ca2(N)）
NO3- N total nutrient content difference=F ×（Cn1(1)–Cn2(1)）+F×（Cn1(2)–Cn2(2)）+……+F×（Cn1(N)–Cn2(N)）
Then the total difference of nitrogen nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 is：
Nc=[F×（Ca1(1)-Ca2(1)）+F×（Ca1(2)-Ca2(2)）+……+F×（Ca1(N)-Ca2(N)）]+[F×（Cn1(1)–Cn2(1)）
+F×（Cn1(2)–Cn2(2)）+……+F×（Cn1(N)–Cn2(N)）]
Then total nutrient content Nh during crop harvesting is root biomass U, and nitrogen nutrient contains in each organs of Leaf biomass L fruit biomass H
Measuring total amount is respectively：
Total root portion N nutrients are=U × N%
Total leaf portion divides N nutrients for=L × N%
Total fruit parts N nutrients are=H × N%
Then the total nutrient content in crop harvesting is：
Nh=U×N%+L×N%+H×N%
Then in crop cycle S, S × Nc should be equal with the value in the certain confidential intervals of Nh, i.e. and S × Nc ~ [95%Nh, 105%
Nh], it can be only achieved the sustainable cyclic balance of nutrient in system；
Judge for the Efficient Cycle of other two kinds of nutrient phosphorus in system and potassium identical with nitrogen nutrient.
The step（1）Raise crop subsystem include cultivation main body（Crop）, cultivation carrier（Cultivate bed）, cultivation
Medium（The cultivation water of arable farming subsystem is recycled to by aquaculture subsystem）.
The step（1）Aquaculture subsystem include cultivation main body（Fish）, cultivation carrier（Culture pond）, cultivation medium
（By arable farming subsystem circulating reflux to the recirculated water in aquaculture subsystem）.
Step（3）In, when S × Nc is more than or less than confidential interval, all illustrate that the nitrogen nutrient in whole system does not reach
To sustainable circulation condition, it is necessary to certain regulation measure.
When S × Nc is more than Nh, illustrates incomplete absorption of the crop to nitrogen nutrient in water, nitrogen nutrient in whole system can be caused
Surplus, this can influence water quality in aquatic products subsystem, can be by adjusting the species of long-term cropping so as to influence fish growth（For example,
More crop is absorbed to nitrogen）Or by adding nitrogen processing unit in crop subsystem（For example, the water purification of addition nitrobacteria
Device）To adjust nitrogen nutrient superfluous in water body.When T × Nc is less than Nh, illustrate in aquatic products subsystem caused nitrogen nutrient without
Method meets the normal growth of crop, can be by adjusting the species of long-term cropping（For example, less crop is absorbed to nitrogen）Or pass through
Artificial supplementation nitrogen nutrient（For example, sprinkling blade face nitrogenous fertilizer）To solve the problems, such as nitrogen nutrient deficiency in system.
The advantages of present invention possesses：This method is capable of detecting when in breeding combination system that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are supported in aquaculture water
Point content and different crops and crop combination to the uptake of nutrient in water body, so that it is determined that in breeding combination system suitably
The crop species of water planting and combination, and by realizing the regulation and control to nutrient in system to the monitoring of cultivation water nutrient, so as to select
Select out the crop under the conditions of suitable different aquacultures and crop combination and nutrient Regulation technology be applied in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern,
Theory support is provided for new plant breeding model.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is step of the present invention（1）System subdivision schematic diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
The system combined using multilayer vegetable growing bed in the farm of city with conventional food fish three dimensional-planting-breeding is right as evaluation object
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the circulatory condition of potassium nutrition are evaluated in system：
The system can realize multi-level absorption, interception of the vegetables to liquid manure, farthest eliminate eutrophication cultivation water in nitrogen,
The nutriments such as phosphorus, water body is reached recycling backflow supply after purification requires and breed fish water.It is new by animals and plants in constructing system
Type food chain, turns waste into wealth, and is recycled the liquid manure in system, realizes that breeding combines, whole system production cycle
High density, high yield, water-saving fertilizer-saving and zero-emission are realized in journey.
Ecological Greenhouse breeding system includes middle vegetables flake and aquaculture area.Operating platform bottom is fish culture
Pond, cultivate bed for multilayer above operating platform and individual layer cultivate bed, wherein multilayer cultivation bed is 4 layers, individual layer cultivation bed surface product with
Multilayer cultivation bed surface product is equal.During system operation, 22.0-29.0 DEG C of environment temperature, relative humidity 45%-85%, temperature of cultivation
21.0-23.0 DEG C, pH value 6.5-7.5, flow system flow 100ml/s of degree.In the system, the crop of growing availability includes：It is hollow
Dish, romaine lettuce, pakchoi, leek, wherein, the crop of individual layer cultivation bed plantation is monocrop, and multilayer cultivates the crop of bed plantation
It can be any combination of four kinds of crops（In this example, it is the combination of four kinds of vegetables）.The fish of system cultivation are supported for mixing
Grow including：Crucian, carp and grass carp.The growth cycle of raise crop is 42 days, and crop sampling is set 1 time, to linking the He of position 1
The sampling number that the water at link position 2 is sampled is 42 days/7=6 times.
（1）The three dimensional-planting-breeding system that aquaculture to be evaluated couples with crop is divided into two subsystems, first, cultivation
Crop subsystem, second, aquaculture subsystem（As shown in the figure）；Linking the key position of two subsystems includes two, when
The link position 1 of raise crop subsystem is recycled into by aquaculture subsystem（As shown in the figure）, second, by raise crop
System circulation enters the link position 2 of aquaculture subsystem；
（2）In growth cycle S=42 day of raise crop, point 6 water to link position 1 and link position 2 samples,
Nitrogen in measure water, phosphorus, the concentration of potassium respectively；Meanwhile sampling 1 time is carried out to each organ of crop, each organ of crop is determined respectively
In nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content；And then evaluate and the recirculated water of arable farming subsystem is recycled to by aquaculture subsystem whether can
Meet the needs of plant growth in arable farming subsystem；
The result surveyed is as shown in the table：（It is described in detail with phosphorus content）
The individual layer implant bed of table 3（Crop is water spinach）The measure of phosphorus nutrient density at tie point（mg/kg）
Individual layer implant bed（Crop is water spinach）, cultivate bed, nutrient difference of the P nutrients at two tie points in 42 days for totally 10
=42 days × 24h × 3600s × 100ml/s × 10 bed × (0.557-0.547+0.615-0.459+0.711-0.634+0.731-
0.403+0.715-0.48+0.706-0.492)=3.70kg
The individual layer implant bed of table 4（Crop is romaine lettuce）The measure of phosphorus nutrient density at tie point（mg/kg）
Individual layer implant bed（Crop is romaine lettuce）, totally 10 cultivation beds, nutrient difference of the P nutrients at two tie points in 42 days=
42 days × 24h × 3600s × 100ml/s × 10 bed × (0.557-0.521+0.615-0.507+0.711-0.614+0.731-
0.653+0.715-0.46+0.706-0.581)=2.54kg
The individual layer implant bed of table 5（Crop is pakchoi）The measure of phosphorus nutrient density at tie point（mg/kg）
Individual layer implant bed（Crop is pakchoi）, cultivate bed, nutrient difference of the P nutrients at two tie points in 42 days for totally 10
=42 days × 24h × 3600s × 100ml/s × 10 bed × (0.557-0.543+0.615-0.514+0.711-0.624+0.731-
0.451+0.715-0352+0.706-0.451)=3.99kg
The individual layer implant bed of table 6（Crop is leek）Difference nitrogen, phosphorus, the measure of potassium nutrition concentration at tie point（mg/kg）
Individual layer implant bed（Crop is leek）, totally 10 cultivation beds, nutrient difference of the P nutrients at two tie points in 42 days=
42 days × 24h × 3600s × 100ml/s × 10 bed × (0.557-0.517+0.615-0.542+0.711-0.634+0.731-
0.566+0.715-0.491+0.706-0.657)=2.28kg
The multilayer planting bed of table 7（Crop is four kinds of vegetable combinations）The sampling of phosphorus nutrient density at tie point（mg/kg）
Multilayer planting bed（Crop is four kinds of vegetable combinations）, cultivate bed for totally 10, P nutrients supporting at two tie points in 42 days
Divide difference=42 day × 24h × 3600s × 100ml/s × 10 bed × (0.557-0.536+0.615-0.67+0.711-0.603+
0.731-0.623+0.715-0.652+0.706-0.601)=1.27kg
The crop organ's nutrient of table 8 determines
Then at 42 days, the total nutrient content of crop harvesting was：
The total nutrient amount of water spinach is：1977×0.13%+354×0.29%=3.60kg
The total nutrient amount of romaine lettuce is：894×0.23%+117×0.68%=2.85kg
The total nutrient amount of pakchoi is：2067×0.10%+201×0.13%=2.33kg
The total nutrient amount of leek is：1173×0.13%+126×0.29%=1.90kg
The total nutrient amount of vegetable combination is：1542×0.13%+222×0.29%=2.61kg
（3）The confidential interval relation of the total nutrient content of culture bed phosphorus nutrient difference total amount and crop harvesting is：
Pc（Water spinach）=3.70~[3.42,3.78]
Pc（Romaine lettuce）=2.54 ￠ [2.71,2.99]
Pc（Pakchoi）=3.99 ￠ [2.21,2.45]
Pc（Leek）=2.28 ￠ [1.81,2.00]
Pc（Vegetable combination）=1.27 ￠ [2.48,2.74]
Similarly, the confidential interval relation of the total nutrient content of the culture bed nitrogen nutrient difference total amount of the system and crop harvesting is：
Nc（Water spinach）=24.26~[23.03,25.45]
Nc（Romaine lettuce）=26.78 ￠ [36.69,40.55]
Nc（Pakchoi）=19.42 ￠ [16.59,18.33]
Nc（Leek）=26.85 ￠ [22.21,24.55]
Nc（Vegetable combination）=15.61 ￠ [17.59,19.45]
The culture bed potassium nutrition difference total amount of the system and the confidential interval relation of the total nutrient content of crop harvesting are：
Kc（Water spinach）=2.30~[2.21,2.45]
Kc（Romaine lettuce）=1.58 ￠ [1.15,1.27]
Kc（Pakchoi）=2.86~[2.76,3.05]
Kc（Leek）=2.97 ￠ [2.43,2.69]
Kc（Vegetable combination）=1.98 ￠ [2.35,2.59]
Drawn by comparing, the vegetable variety for being adapted to this system is water spinach.When culture bed nutrient difference total amount is less than vegetables
During Varieties Nutrient content confidential interval, illustrate that the nutrient that the planting patterns is taken away from aquaculture subsystem is insufficient, it is unnecessary
Nutrient can constantly accumulate and circulate into aquaculture subsystem, so as to cause the nutrient of aquaculture subsystem constantly to be accumulated,
So as to influence the growth conditions of fish in aquaculture subsystem in whole system.
When culture bed nutrient difference total amount is less than vegetable variety nutrient content confidential interval, illustrate the planting patterns from water
The nutrient taken away in production cultivation subsystem is excessive, nutrient in system can be caused fewer and fewer, so as to influence raise crop subsystem
The deficiency of middle crop nutrition content, so as to influence the growth conditions of vegetables in whole system.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. method for evaluating Nutrient Cycling state in three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern, it is characterised in that pass through following each step：（1）The three dimensional-planting-breeding system that aquaculture to be evaluated couples with crop is divided into two subsystems, first, raise crop Subsystem, second, aquaculture subsystem；Linking the key position of two subsystems includes two, first, by aquaculture subsystem System is recycled into the link position 1 of raise crop subsystem, second, being recycled into aquaculture subsystem by raise crop subsystem The link position 2 of system；（2）In the growth cycle S of raise crop, point n times sample to the water at link position 1 and link position 2, survey respectively Determine nitrogen in water, phosphorus, the concentration of potassium；Meanwhile to each organ of crop carry out sampling 1 time, respectively determine each organ of crop in nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium content；The result surveyed is as shown in the table：Difference nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition concentration mensuration at the tie point of table 1The crop organ's nutrient of table 2 determinesWherein N% refers to the total N content of each organ, and P% is the total P content of each organ, and K% is the total K contents of each organ；（3）To step（2）Acquired results judge whether the nutrient in system can be held according to following nutrient balance formula It is continuous effectively to circulate：For the nitrogen nutrient in system：The total difference Nc of nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 should be with the total nutrient content of crop harvesting Nh is equal, i.e.,：The total difference of nitrogen nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 is NH4 +- N, NO3- N nutrients are dense Degree total difference be respectively：NH4 +- N total nutrient content difference=F ×（Ca1(1)-Ca2(1)）+F×（Ca1(2)-Ca2(2)）+……+F×（Ca1(N)-Ca2(N)）NO3- N total nutrient content difference=F ×（Cn1(1)–Cn2(1)）+F×（Cn1(2)–Cn2(2)）+……+F×（Cn1(N)–Cn2(N)）Then the total difference of nitrogen nutrient at crop cycle S internal chainings position 1 and link position 2 is：Nc=[F×（Ca1(1)-Ca2(1)）+F×（Ca1(2)-Ca2(2)）+……+F×（Ca1(N)-Ca2(N)）]+[F×（Cn1(1)–Cn2(1)）+ F×（Cn1(2)–Cn2(2)）+……+F×（Cn1(N)–Cn2(N)）]Then total nutrient content Nh during crop harvesting is root biomass U, and nitrogen nutrient contains in each organs of Leaf biomass L fruit biomass H Measuring total amount is respectively：Total root portion N nutrients are=U × N%Total leaf portion divides N nutrients for=L × N%Total fruit parts N nutrients are=H × N%Then the total nutrient content in crop harvesting is：Nh=U×N%+L×N%+H×N%Then in crop cycle S, S × Nc should be equal with the value in the certain confidential intervals of Nh, i.e. and S × Nc ~ [95%Nh, 105% Nh], it can be only achieved the sustainable cyclic balance of nutrient in system；Judge for the Efficient Cycle of other two kinds of nutrient phosphorus in system and potassium identical with nitrogen nutrient.
- 2. the method for Nutrient Cycling state in evaluation three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Step（1）Raise crop subsystem include cultivation main body, cultivation carrier, cultivation medium.
- 3. the method for Nutrient Cycling state in evaluation three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Step（1）Aquaculture subsystem include cultivation main body, cultivation carrier, cultivation medium.
- 4. the method for Nutrient Cycling state in evaluation three dimensional-planting-breeding pattern according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Step（2）N times in N=S/7.
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