CN103340141A - Light organic matrix preparation method for strawberry cultivation frame and matching fertilizing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a light organic matrix preparation method for a strawberry cultivation frame and a matching fertilizing method. The light organic matrix preparation method for the strawberry cultivation frame comprises the steps: mushroom dregs and vinegar residue matrix are mixed, wherein the volume ratio of the mushroom dregs and the vinegar residue matrixes is 3:2, the mixed material is stirred circularly, water is sprayed on the mixed material, the mixed material stands, and finally light organic matrix is obtained, wherein the volume weight of the light organic matrix is 0.25-0.28g/cm<3>, the total porosity of the light organic matrix is 65-79%, the content of available potassium is 9.8-10.2g/kg, the content of available nitrogen is 0.9-1.0g/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 0.29-0.32g/kg, the EC value of the light organic matrix is 1.0-1.3mS/cm, and the PH value of the light organic matrix is 6.7-7.0. By means of a matching fertilizing technology in the cultivation process of strawberries, 42.4kg strawberries can be harvested in total on one cultivation frame unit which occupies a 6 m<3> area place, the yield of the strawberries is increased greatly, and the light organic matrix preparation method and the matching fertilizing method can be applied to strawberry cultivation.

Description

A kind of strawberry frame planting light organic substrate preparation and supporting fertilization method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency protected agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a protected cultivation substrate and a matching fertilization technology in the cultivation process.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's efficient agriculture, the cultivation of strawberries, known as the "Queen of Fruits", has been further promoted throughout the country. At present, my country's planting scale has exceeded 120,000 hectares, with a total output of about 2 million tons and an annual export of more than 100,000 tons of strawberries. It has become the world's largest strawberry production, processing and exporting country. However, in terms of planting methods, my country still mostly uses traditional open field or vertical cultivation in sheds, which has serious obstacles to continuous cropping and cannot meet the requirements of clean production. As a result, the yield and quality are lower than those of traditional strawberry production in the United States, Japan and Italy. big country. Therefore, how to increase and improve the yield and quality of strawberries and realize the upgrading of the strawberry industry has become one of the current research hotspots of agricultural workers in our country. Among them, soilless three-dimensional cultivation of strawberries has become an effective way to achieve the above goals, and related matrix formula patents are also constantly being disclosed. Most of these published formulas are compounded with materials such as vermiculite, perlite, peat, peat, mushroom dregs, various animal manure, plant ash, and vinegar grains. Among these materials, peat and peat are mainly produced in the Northeast, which not only have limited resources, but also have high transportation costs; it is difficult to thoroughly decompose and sterilize all kinds of animal manure, and cannot meet the clean production requirements of direct raw fruits; and vermiculite, perlite, etc. The material has almost no nutrient supply capacity. Furthermore, these disclosed formulas not only do not consider the characteristics of strawberry's own fertilizer requirement, the characteristics of fertilizer supply of each component of the substrate and the complementary characteristics of nutrients, but also do not provide a fertilization technology in the cultivation process that matches the disclosed substrate.

This patent will use a large number of local vinegar industry and edible fungus production organic waste vinegar residues and mushroom residues, according to their respective physical and chemical properties and nutrient levels, combined with the characteristics of strawberry fertilizer requirements, to compound organic substrates suitable for high-yield cultivation of strawberries. And provide the fertilization technology in the cultivation process matched with this substrate.

The vinegar grains used in this patent are organic substrates of vinegar grains successfully developed by our research group and Zhenjiang Hengshun Vinegar Industry through years of cooperation, and the mushroom residues are straw mushroom residue substrates provided by Jiangsu Danyang Jiangnan Edible Fungi Co., Ltd. The above two substrates are rich in organic matter and nitrogen and potassium nutrients. The test shows that the content of available potassium in mushroom residue and vinegar residue is as high as 11.2 g/kg and 9.1 g/kg respectively, and the content of available nitrogen is as high as 1.2 g/kg and 0.8 g/kg respectively. Strawberry, on the other hand, pays more attention to potassium and nitrogen fertilizers during the whole growth period, especially in the full fruit period, the absorption of potassium fertilizer is higher, while the absorption of phosphorus is relatively low. Therefore, the conventional fertilization principles of strawberries mostly use phosphorus fertilizers as base fertilizers, while nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are used as both base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers.

From the nutrient composition and content of the above two substrates and the characteristics of strawberry fertilizer requirements, it can be known that vinegar residue and mushroom residue can be used as a cultivation substrate for strawberries alone, and both are production wastes of edible products. They are clean and safe, and can meet the requirements of clean strawberry production. needs. However, the pH of the base of vinegar residue is mostly around 6.0, the pH of the base of mushroom dregs is mostly between 7.5-7.8, and strawberries are only suitable for growing in neutral or slightly acidic soil environments. Therefore, the pH shows that both are not suitable as strawberries alone Cultivation substrate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a light organic substrate for strawberry rack planting and supporting fertilization, prepare a light substrate suitable for strawberry rack planting, and provide supporting fertilization technology to implement clean production of strawberry cultivation, thereby realizing the improvement of strawberry yield and quality Improve and improve.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is based on the nutrient characteristics of industrial and agricultural waste vinegar grains and mushroom residues, the acid-base level, and the fertilizer-requiring characteristics of strawberries, and adjusts the pH by compounding in a specific proportion to prepare a composite substrate suitable for strawberry growth. And according to the nutrient status of the substrate and the characteristics of fertilizer requirement of strawberry in the whole growth period, a matching fertilization technology in the growth process of strawberry is proposed. Choose mushroom dregs and vinegar grains as raw materials, optimize the volume ratio of the formula, so that the pH of the composite matrix after compounding is between 6.7 and 7.0, and the final volume ratio of mushroom dregs and vinegar grains is 3:2. The specific technology The scheme is as follows:

A method for preparing a light-weight organic substrate for strawberry trellising, which is characterized in that: take mushroom dregs and vinegar residues according to a volume ratio of 3:2 and mix them to obtain a composite substrate, sprinkle water while stirring, fully mix well, and sprinkle water on the composite substrate The maximum water holding capacity is 70-80%. After stacking, the film shall be left to stand for 1-2 days, and then the previous stirring, watering and standing shall be repeated to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the composite matrix are uniform and stable, especially the pH value. The pH is between 6.7-7.0, and finally a light organic matrix is prepared.

The physical and chemical indicators of the light organic matrix are: bulk density of 0.25-0.28g/cm ³ , total porosity of 65-70%, available potassium content of 9.8-10.2g/kg, available nitrogen content of 0.9-1.0g/cm kg, the available phosphorus content is 0.29-0.32 g/kg, the EC value is 1.0-1.3mS/cm, and the pH value is 6.7-7.0.

The mushroom dregs substrate is prepared from straw mushroom cultivation waste, the contents of available potassium and available nitrogen are 11.2 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg respectively, and the pH is between 7.5-7.8; the vinegar dregs substrate is made of vinegar The content of available potassium and available nitrogen is 9.1 g/kg and 0.8/kg, respectively, and the pH is 6.0.

The uniform and stable light-duty organic substrate is directly placed on the cultivation frame, or stored after natural air-drying.

The supporting fertilization method when utilizing the described strawberry frame planting light-duty organic substrate to cultivate strawberries is characterized in that: when the strawberries enter the flowering period, the weekly spraying mass concentration is 0.5% urea solution and 1.0% potassium sulfate solution each once; Entering the full fruit period, spray 0.5% urea solution and 1.5% potassium sulfate solution once a week to meet the large absorption of potassium and nitrogen in this growth stage of strawberries.

The invention has beneficial effects .

The light-weight organic substrate for strawberry rack cultivation disclosed by the present invention not only has high nutrient content, but also has a nutrient composition that is extremely in line with the fertilizer requirements of strawberries, and has a small bulk density. .

According to the invention, the light-weight organic substrate for strawberry rack cultivation is drawn from the production waste of condiments and food. Compared with other types of substrate materials, it is clean and safe. It can not only effectively overcome the continuous cropping obstacles in the traditional strawberry cultivation process, but also meet the requirements of raw strawberry cultivation. Cleaner production requirements for fruit strawberries, thereby increasing the yield and quality of strawberries, effectively promoting the industrial upgrading of the strawberry industry.

The proposal of fertilization technology in the strawberry cultivation process matched with the substrate is highly targeted, which not only ensures the nutrient requirements for high-yield strawberry cultivation, but also improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers.

The innovation of the present invention lies in: based on the characteristics of strawberry fertilizer requirements and the nutrient characteristics and acid-base balance of different matrix components, the raw materials of the composite matrix are screened, and supplemented by supporting fertilization techniques, fully satisfying the nutrient requirements of strawberries throughout the growth period .

Detailed ways

The implementation site is in the Venlo-type multi-span glass greenhouse of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute of Jiangsu University. The cultivation frame unit is composed of a steel frame and PVC pipes supported by it. Layer 1 trough, 6m long, 1.0m wide at the base of the cultivation frame. Each planting frame unit covers an area of 6m ² . The upper opening of the PVC pipe is 10cm to fill the substrate and cultivate strawberries.

In mid-August 2012, the purchased straw mushroom residue matrix and vinegar residue matrix were mixed uniformly and sprinkled with water at a volume ratio of 3:2. After the maximum water holding capacity of the composite matrix reached 75%, they were piled up and covered with film for 2 Days later, turn it over again, sprinkle water once, and after covering the film to stand still, it is measured that the bulk density of the composite matrix is 0.26g/cm ³ , the total porosity is 68.6%, the content of available potassium is 10.12g/kg, and the content of available nitrogen in organic matter content is 0.95g/kg. Available phosphorus content is 0.31 g/kg, EC value is 1.08mS/cm, and pH value is 6.8. The composite matrix is naturally air-dried and stored for shelf cultivation.

In mid-September, the composite matrix was again sprinkled with water and then stirred, sprinkled with water to 60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the composite matrix, and put on the shelves, and the matrix was filled to 70% of the total capacity of the PVC cultivation tank. Then, the strawberries of the red-cheek variety in the early stage of flower bud differentiation are cultivated in the groove, the roots are shallow and the heart is not buried deep, and the new stems are arched out of the groove so that the later fruits hang on both sides of the groove. One row is planted in each slot, the distance between plants is 25cm, and a total of 120 strawberries are planted in each cultivation frame unit. Water thoroughly after planting to ensure survival.

In November, when strawberries enter the flowering period, spray urea solution with a mass concentration of 0.5% and potassium sulfate solution with a mass concentration of 1.0% once a week; % urea solution and 1.5% potassium sulfate solution once each; other cultivation management measures refer to conventional strawberry high-yield cultivation techniques.

Harvest at the right time, record the yield continuously, and finally cover an area of 6 m ³ cultivation frame unit to produce a total of 42.4kg of fresh strawberry fruit, and the average fresh fruit yield per plant is about 353.3g.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing a light organic substrate for strawberry frame planting, characterized in that: take mushroom dregs and vinegar residues according to a volume ratio of 3:2 and mix them to obtain a composite substrate, sprinkle water while stirring, fully mix well, and sprinkle water until The maximum water holding capacity of the composite matrix is 70-80%. After stacking, the film shall be left to stand for 1-2 days; repeat the previous stirring, watering and standing to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the composite matrix are uniform and stable, especially the pH value. Consistent, and the pH is between 6.7-7.0, and finally a light organic substrate is prepared; put the uniform and stable light organic substrate directly on the cultivation frame, or store it after natural air-drying. 2. A method for preparing a light organic substrate for strawberry trellising as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the physical and chemical indicators of the light organic substrate are: a bulk density of 0.25-0.28g/cm ³ and a total porosity of 65 -70%, available potassium content is 9.8-10.2g/kg, available nitrogen content is 0.9-1.0g/kg, available phosphorus content is 0.29-0.32 g/kg, EC value is 1.0-1.3mS/cm. 3. A method for preparing a light organic substrate for strawberry trellis cultivation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the mushroom dregs substrate is prepared from straw mushroom cultivation waste, and the contents of available potassium and available nitrogen are respectively 11.2 g/ kg and 1.2g/kg, pH between 7.5-7.8; the described vinegar grains matrix is prepared from waste vinegar grains in the vinegar industry, and its available potassium and available nitrogen contents are respectively 9.1 g/kg and 0.8/kg, and the pH is 6.0. 4. The supporting fertilization method when utilizing the described strawberry frame planting light-duty organic substrate to cultivate strawberries, it is characterized in that: when the strawberries enter the flowering period, the weekly spraying mass concentration is 0.5% urea solution and 1.0% potassium sulfate solution each once ; When entering the full fruit period, spray a mass concentration of 0.5% urea solution and 1.5% potassium sulfate solution once a week to meet the large absorption of potassium and nitrogen in this growth stage of strawberries.