CN107360907A - The efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust - Google Patents
The efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360907A CN107360907A CN201710706930.2A CN201710706930A CN107360907A CN 107360907 A CN107360907 A CN 107360907A CN 201710706930 A CN201710706930 A CN 201710706930A CN 107360907 A CN107360907 A CN 107360907A
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- wild rice
- rice stem
- rust
- cecidomyiia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
A kind of efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, in wild rice stem plant budding period to tillering stage, counterpart insecticide is sprayed to the weeds based on amur foxtail, the cecidomyiia on cane shoots leaves on the ridge of hay field periphery, kill wild rice stem cecidomyiia larva, block route of transmission of the rust by wild rice stem cecidomyiia, with reference to the rust prophylactico-therapeutic measures of routine, prevention effect is improved.The invention has the advantages that：Realize by killing wild rice stem cecidomyiia, improve the purpose of rust prevention effect, reduce the generation of hay field rust, improve Water Bamboo Yield and economic benefit, promote hay agriculture to increase income, practical effect is good, beneficial to popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, more particularly to a kind of efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust.
Background technology
Wild rice stem is perennial aquatic herbaceous plant, belongs to grass family, is one of important aquatic vegetable in China.Wild rice stem plantation master
Zhejiang of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi etc. is concentrated on to save.After the plantation of wild rice stem large area,
Pest and disease damage outstanding problem, be more difficult to prevent and treat with disease especially, caused by lose it is bigger, rust be exactly occur in wild rice stem disease it is the most general
One kind extremely heavy all over, harm.
Wild rice stem rust is by hat monospore rest fungus (Uromyces coronatus Miyabe et Nishida ex
Dietel) cause.Because the form on its teleutospore top is similar to imperial crown, and obtain this name (Latin language " coronatus " is imperial crown).
The disease mainly causes harm blade and leaf sheath, early stage scattered Chinese red protuberance phlycten spot, i.e. uredospore on blade and leaf sheath
Heap, after uredium rupture, the uredospore for the rust yellow powder that sheds.With quantity increase is infected, narrow is produced to long shuttle
Shape rust yellow blister spot, edge has yellow halo.Substantial amounts of scab causes blade withered, downright bad, reduces leaf photosynthesis efficiency, sternly
Ghost image rings yield.There is black blister spot, i.e. germ teleutosorus on blade and leaf sheath in later stage, and teleutosorus is in black under epidermis
It is powdered, there is substantial amounts of teleutospore, be generally not easily broken.Wild rice stem rust is mainly survived the winter with teleutospore on invalid body, and next year exists
Wild rice stem growth period, teliospore germination produce basidiospore, and basidiospore travels to wild rice stem field as primary source of infection by means of air-flow, infected
Afterwards in sick portion caused uredium constantly infected as source of infection and inoculum again it is pathogenic.Temperature and humidity is to influence wild rice stem
The essential environmental factors that rest fungus sprouts and infected.Spring, temperature on average was suitable for more than 14 DEG C under the environmental condition of humidity
Pathogen sprouts and infected.Initial scab is produced after infecting latter 10~12 days.Disease initial phase appears in early and middle ten dayses in April, 4~
September is that the phase mainly occurs for rust, and difference, continuous more overcast and rainy, the summer and autumn high temperature and rainy weather of bai-u rainy period are advantageous to different cultivars
Rust occurs.
At present, the conventional efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust are as follows：First, in the medicine of foliage-spray control rust before and after onset
Agent, prevention or killing pathogen；Second, auxiliary cuts hay pier stubble with winter, balance fertilizing, remove the modes such as yellow leaf, sick leaf and reduce
Pathogeny.Above prevention and controls have been promoted the use of for many years, and certain effect is achieved in production, but in recent years, rust has
Gradually aggravate trend, to improve rust prevention effect, hay agriculture also with improving constantly Pesticide use number and dosage, to environment and
The threat of product safety is also increasing, makes great efforts control agricultural non-point source pollution with the whole society, it is ensured that agricultural product and Agro-ecology ring
The developing direction of border safety is incompatible with.
The content of the invention
The invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, there is provided a kind of new method, by controlling rust to propagate
Medium wild rice stem cecidomyiia, mitigate rust, reduce Pesticide use amount, improve prevention effect.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem uses：This efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, including it is as follows
Step：
The first step, during wild rice stem rudiment, Seedling Stage, that is, late Febuary~early March, on the surrounding ridge of hay field
Weeds spray 80% DDT EC, 1200 times of liquid and add 25% trazodone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, occur in controlling weeds
Wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust, reduce the disease pest in the weeds of field side and shifted to wild rice stem plant and endangered；
Second step, in wild rice stem tiller early stage, that is, mid-March~early April, it is gloomy to spray for 80% generation on wild rice stem plant
1000 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder, prevent rust；
3rd step, in the tiller middle and later periods, double season hay summer hays are mid or late April, and it is 4 that single cropping hay, which receives first batch of pattern for 1 year two,
In the middle of the month~mid-May, when thering is on plant cecidomyiia and the rust to occur, 80% metrifonate crystal, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on blade and are added
10% 2000 times of Difenoconazole water dispersion granule liquid, wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, with reference to balance fertilizing,
Yellow leaf, sick leaf are removed, reduces disease pest.
Weeds in the first step are amur foxtail.
The efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust of the present invention, a kind of new insect pest for contributing to rust to propagate is found on wild rice stem,
Namely cecidomyiia, hereinafter referred to as wild rice stem cecidomyiia, there is significant difference with the pachydiplosis oryzae occurred on wild rice stem reported in the past.Wild rice stem cecidomyiia
More generations occur within 1 year, early spring wild rice stem rudiment, Seedling Stage, wild rice stem cecidomyiia larva endangers on the weeds such as the amur foxtail on field side, to April
Early and middle ten dayses, field start to see that larva is distributed on wild rice stem plant leaf and leaf sheath, and larva body grows 1~2 ㎜, red, chewing type
Mouthpart, in plant strain growth early stage, vacuum side of blade occurs more, and the middle and later periods is a large amount of on blade, leaf sheath to be occurred.After larva is aging
Mostly in the vein and the pupa of the thin cocoon-like of blade intersection knot white of vacuum side of blade, laid eggs after emergence.
For wild rice stem cecidomyiia with aecidiospore caused by larval feeding wild rice stem rust, larva needs searching food of often being creeped on leaf
Source, in crawling process, the aecidiospore that larva is attached by body surface and the excreta containing aecidiospore, make rust germ in plant
Upper quick diffusion is infected, propagated.
Wild rice stem cecidomyiia larval feeding aecidiospore, aecidiospore quantity is reduced, seem the generation that can suppress rust, but we send out
It is existing, in actual production, in the case where plant rust occurrence degree is consistent, there is the plant rust sprawling that wild rice stem cecidomyiia occurs more
It hurry up, after preventing and treating wild rice stem cecidomyiia, rust occurrence degree substantially slows down.Cecidomyiia larval feeding aecidiospore, can not be effective
Ground mitigates rust, it may be possible to which its food ingestion is on the low side than generating capacity, is also not enough to influence the propagation of rust.And larva is in leaf
On creep, enable the hole of aecidiospore that polypide body surface attaches and the aecidiospore contained in excreta quickly on close contact leaf
Mouth, the effect of rust infection is substantially increased, so as to accelerate the spread speed of rust.
As can be seen here, wild rice stem cecidomyiia is the approach that rust is propagated, by controlling wild rice stem cecidomyiia to suppress the hair of rust
It is raw.Conventional rust prevention and controls are only prevented and treated from killing rust pathogen, are not accounted for rust and are passed through wild rice stem goitre
The route of transmission of mosquito, the prevention effect that can not be got well.
The present invention reduces rust route of transmission by controlling the generation of wild rice stem cecidomyiia, with reference to the rust prevention and controls of routine,
Rust prevention effect is significantly increased, reduces hay field Pesticide use amount, improves Water Bamboo Yield and hay agriculture income.
The invention has the advantages that：The efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust of the present invention, by killing field side weeds, wild rice stem
Cecidomyiia on plant, route of transmission of the rust by cecidomyiia is blocked, in combination with the rust prevention and controls of routine, improve rust
Prevention effect, the generation of hay field rust is reduced, realizes pesticide reduction and increasing peasant income, practical effect is good, beneficial to popularization.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below：
Embodiment one：
This efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, comprise the following steps：
The first step, it is late Febuary in wild rice stem rudiment, Seedling Stage, to weeds on the surrounding ridge of hay field, sprays 80% enemy enemy
Fear 1200 times of liquid of missible oil add 25% trazodone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, the wild rice stem cecidomyiia occurred in controlling weeds and rust,
Reduce the disease pest in the weeds of field side and shifted to wild rice stem plant and endangered；
Second step, in wild rice stem tiller early stage, it is mid-March, 80% Mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on wild rice stem plant
1000 times of liquid of agent, prevent rust；
3rd step, in the tiller middle and later periods, double season hay summer hays are mid-April, and it is April that single cropping hay, which receives first batch of pattern for 1 year two,
In the last ten-days period, when thering is on plant cecidomyiia and the rust to occur, 80% metrifonate crystal, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on blade and add 10% phenyl ether methyl cyclic
2000 times of liquid of azoles water dispersion granule, wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, with reference to balance fertilizing, remove yellow leaf, disease
Leaf, reduce disease pest.
Weeds in the first step are amur foxtail.
Embodiment two：
This efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, comprise the following steps：
The first step, it is late Febuary in wild rice stem rudiment, Seedling Stage, to weeds on the surrounding ridge of hay field, sprays 80% enemy enemy
Fear 1200 times of liquid of missible oil add 25% trazodone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, the wild rice stem cecidomyiia occurred in controlling weeds and rust,
Reduce the disease pest in the weeds of field side and shifted to wild rice stem plant and endangered；
Second step, in wild rice stem tiller early stage, it is late March, 80% Mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on wild rice stem plant
1000 times of liquid of agent, prevent rust；
3rd step, in the tiller middle and later periods, double season hay summer hays are mid-April, and it is May that single cropping hay, which receives first batch of pattern for 1 year two,
In the first tenday period of a month, when thering is on plant cecidomyiia and the rust to occur, 80% metrifonate crystal, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on blade and add 10% phenyl ether methyl cyclic
2000 times of liquid of azoles water dispersion granule, wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, with reference to balance fertilizing, remove yellow leaf, disease
Leaf, reduce disease pest.
Weeds in the first step are amur foxtail.
Embodiment three：
This efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, comprise the following steps：
The first step, it is early March in wild rice stem budding period, Seedling Stage, to weeds on the surrounding ridge of hay field, sprays 80% enemy
1200 times of liquid of dichlorvos missible oil add 25% trazodone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, the wild rice stem cecidomyiia occurred in controlling weeds and rust
Disease, reduce the disease pest in the weeds of field side and shifted to wild rice stem plant and endangered；
Second step, in wild rice stem tiller early stage, it is late March, 80% Mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on wild rice stem plant
1000 times of liquid of agent, prevent rust；
3rd step, in the tiller middle and later periods, double season hay summer hays are late April, and it is May that single cropping hay, which receives first batch of pattern for 1 year two,
In the first tenday period of a month, when thering is on plant cecidomyiia and the rust to occur, 80% metrifonate crystal, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on blade and add 10% phenyl ether methyl cyclic
2000 times of liquid of azoles water dispersion granule, wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, with reference to balance fertilizing, remove yellow leaf, disease
Leaf, reduce disease pest.
Weeds in the first step are amur foxtail.
The single cropping hay that the embodiment of the present invention one, embodiment two, embodiment three are prevented and treated is chosen respectively receives first batch of hay within 1 year two
Field, double season hay summer hay hay fields, carry out the preventing and treating of wild rice stem rust with the conventional hay field for spraying bactericide, hay field without any processing and imitate
Fruit contrasts, and comparing result is as follows：
Single cropping hay receives first batch of hay field rust prevention effect contrast for 1 year two
Double season hay summer hay hay field rust prevention effect contrasts
Rust disease index computational methods are as follows：
Using diagonal five point sampling, seted the tone per solid point and look into 20 plants, totally 300 blades.Standard recording is classified by 0-8 levels
Total number of sheets, the sick number of sheets and morbidity severity, calculate disease index.
Sick leaf rate:
Investigation incidence of leaf number accounts for the percentage of investigation blade amt.
Severity:
Severity refers to the ratio that scab subiculum covering blade area on disease leaf accounts for the blade gross area, is represented with staging,
If 8 grades, represented respectively with 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, to the state of an illness between grade then
Its proximity values is taken, though severity of having fallen ill is remembered less than 1% by 1%.To colony leaves, calculate sick leaf by formula below note and be averaged
Severity.
Wherein：D is the average severity (%) of sick leaf, and di is each severity level value, and li is the sick numbers of sheets at different levels, and L is total for investigation
The sick number of sheets.
Disease index:
Calculated with following equation：
I=F × D × 100
Wherein：I is disease index, and F is sick leaf rate, and D is the average severity of sick leaf.
As can be known from the above table, the hay field rust disease index that the embodiment of the present invention one, embodiment two, embodiment three are prevented and treated is much
The hay field of bactericide, hay field without any processing are sprayed less than conventional, wild rice stem rust prevention effect is good.
The characteristics of embodiment of the present invention is：By killing field side weeds, the cecidomyiia on wild rice stem plant, rust is blocked to pass through goitre
The route of transmission of mosquito, in combination with the rust prevention and controls of routine, rust prevention effect is improved, reduces the hair of hay field rust
It is raw, pesticide reduction and increasing peasant income are realized, practical effect is good, beneficial to popularization.
Although the present invention is described by reference to preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art should
Work as understanding, in the range of claims, various change in form and details can be made.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) during wild rice stem rudiment, Seedling Stage, that is, late Febuary~early March, weeds on the surrounding ridge of hay field are sprayed
80% 1200 times of DDT EC liquid adds 25% trazodone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, the wild rice stem cecidomyiia occurred in controlling weeds
And rust, reduce the disease pest in the weeds of field side and shifted to wild rice stem plant and endangered；
(2) in wild rice stem tiller early stage, that is, mid-March~early April, it is wettable that 80% Mancozeb is sprayed on wild rice stem plant
Property 1000 times of liquid of pulvis, prevent rust；
(3) in the wild rice stem tiller middle and later periods, double season hay summer hays are mid or late April, and it is in 4 months that single cropping hay, which receives first batch of pattern for 1 year two,
In ten days~mid-May, when thering is on plant cecidomyiia and the rust to occur, 80% metrifonate crystal, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on blade and add 10%
2000 times of liquid of difenoconazole water dispersible granule, wild rice stem cecidomyiia and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, with reference to balance fertilizing, removed yellow
Leaf, sick leaf, reduce disease pest.
2. the efficient prevention and controls of wild rice stem rust according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Weeds in the step (1)
For amur foxtail.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111418555A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Wild rice stem rust fungus gall midge collecting and releasing device and collecting and releasing technology |
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