CN107353303B - 一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229960002891 fosaprepitant Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- BARDROPHSZEBKC-OITMNORJSA-N fosaprepitant Chemical compound O([C@@H]([C@@H]1C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)O[C@H](C)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCN1CC1=NC(=O)N(P(O)(O)=O)N1 BARDROPHSZEBKC-OITMNORJSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- ATALOFNDEOCMKK-OITMNORJSA-N aprepitant Chemical compound O([C@@H]([C@@H]1C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)O[C@H](C)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCN1CC1=NNC(=O)N1 ATALOFNDEOCMKK-OITMNORJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229960001372 aprepitant Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006701 (C1-C7) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XNNQFQFUQLJSQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trichloro)methane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Br XNNQFQFUQLJSQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940044880 fosaprepitant dimeglumine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VRQHBYGYXDWZDL-OOZCZQCLSA-N fosaprepitant dimeglumine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.O([C@@H]([C@@H]1C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)O[C@H](C)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCN1CC1=NN(P(O)(O)=O)C(=O)N1 VRQHBYGYXDWZDL-OOZCZQCLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 4
- -1 Methyl Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- RQKYHDHLEMEVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-bis(phenylmethoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CO[P+](=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RQKYHDHLEMEVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYYCRAQENXZKHG-OITMNORJSA-N C[C@H](C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)O[C@H]1OCCN(CC(NN2OP(O)=O)=NC2=O)[C@H]1C(C=C1)=CC=C1F Chemical compound C[C@H](C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1)O[C@H]1OCCN(CC(NN2OP(O)=O)=NC2=O)[C@H]1C(C=C1)=CC=C1F MYYCRAQENXZKHG-OITMNORJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002002 Neurokinin-1 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040718 Neurokinin-1 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NSBNXCZCLRBQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl bis(phenylmethoxy)phosphoryl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COP(OP(=O)(OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NSBNXCZCLRBQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP([O-])OC CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004916 vomit Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
- C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/04—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
- C07C215/06—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic
- C07C215/10—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with one amino group and at least two hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)的制备方法，该制备方法具有原料易得，条件温和，收率高，工艺简洁等优点，降低了生产成本，适合工业化生产。具体合成方法如下所示：
具体的，本发明涉及一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法，其特征在于，阿瑞匹坦(Aprepitant，I)与亚磷酸酯(II)在卤代烷烃和碱的作用下在溶剂中发生磷酰化反应得到福沙匹坦关键中间体的福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitantphosphate，IV)。其中，R1、R2各自独立地选自C1‑C7烷基或苄基。优选为甲基、乙基，苄基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备用于治疗和预防化疗引起的急性恶心和呕吐药物福沙匹坦二甲葡胺的关键中间体福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法，属于医药领域。
背景技术
阿瑞匹坦是由默沙东公司开发的作为第一个NK-1受体拮抗，它可以明显有效的预防化疗引起的急性恶心和呕吐，而其突出优点是还可以用于预防化疗中的呕吐和延迟性呕吐,但是阿瑞匹坦难溶于水，只能口服，有时呕吐患者口服给药难以实现。福沙匹坦二甲葡胺是阿瑞吡坦的前体药物，易溶于水，在体内迅速转化成阿瑞匹坦，其临床疗效和安全性与阿瑞匹坦是相当的，且是注射剂型，在治疗过程中，其可以通过直肠或静脉给药的方式代替口服，所以福沙吡坦二甲葡胺对于口服阿瑞匹坦来说是个很好的补充。
福沙匹坦二甲葡胺的化学名为：1-脱氧-1-(甲基氨基)-D-葡萄糖醇[3-[[(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3-(4-氟苯基)-4-吗啉基]甲基]-2,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]膦酸盐，其结构式如下：
而福沙匹坦磷酸酯作为制备福沙匹坦二甲葡胺的必备中间体的制备，是商业化中非常重要的一环，原研专利CN1075812C和WO2010018595均报道了同一种合成方法，如下式所示，即用阿瑞匹坦与焦亚磷酸四苄酯，在超低温条件下反应，以六甲基氨基钠为碱来制备福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体。整个反应条件相对苛刻，需要利用强碱在低温下进行，工艺复杂，条件严苛，且工艺收率不高。
专利WO201145817报道了另一种合成方法。如下式所示，该方法是将碱和反应溶剂进行了变化，采用DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)、环丁砜、DMSO(二甲亚砜)或NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)为溶剂，采用氢氧化锂，氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾，DBU或者DBN为碱制备福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体。该条件利用高沸点溶剂，后处理产生大量废水，整个工艺环境友好度差，不适合大量商业化生产。
鉴于目前福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备路线较少，且成本较高，故开发工艺简洁、条件温和、收率较高的合成路线是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)的制备方法，该制备方法原料易得，条件温和，收率高，工艺简洁，适合工业化生产。具体合成方法如下所示：
其中，R1、R2各自独立地选自C1-C7烷基或苄基。优选为甲基、乙基，苄基；
本发明涉及一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法，其特征在于，阿瑞匹坦(Aprepitant，I)与亚磷酸酯(II)在卤代烷烃和碱的作用下在溶剂中发生磷酰化反应得到福沙匹坦关键中间体的福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)。
所述的卤代烷烃选自卤代甲烷类化合物，如：四氯化碳、四溴甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、三氯溴甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、三碘甲烷。
所述的碱选自常用有机碱，如吡啶，三乙胺，二异丙基乙胺，4-二甲氨基吡啶，1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)，或常用的无机碱，如氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾，氢氧化锂，碳酸钠，碳酸钾，碳酸铯。优选为三乙胺，二异丙基乙胺，4-二甲氨基吡啶，氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾。
所述的溶剂选自常用极性溶剂，如二氯甲烷，乙腈，氯仿，四氢呋喃，甲基叔丁基醚。
所述的磷酰化反应温度为-10℃～30℃。
所述反应中阿瑞吡坦的用量与亚磷酸酯(II)的摩尔比为1比1.0到1比2.0；阿瑞吡坦用量和卤代烷烃的摩尔比为1比2.0到1比10.0；阿瑞吡坦用量和碱的摩尔比为1比1.0到1比2.0；
本发明另外提供了一种式IV化合物或其可药用盐，如式IV-1或式IV-2所示，该化合物是阿瑞匹坦(Aprepitant，I)与亚磷酸酯(II)在卤代烷烃(III)和碱的作用下在溶剂中发生磷酰化反应得到福沙匹坦关键中间体的福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitantphosphate，IV)。
与现有技术相比，本发明所述的福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitantphosphate，IV)的制备方法具有原料易得，条件温和，收率高，工艺简洁等优点，降低了生产成本，有利于工业生产。
具体实施例
为了进一步了解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明具体实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。本发明使用的起始物料阿瑞吡坦可大宗采购。
实施例1：福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为苄基)
在500mL反应瓶中加入二氯甲烷200mL和(Aprepitant，I)20g，25℃时搅拌至溶清。再依次加入亚磷酸二苄酯9.8g，四氯化碳11.5g，将反应降温至0-5℃，滴加3.79g三乙胺，保持0-10℃反应16-24小时直至TLC显示原料消失。向反应液中加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性，加入100mL水后用200mL*2次二氯甲烷萃取。合并二氯甲烷层以100mL*2次的5％NaCl溶液水洗。将二氯甲烷层以无水硫酸镁干燥后，以甲基叔丁基醚打浆，得福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)27.5g，收率92.4％。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.15-1.25(m,2H),1.45(d,3H),2.48(td,1H),2.75(d,1H),2.86(d,2H),3.2(m,1H),3.46(m,2H),3.64(m,1H),4.19(td,1H),4.30(d,1H),4.87(q,1H),5.22(m,4H),7.07(d,2H),7.12(s,2H),7.28(m,4H),7.34(m,4H),7.63(s,1H),9.44(s,1H).Mass:795.2[M+H]+。
实施例2：福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为甲基)
在500mL反应瓶中加入甲基叔丁基醚100mL和(Aprepitant，I)10g，25℃时搅拌至溶清。再依次加入亚磷酸二甲酯3.1g和三氯溴甲烷18.6g，将反应降温至0-5℃，滴加3.6g二异丙基乙胺，反应升至20-30℃反应16-24小时直至TLC显示原料消失。向反应液中加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性，加入50mL水后用100mL*2次二氯甲烷萃取。合并二氯甲烷层以50mL*2次的5％NaCl溶液水洗。将二氯甲烷层以无水硫酸镁干燥后，以甲基叔丁基醚打浆，得福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为甲基)10.9g，收率90.6％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08(s,1H),7.77(q,J＝1.8Hz,1H),7.64(t,J＝2.1Hz,1H),7.37(dt,J＝3.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.31(ddd,J＝7.1,5.8,1.1Hz,2H),7.18–7.10(m,2H),5.58(d,J＝7.0Hz,1H),4.68(qt,J＝6.8,1.0Hz,1H),4.17–4.00(m,3H),3.98(dt,J＝7.0,1.0Hz,1H),3.81(d,J＝12.5Hz,1H),3.39(d,J＝10.8Hz,6H),2.93(ddd,J＝12.5,11.2,3.5Hz,1H),2.44(dt,J＝12.6,1.8Hz,1H),1.49(d,J＝6.9Hz,3H).Mass:643.1[M+H]+。
实施例3：福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为乙基)
在500mL反应瓶中加入氯仿133mL和(Aprepitant，I)13.3g，25℃时搅拌至溶清。再依次加入亚磷酸二乙酯6.87g和三碘甲烷98.0g，将反应降温至0-5℃，滴加6.1g的4-二甲氨基吡啶，反应升至10-20℃反应16-24小时直至TLC显示原料消失。向反应液中加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性，加入130mL水后用270mL*2次二氯甲烷萃取。合并二氯甲烷层以130mL*2次的5％NaCl溶液水洗。将二氯甲烷层以无水硫酸镁干燥后，以甲基叔丁基醚打浆，得福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为乙基)15.1g，收率90.4％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.13(s,1H),7.77(q,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.64(q,J＝2.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.37(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),7.31(ddd,J＝7.0,5.8,1.1Hz,2H),7.14(dd,J＝8.9,7.5Hz,2H),5.59(d,J＝6.9Hz,1H),4.73–4.64(m,1H),4.18–4.02(m,5H),4.04–3.95(m,2H),3.92–3.78(m,2H),3.64(dp,J＝12.5,8.1Hz,1H),2.94(ddd,J＝12.5,11.1,3.5Hz,1H),2.43(dt,J＝12.7,1.9Hz,1H),1.49(d,J＝6.9Hz,3H),1.20(t,J＝8.0Hz,3H),1.12(t,J＝7.9Hz,3H).Mass:671.2[M+H]+。
实施例4：福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为苄基)
在500mL反应瓶中加入乙腈200mL和(Aprepitant，I)20g，25℃时搅拌至溶清。再依次加入亚磷酸二苄酯14.7g，四氯化碳28.9g，将反应降温至-10-0℃，滴加含有3.1g KOH的水溶液25mL，保持反应0-10℃反应16-24小时直至TLC显示原料消失。向反应液中加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性，加入100mL水后用200mL*2次二氯甲烷萃取。合并二氯甲烷层以100mL*2次的5％NaCl溶液水洗。将二氯甲烷层以无水硫酸镁干燥后，以甲基叔丁基醚打浆，得福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)25.8g，收率88.4％。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.15-1.25(m,2H),1.45(d,3H),2.48(td,1H),2.75(d,1H),2.86(d,2H),3.2(m,1H),3.46(m,2H),3.64(m,1H),4.19(td,1H),4.30(d,1H),4.87(q,1H),5.22(m,4H),7.07(d,2H),7.12(s,2H),7.28(m,4H),7.34(m,4H),7.63(s,1H),9.44(s,1H).Mass:795.2[M+H]+。
实施例5：福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV，其中R1、R2为苄基)
在500mL反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃200mL和(Aprepitant，I)20g，25℃时搅拌至溶清。再依次加入亚磷酸二苄酯12.8g，四氯化碳28.9g，将反应降温至-10-0℃，滴加含有2.5gNaOH的水溶液20mL，保持反应0-10℃反应16-24小时直至TLC显示原料消失。向反应液中加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性，加入100mL水后用200mL*2次二氯甲烷萃取。合并二氯甲烷层以100mL*2次的5％NaCl溶液水洗。将二氯甲烷层以无水硫酸镁干燥后，以甲基叔丁基醚打浆，得福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(Fosaprepitant phosphate，IV)26.2g，收率89.8％。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.15-1.25(m,2H),1.45(d,3H),2.48(td,1H),2.75(d,1H),2.86(d,2H),3.2(m,1H),3.46(m,2H),3.64(m,1H),4.19(td,1H),4.30(d,1H),4.87(q,1H),5.22(m,4H),7.07(d,2H),7.12(s,2H),7.28(m,4H),7.34(m,4H),7.63(s,1H),9.44(s,1H).Mass:795.2[M+H]+。
本发明提出的一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法已通过实施例进行了描述，相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体的制备方法进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现本发明技术。特别需要指出的是，所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明的精神、范围和内容中。
Claims (11)
1.一种福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(IV)的制备方法，其特征在于，阿瑞吡坦(I)与亚磷酸酯(II)在卤代烷烃和碱的作用下在溶剂中发生磷酰化反应得到福沙匹坦磷酸酯中间体(IV)，其中R1、R2独立地选自C1-C7的烷基或苄基；
所述的卤代烷烃选自卤代甲烷。
2.权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述R1、R2独立地选自甲基、乙基或苄基。
3.权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述卤代甲烷为四氯化碳、四溴甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、三氯溴甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、三碘甲烷。
4.权利要求3所述的制备方法，所述的卤代甲烷为四氯化碳、三氯溴甲烷和三碘甲烷。
5.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所用的碱为有机碱或无机碱，其中，
有机碱选自吡啶，三乙胺，二异丙基乙胺，4-二甲氨基吡啶，1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯中的一种；
无机碱选自氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾，氢氧化锂，碳酸钠，碳酸钾，碳酸铯中的一种。
6.权利要求5所述的制备方法，所用的碱选自三乙胺，二异丙基乙胺，4-二甲氨基吡啶，氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾。
7.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的溶剂选自二氯甲烷，乙腈，氯仿，四氢呋喃，甲基叔丁基醚。
8.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的磷酰化反应温度为-10℃～30℃。
9.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的阿瑞吡坦用量与亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为1比1.0到1比2.0。
10.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的阿瑞吡坦用量和卤代烷烃的摩尔比为1比2.0到1比10.0。
11.权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的阿瑞吡坦用量和碱的摩尔比为1比1.0到1比2.0。
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