CN107360907B - High-efficiency control method for rust disease of wild rice stem - Google Patents
High-efficiency control method for rust disease of wild rice stem Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-efficiency method for preventing and treating rust disease of wild rice stem comprises the steps of spraying an anti-rust agent on weeds mainly including alopecurus on ridges around the wild rice stem and gall midges on leaves of the wild rice stem from a sprouting stage to a tillering stage of a wild rice stem plant to kill gall midge larvae of the wild rice stem, blocking a transmission path of the rust disease through the gall midge of the wild rice stem, and improving the prevention and treatment effect by combining conventional rust disease prevention and treatment measures. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the purpose of killing gall midge of the water bamboo and improving the rust prevention and control effect is achieved, the occurrence of rust of the water bamboo field is reduced, the yield and the economic benefit of the water bamboo are improved, the income of water bamboo farmers is promoted, the actual use effect is good, and the popularization is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a high-efficiency prevention and control method for rust disease of wild rice shoots.
Background
Zizania latifolia is a perennial aquatic herbaceous plant, belongs to the family of Gramineae, and is one of the important aquatic vegetables in China. Zizania latifolia is mainly planted in Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. After the water bamboo is planted in a large area, the problem of plant diseases and insect pests is prominent, particularly, the diseases are difficult to control, the loss is larger, and rust disease is the most common and extremely serious disease of the water bamboo.
Zizania latifolia rust is caused by Monilia coronaria (Uromyces coronatus Miyabe et Nishida exDietel). This name was obtained because the shape of the tip of its winter spore resembles that of a crown (the Latin language "coronatus" is a crown). The disease is mainly harmful to leaves and leaf sheaths, and orange-red raised small blister spots, namely summer sporophyte, are scattered on the leaves and the leaf sheaths in the early stage of the disease, and rust yellow powdery summer spores are scattered after the summer sporophyte is broken. As the number of infestations increased, elongated to long spindle rust yellow blotches developed with yellow halos at the edges. A large number of disease spots cause withering and necrosis of leaves, reduce photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves and seriously affect yield. Black blotches appear on leaves and leaf sheaths in the later period, namely pathogen teliospora, and subcuticular teliospora is black powder, has a large amount of teliospores and is not easy to break. The rust disease of the water bamboo mainly takes winter spores to overwinter on diseased residues, the winter spores germinate to generate basidiospores during the growth period of the water bamboo next year, the basidiospores are spread to the water bamboo field by airflow to be used as an initial infection source, and summer sporophyte piles generated on infected disease parts are used as a secondary infection source and an inoculum to be continuously infected to cause diseases. Temperature and humidity are the main environmental factors affecting the germination and infestation of the Puccinia latifolia. In spring, under the humid environment condition, the average temperature is above 14 ℃, and the method is suitable for the germination and infection of pathogenic bacteria. The initial lesion is generated 10 to 12 days after infection. The initial stage of the disease appears in the middle late 4 months, 4-9 months are the main occurrence period of the rust, different varieties are different, and the rust is favored to occur in continuous rainy days in the plum rainy period and high-temperature rainy days in summer and autumn.
At present, the conventional method for efficiently preventing and treating the rust of the wild rice stem comprises the following steps: firstly, spraying a rust disease prevention and control agent on the leaf surfaces before and after the disease occurs to prevent or kill pathogenic bacteria; and secondly, the method helps to cut stubble of the cane shoots in winter, balance fertilization, clear yellow leaves, diseased leaves and the like to reduce disease sources. The control method is popularized and used for years, a certain effect is achieved in production, in recent years, rust is gradually increased, and in order to improve the rust control effect, the wild rice stem grower also continuously improves the use times and the use amount of pesticides, has more and more threats to the environment and the product safety, and is unable to enter the development direction of controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and ensuring the safety of agricultural products and agricultural ecological environment with the whole society.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a new method, which reduces rust by controlling a rust transmission medium Zizania latifolia gall midge, reduces the usage amount of pesticide and improves the control effect.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the high-efficiency prevention and control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem comprises the following steps:
firstly, spraying 1200 times of 80% dichlorvos missible oil and 1000 times of 25% triazolone wettable powder to weeds on ridges around the wild rice stem in the germination and seedling stage of the wild rice stem, namely in the last ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, so as to prevent gall and rust of the wild rice stem, which occur on the weeds, and reduce the transfer damage of diseases and insects in weeds around the field to wild rice stem plants;
secondly, spraying 1000 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder on the water bamboo plant in the early tillering stage of the water bamboo, namely 3 to 4 months, so as to prevent rust;
and thirdly, in the middle and later tillering stages, the double-cropping water bamboo is 4 middle and last days, the single-cropping water bamboo is harvested in two years in the first 4 middle and 5 middle days, when gall and rust disease occur on plants, 80% dipterex crystal 800-fold liquid and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 2000-fold liquid are sprayed on leaves, the gall and the rust disease of the water bamboo are simultaneously prevented and treated, and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed by combining balanced fertilization, so that the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced.
The weeds in the first step are the myrtle.
According to the high-efficiency rust prevention and control method for the water bamboo, a new insect pest which is beneficial to rust transmission, namely gall midge, hereinafter called water bamboo gall midge, is found on the water bamboo, and the new insect pest is obviously different from the rice gall midge which is reported in the past and occurs on the water bamboo. The wild rice stem gall midge is generated for multiple generations in one year, the wild rice stem is in the sprouting and seedling stage in the early spring, the damage of the gall midge larva on weeds such as wheat looking girls and the like at the edge of the field is realized, the larva is seen to be distributed on leaves and leaf sheaths of the wild rice stem plants in the field from the middle ten days of 4 months, the body length of the larva is 1-2 mm, the color is red, the chewing mouthparts are large, the back of the leaves are generated in the early stage of the plant growth, and a large amount of the larva is generated on the leaves and the leaf sheaths in the middle and. Most of the mature larvae grow white thin cocoon-shaped pupae at the junction of the leaf veins and the leaves on the back of the leaves, and lay eggs after eclosion.
The Zizania latifolia gall midge takes the rust spores generated by the rust of Zizania latifolia as the larvae, the larvae need to climb on the leaves to find food sources frequently, and in the climbing process, the larvae are quickly diffused, infected and spread on plants through the rust spores adhered to the body surface and excrement containing the rust spores.
The wild rice stem gall midge larvae eat rust spores to reduce the number of the rust spores, and seems to inhibit rust, but in actual production, under the condition that the occurrence degree of rust of plants is consistent, the rust of the plants generated by the wild rice stem gall midge spreads faster, and the occurrence degree of the rust is obviously slowed down after the wild rice stem gall midge is prevented and controlled. The gall midge larvae feed on rust spores and do not effectively reduce rust disease, and may feed in a smaller amount than the rust disease, which is not enough to affect the spread of rust disease. And the larvae crawl on the leaves, so that the rust spores adhered to the body surfaces of the larvae and the rust spores contained in the excrement can quickly and closely contact the orifices on the leaves, the rust infection effect is greatly improved, and the propagation speed of rust is accelerated.
Therefore, the Zizania latifolia gall midge is a path for rust disease transmission, and the occurrence of rust disease can be inhibited by controlling the Zizania latifolia gall midge. The conventional rust prevention and control method only starts from the killing of rust pathogenic bacteria, does not consider the transmission path of rust through Zizania latifolia gall midge, and cannot obtain good prevention and control effect.
The invention reduces the rust transmission way by controlling the occurrence of the gall midge of the wild rice stem and combines the conventional rust prevention and control method, thereby greatly improving the rust prevention and control effect, reducing the using amount of pesticide in the wild rice stem field and improving the yield and income of the wild rice stem farmer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the high-efficiency prevention and control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem, provided by the invention, the propagation path of the rust disease through gall midge is blocked by killing the weeds in the field and gall midge on the wild rice stem plant, and meanwhile, the conventional rust disease prevention and control method is combined, so that the rust disease prevention and control effect is improved, the occurrence of the rust disease of the wild rice stem is reduced, the reduction of pesticides and the increase of income of farmers are realized, the actual use effect is good, and the popularization is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the high-efficiency prevention and control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem comprises the following steps:
step one, in the germination and seedling stage of the wild rice shoots, in late 2 months, weeds on ridges around the wild rice shoots are sprayed with 80% of dichlorvos missible oil 1200 times liquid and 25% of triazolone wettable powder 1000 times liquid, gall midges and rust diseases of the wild rice shoots on the weeds are prevented, and the transfer damage of diseases and insects in weeds at the field sides to wild rice shoots plants is reduced;
secondly, spraying 1000 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder on a water bamboo plant in 3-month middle ten days at the early tillering stage of the water bamboo to prevent rust disease;
and thirdly, in the middle and later tillering stages, the double-cropping water bamboo is 4 middle-aged ten days, the single-cropping water bamboo is harvested in two years in the first 4 lower-aged ten days, when gall midges and rust diseases occur on plants, 80% dipterex crystal 800-fold liquid and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 2000-fold liquid are sprayed on leaves, the gall midges and the rust diseases of the water bamboo are simultaneously prevented and treated, and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed by combining balanced fertilization, so that the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced.
The weeds in the first step are the myrtle.
Example two:
the high-efficiency prevention and control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem comprises the following steps:
step one, in the germination and seedling stage of the wild rice shoots, in late 2 months, weeds on ridges around the wild rice shoots are sprayed with 80% of dichlorvos missible oil 1200 times liquid and 25% of triazolone wettable powder 1000 times liquid, gall midges and rust diseases of the wild rice shoots on the weeds are prevented, and the transfer damage of diseases and insects in weeds at the field sides to wild rice shoots plants is reduced;
secondly, spraying 1000 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder on the water bamboo plant in late 3 months at the early tillering stage of the water bamboo to prevent rust;
and thirdly, in the middle and later tillering stages, the double-cropping water bamboo is 4-month middle ten days, the single-cropping water bamboo is 5-month upper ten days in a two-harvest mode, when gall midges and rust diseases occur on plants, 80% trichlorfon crystal 800-fold liquid and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 2000-fold liquid are sprayed on leaves, the gall midges and the rust diseases of the water bamboo are simultaneously prevented and treated, and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed by combining balanced fertilization, so that the occurrence of the diseases and the pests is reduced.
The weeds in the first step are the myrtle.
Example three:
the high-efficiency prevention and control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem comprises the following steps:
step one, in the germination stage and the seedling stage of the wild rice shoots, in the last 3 th ten days, weeds are applied to ridges around the wild rice shoots, 80% dichlorvos missible oil 1200-time liquid and 25% triazolone wettable powder 1000-time liquid are sprayed, gall midge and rust disease of the wild rice shoots occurring on the weeds are prevented, and the transfer damage of diseases and insects in weeds at the field sides to wild rice shoots plants is reduced;
secondly, spraying 1000 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder on the water bamboo plant in late 3 months at the early tillering stage of the water bamboo to prevent rust;
and thirdly, in the middle and later tillering stages, the double-cropping water bamboo is in the late 4-month ten-day period, the single-cropping water bamboo is in the first 5-month ten-day period in a one-year two-harvest mode, when gall midges and rust diseases occur on plants, 80% trichlorfon crystal 800-fold liquid and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 2000-fold liquid are sprayed on leaves, the gall midges and the rust diseases of the water bamboo are simultaneously prevented and treated, and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed by combining balanced fertilization, so that the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced.
The weeds in the first step are the myrtle.
The first crop of the single-cropping water bamboo field and the double-cropping water bamboo field which are harvested twice in one year by the three-proofing treatment of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment of the invention are respectively selected, and compared with the control effect of the rust disease of the water bamboo in the conventional water bamboo field sprayed with the bactericide and the water bamboo field not treated at all, the control results are as follows:
comparison of rust control effects of single-cropping water bamboo and two-cropping water bamboo with first crop in one year
Comparison of rust control effects of double-cropping water cane in water cane field
The rust disease index calculation method comprises the following steps:
a diagonal five-point sampling method is adopted, 20 plants are fixedly investigated at each point, and 300 leaves are obtained in total. And recording the total leaf number, the diseased leaf number and the disease severity according to the 0-8 grade grading standard, and calculating the disease index.
The disease lobe rate:
the percentage of the number of the investigated diseased leaves to the total number of investigated leaves.
Severity:
severity refers to the ratio of the area of the lesion hyphae layer covering the leaf to the total area of the leaf, expressed by a grading method, and is expressed by 8 grades, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, and the severity is lower than 1% for the disease between grades, although the disease has already occurred, and is expressed as 1%. And (4) recording the average severity of the diseased leaves of the group of leaves according to the following formula.
Wherein: d is the average severity (%) of diseased leaves, di is the grade of each severity, li is the number of diseased leaves at each stage, and L is the total number of diseased leaves to be investigated.
Disease index:
the following formula was used for calculation:
I＝F×D×100
wherein: i is disease index, F is disease lobe rate, and D is average severity of disease lobes.
As can be seen from the table, the disease index of the rust of the water bamboo field treated by the three proofings in the first, second and third embodiments of the invention is far smaller than that of the water bamboo field sprayed with the conventional bactericide and the water bamboo field not treated at all, and the water bamboo rust control effect is good.
The embodiment of the invention has the characteristics that: by killing gall midges on weeds in fields and water bamboo plants, blocking the transmission way of rust through the gall midges and combining with the conventional rust prevention and control method, the rust prevention and control effect is improved, the rust of the water bamboo fields is reduced, the reduction of pesticides and the income increase of farmers are realized, the actual use effect is good, and the popularization is facilitated.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A high-efficiency control method for rust of wild rice shoots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in the germination and seedling stage of the wild rice shoots, namely the period from 2 late ten days to 3 early days, 80 percent dichlorvos missible oil 1200 times liquid and 25 percent triazolone wettable powder 1000 times liquid are sprayed on weeds on ridges around the wild rice shoots, gall midges and rust diseases of the wild rice shoots on the weeds are prevented, and the transfer damage of diseases and insects in weeds at the edges of the fields to wild rice shoots plants is reduced;
(2) spraying 1000 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder solution on a water bamboo plant at the early tillering stage of the water bamboo, namely in the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, so as to prevent rust disease;
(3) in the middle and later tillering stages of the water bamboo, the double-cropping water bamboo is 4 middle and last days, the first crop of the single-cropping water bamboo in a two-harvest mode is 4 middle and 5 middle days, when gall and rust disease occur on plants, 80% dipterex crystal 800-fold liquid and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 2000-fold liquid are sprayed on leaves, the gall and rust disease of the water bamboo are simultaneously prevented and treated, and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed by combining balanced fertilization, so that the occurrence of disease and insect is reduced.
2. The efficient control method for the rust disease of the wild rice stem according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weeds in the step (1) are the myrtle.
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| CN102523865A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Dry-wet Zizania latifolia culturing method for prolonging refrigerator refreshing period of double-cropping autumn Zizania latifolia |
| CN103262721A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-08-28 | 桐乡市董家茭白专业合作社 | Cultivation and production method for double-season wild rice stem |
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