CN107340077A - The method for sensing and sensor-based system of a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress - Google Patents
The method for sensing and sensor-based system of a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN107340077A CN107340077A CN201710562176.XA CN201710562176A CN107340077A CN 107340077 A CN107340077 A CN 107340077A CN 201710562176 A CN201710562176 A CN 201710562176A CN 107340077 A CN107340077 A CN 107340077A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
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- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/324—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress sensing system and method for sensing, including the coherent light time domain light reflected light path and Raman time domain light reflected light path mutually merged, the coherent light time domain light reflected light path is connected by balancing photoelectric detector with data acquisition unit, the Raman time domain light reflected light path is connected by avalanche diode with the data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is connected with computer；Using coherent light time domain light reflected light path frequency sweep detection twice, full distributed monitoring is carried out to stress by coherent light time domain light reflecting method according to the data of collection；Using the coherent light time domain light reflected light path, full distributed measurement is carried out to the temperature on simple optical fiber.Beneficial effect：ROTDR technologies and COTDR technologies are combined, substantially increases the measurement function and application scope of distributed optical fiber sensing device, holistic cost is more much smaller than the individually superposition of two systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributing optical fiber sensing field, more particularly to a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and the sensing of stress
Method and sensor-based system.
Background technology
When light is propagated in a fiber, if external environment changes, light some parameters in a fiber can therefore and
Therefore change, such as the light velocity, phase, or even the polarization state of light can also change.By measuring these beche-de-mers without spike in Transmission Fibers
Amount can be to obtain corresponding physical quantity, and we are by this technology that sensor is made using optical fiber, referred to as Fibre Optical Sensor skill
Art.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques are using optical fiber as sensing elements, the medium of optical fiber inherently transmission information, and
There is the function of sensing simultaneously again, therefore with the incomparable advantage of traditional electric quantity type sensor.The broad covered area of optical fiber,
It can be used for measuring the temperature and stress in whole sensor fibre coverage.
Traditional sensor is electric quantity type mostly, and measurement range is small, and application is narrow.By contrast, fibre optical sensor
Sensor is optical fiber, optical fiber Stability Analysis of Structures itself, electromagnetism interference, corrosion-resistant, small volume, cheap, and this infrared optical fiber covers
Capping is wide, can carry out on a large scale, the wide system of spatial distribution measures.Based on above advantage, distributing optical fiber sensing is from 20
Since century 70 end, obtained extensive development, occur based on time domain light reflection Rayleigh time domain light reflection (OTDR),
Raman time domain light reflection (ROTDR), Brillouin's time domain light reflection (BOTDR) etc., are currently based on Raman time domain light reflection (ROTDR)
Technology it is very ripe, the technology of time domain light based on Rayleigh scattering reflection (OTDR) is very common distribution type fiber-optic
Sensing technology.
But either Rayleigh time domain light reflection (OTDR), Raman time domain light reflect (ROTDR) or Brillouin's time domain light
(BOTDR) technology of reflection, all full distributed measurement can not be carried out to stress and temperature simultaneously on simple optical fiber.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment provides one kind to combine ROTDR technologies and COTDR technologies, in single light
The fully distributed fiber temperature of full distributed measurement and the method for sensing and system of stress are carried out to stress and temperature simultaneously on fibre.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress sensing system, including the first coupler and
The laser beam emitting device being connected with the input of first coupler, two output ends of first coupler are respectively with
One light path is connected with the input of the second Polarization Controller, in addition to first input end is connected with the output end of first light path
The second coupler, the output end of second coupler is connected with Raman wavelength division multiplexer, and the of second coupler
Two inputs of the output end of two inputs and second Polarization Controller respectively with the 3rd coupler are connected, the 3rd coupling
Two output ends of clutch are connected with balancing the input of photoelectric detector, and the Raman wavelength division multiplexer is connected with sensor fibre
While, its anti-Stokes optical port and Stokes optical port are connected with two inputs of avalanche diode respectively, described
Avalanche diode and the balance photoelectric detector are used to convert optical signals into electric signal, and its output end is adopted with data
The input of storage is connected so that electric signal is reached into the data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is connected with computer；It is described
It is defeated with the electrooptic modulator that first light path includes electrooptic modulator, input that input is connected with first coupler
Go out the first Polarization Controller of end connection, the erbium-doped fiber amplification that input is connected with the output end of first Polarization Controller
The spontaneous radiation wave filter that device and input are connected with the output end of the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the spontaneous radiation wave filter
Output end be first light path output end.
Further, the laser beam emitting device includes being used to produce laser pulse laser, with the laser
The single side-band modulator of output end connection and the microwave synthesizer being connected with the single side-band modulator and the computer, it is described
Computer is used to control the microwave synthesizer to drive the single side-band modulator, and then modulates in the single side-band modulator
Laser pulse.The laser is the narrow linewidth laser that line width is less than or equal to 10MHz.
Further, connected between the electrooptic modulator and the computer by pulse-modulator, the computer
Drive the electrooptic modulator for controlling the pulse-modulator, make the electrooptic modulator output high-power pulse or
It is low powder pulsed.
Further, anti-anti-reflection and each wavelength for that will scatter in light can be increased by being provided with the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
The deielectric-coating filter plate that constituents extraction comes out, the anti-Stokes optical port have two, for gathering and transmission center ripple
A length of 1450nm anti-Stokes light；The Stokes optical port has three, is with center transmission wavelength for gathering
1663nm stokes light.
The method for sensing of a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature of embodiments of the invention offer and stress sensing system, including with
Lower step：
Step 1, reflected using coherent light time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the stress on simple optical fiber：It is described to swash
Light emitting devices implements frequency sweep, and the laser pulse entered from the input of first coupler is divided into by first coupler
Two-way, all the way into first light path, be modulated into by the electrooptic modulator in first light path it is low powder pulsed, so
Afterwards successively by first Polarization Controller, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the spontaneous radiation wave filter, second coupling
Clutch and the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, Rayleigh scattering light is produced into the sensor fibre and in the sensor fibre, institute
State Rayleigh scattering light and reach second coupler through the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, then second through second coupler is defeated
Go out end and the first input end of the 3rd coupler enters the 3rd coupler, another way is reference light, passes through described the
Second input of two Polarization Controllers and the 3rd coupler enters the 3rd coupler, the reference light and described auspicious
Profit scattering light reaches the balance photoelectricity by two output ends of the 3rd coupler after being mixed in the 3rd coupler and examined
Survey device and electric signal is converted into by the balance photoelectric detector, then the balance photoelectric detector is incoming described by electric signal
Data acquisition unit, the computer is passed to by the data acquisition unit；
Step 2, the action of repeat step 1 is once；
Step 3, during step 2, when the sensor fibre has stress variation, the Rayleigh scattering light in step 2
Power spectrum can it is different with the power spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering light in step 1, the computer by demodulation two power spectrum,
The frequency shift amount information of rayleigh scattering light is obtained, full distributed prison is then carried out to stress using coherent light time domain light reflecting method
Survey；
Step 4, reflected using Raman time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the temperature on simple optical fiber：The laser
Emitter stops frequency sweep, and the laser pulse entered from the input of first coupler is divided into two by first coupler
Road, all the way into first light path, high power pulse is modulated into by the electrooptic modulator in first light path, then
Successively by first Polarization Controller, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the spontaneous radiation wave filter, second coupling
Device and the Raman wavelength division multiplexer enter the sensor fibre and Raman diffused light, the drawing are produced in the sensor fibre
Graceful scattering light is through the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, by the anti-Stokes optical port and Stokes of the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
Optical port reaches the avalanche diode, and the light for receiving Raman diffused light is converted into electric signal by the avalanche diode, then
Electric signal is passed to the data acquisition unit by the avalanche diode, and the computer is passed to by the data acquisition unit, another
Road is blocked because being closed the balance photoelectric detector；
Step 5, when the sensor fibre has temperature change, anti-Stokes light in the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
Light intensity is understood variation with temperature and changed, so as to cause the beam intensity ratio of stokes light and anti-Stokes light to become
Change, the electric signal that the avalanche diode converts can be changed accordingly, and beam intensity ratio is recalled by the machine solution
Information can obtain the value of Current Temperatures.
Further, in step 1, the laser beam emitting device include be used for produce laser pulse laser, with it is described
The single side-band modulator of the output end connection of laser and the microwave being connected with the single side-band modulator and the computer are comprehensive
Clutch, by the sweep parameters of microwave synthesizer described in the computer installation, the list is driven by the microwave synthesizer
Sideband modulator makes the laser pulse in the single side-band modulator modulated, implements frequency sweep.
Further, connected between the electrooptic modulator and the computer by a pulse-modulator, in step 1,
The computer controls the pulse-modulator to drive the electrooptic modulator output low powder pulsed, in step 4, the calculating
Machine controls the pulse-modulator to drive the electrooptic modulator output high-power rate pulse.
The beneficial effect brought of technical scheme that embodiments of the invention provide is：The present invention it is same with optical fiber simultaneously
Using the technology of coherent light time domain light reflection (COTDR) and Raman time domain light reflection (ROTDR), corresponded to respectively on simple optical fiber
Power and temperature carry out full distributed measurement, merely with a sensor fibre can measurement temperature event and stress events simultaneously, gram
The shortcomings that function present in single ROTDR systems and COTDR systems is single is taken.Substantially increase fully distributed fiber biography
The measurement function and application scope of sensor, holistic cost are more much smaller than the individually superposition of two systems.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature of the present invention and stress sensing system.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is further described.
Fig. 1 is refer to, the embodiment provides a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress sensing system, including
First coupler 12, the second coupler 6 and the 3rd coupler 5, first coupler 12, second coupler 6 and described
3rd coupler 5 is four port couplers, and the first coupler 12 includes input C1, the first output being connected with other elements
Hold c1 and the second output end c2, and vacant input C2.
A wherein input C1 for first coupler 12 is connected with laser beam emitting device, and another input C2 is vacant.
The laser beam emitting device is connected unilateral including the laser 1 for producing laser pulse, with the output end of the laser 1
The microwave synthesizer 13 being all connected with modulator 14 and with the single side-band modulator 14 and computer 15, the computer 15 are used
The single side-band modulator 14 is driven in controlling the microwave synthesizer 13, and then modulates in the single side-band modulator 14 and swashs
Light pulse：When needing frequency sweep, setting the sweep parameters of the microwave synthesizer 13 by the computer 15, (sweep parameters include
Scan width and step frequency), then drive the single side-band modulator 14 to make the single-side belt by the microwave synthesizer 13
Laser pulse in modulator 14 is modulated, implements frequency sweep；When not needing frequency sweep, the microwave is controlled by the computer 15
Synthesizer 13, the single side-band modulator 14 is set to stop the stepping of frequency sweep, stop frequency.The laser 1 be line width be less than or
Person is equal to 10MHz narrow linewidth laser, and the operation wavelength of the laser 1 is about 1550nm, but is not limited.
First output end c1 of first coupler 12 and the first input end A1 of second coupler 6 pass through first
Light path connects, and the second input B2 of the second output end c2 of first coupler 12 and the 3rd coupler 5 passes through the
Two Polarization Controllers 16 connect, the second output terminals A 2 of second coupler 6 and the first input end of the 3rd coupler 5
B1 is connected by optical fiber.First output end a1 of second coupler 6 is connected with Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8, second coupling
Clutch 6 also has a vacant port a2.The Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8 is connected with sensor fibre 18, the Raman wavelength-division
The anti-anti-reflection and deielectric-coating filter plate for each wavelength components scattered in light to be extracted can be increased by being provided with multiplexer 8,
The anti-Stokes optical port of the Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8 has two, the anti-Stokes optical port and the medium
Membrane filtration wave plate connects, for the anti-Stokes light gathered and center transmission wavelength is 1450nm；The Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8
Stokes optical port have three, the Stokes optical port be connected with the deielectric-coating filter plate, for collection with
Center transmission wavelength is 1663nm stokes light.Two output ends b1, b2 of the 3rd coupler 5 are with balancing photoelectricity
Detector 3 connects, for being transmitted after being mixed by its first input end B1 and the second input B2 pulsed light to described flat
Weigh photoelectric detector 3, and the balance photoelectric detector 3 is used to the optical signal of receiving being converted into electric signal, with the balance light
The connected data acquisition unit 2 of photodetector 3 absorbs the electric signal, and the electric signal is reached into the computer 15 and is demodulated
Method processing.
The anti-Stokes optical port and the Stokes optical port are connected with an avalanche diode 4 respectively by optical fiber
Connect, the avalanche diode 4 is used to convert optical signals into electric signal, and the data being connected with the avalanche diode 4 are adopted
Storage 2 absorbs the electric signal, and the electric signal is reached into the computer 15 and handled.
First light path includes electrooptic modulator 11, input and the institute that input is connected with first coupler 12
State the output of the first Polarization Controller 9, input and first Polarization Controller 9 of the output end connection of electrooptic modulator 11
Hold the spontaneous radiation filter that the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 7 of connection and input are connected with the output end of the amplifier of erbium-doped fiber 7
Ripple device 17, the output end of the spontaneous radiation wave filter 17 are the output end of first light path.
Connected between the electrooptic modulator 11 and the computer 15 by pulse-modulator 10, the computer 15 is used
In controlling the pulse-modulator 10 to drive the electrooptic modulator 11, make the output high-power pulse of electrooptic modulator 11
It is or low powder pulsed.
The method for sensing of a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature of embodiments of the invention offer and stress sensing system, including with
Lower step：
Step 1, reflected using coherent light time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the stress on simple optical fiber：(1) pass through
The computer 15 sets the sweep parameters (sweep parameters include scan width and step frequency) of the microwave synthesizer 13, then
By the microwave synthesizer 13 drive the single side-band modulator 14 make the laser pulse in the single side-band modulator 14 by
To modulation, implement frequency sweep；(2) laser pulse entered from the input C1 of first coupler 12 is by first coupler
12 are divided into two-way, and all the way into first light path, the computer 15 is by controlling the pulse-modulator 10 to drive
Electrooptic modulator 11 is stated, exports the electrooptic modulator 11 low powder pulsed；(3) this is low powder pulsed successively by described the
One Polarization Controller 9, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 7, the spontaneous radiation wave filter 17, second coupler 6 and described
Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8, Rayleigh scattering light is produced into the sensor fibre 18 and in the sensor fibre, and the Rayleigh dissipates
Penetrate light and reach second coupler 6, then the second output end through second coupler 6 through the Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8
The first input end B1 of A2 and the 3rd coupler 5 enters the 3rd coupler 5；(4) divided by first coupler 12
Into another way be reference light, entered by the second input B2 of second Polarization Controller 16 and the 3rd coupler 5
Enter after the 3rd coupler 5, the reference light and the Rayleigh scattering light mix in the 3rd coupler 5 by described
Two output ends b1, b2 of three couplers 5 reach the balance photoelectric detector 3 and are converted into by the balance photoelectric detector 3
Electric signal；(5) electric signal is passed to the data acquisition unit 2 by the balance photoelectric detector 5, by the data acquisition unit 2
It is passed to the computer 15.
Step 2, the action of repeat step 1 is once.
Step 3, during step 2, when the sensor fibre 18 has stress variation, the Rayleigh scattering light in step 2
Power spectrum can it is different with the power spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering light in step 1, the computer 15 pass through demodulation two work(
Rate is composed, and obtains the frequency shift amount information of rayleigh scattering light, and the frequency shift amount is not 0, then utilizes coherent light time domain light reflecting method pair
Stress carries out full distributed monitoring；When the sensor fibre 18 does not have stress variation, the Rayleigh scattering light in step 2
Power spectrum can it is identical with the power spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering light in step 1, the computer by demodulation two power spectrum,
The frequency shift amount information of rayleigh scattering light is obtained, the frequency shift amount is 0.
Light is propagated in a fiber to be influenceed by the factor in the external world, and the related physical quantity in this time can change, profit
Corresponding parameter can be measured with this change.Coherent light time domain light reflection (COTDR) technology is by entering strong coherent light
Penetrate light pulse to inject from one end of optical fiber, when having strain generation in described certain region of sensor fibre 18, due to thermal expansion or bullet light
The distance between effect, refractive index, density and the scattering point of the region inner fiber will change, so as to cause in the region
The phase of Rayleigh scattering light changes, and therefore, the intensity and power distribution of the Rayleigh scattering light will change therewith.
By between the Rayleigh scattering signal in the change and reference light pulse and step 1 of the Rayleigh scattering luminous intensity in detecting step 2
Delay inequality, it is possible to determine optical fiber upper stress change particular location and variable quantity distribution situation.Pass through cross-correlation peak
Value-based algorithm, it can be deduced that specific frequency shift amount, quantitative calculating can be carried out to stress variation.
Step 4, reflected using Raman time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the temperature on simple optical fiber：(1) by described
Computer 15 controls the microwave synthesizer 13, the single side-band modulator 14 is stopped the stepping of frequency sweep, stop frequency；(2)
The laser pulse entered from the input C1 of first coupler 12 is divided into two-way by first coupler 12, enters all the way
First light path, the computer 15 drive the electrooptic modulator 11 by controlling the pulse-modulator 10, make institute
State the output high-power pulse of electrooptic modulator 11；(3) high power pulse is successively by first Polarization Controller 9, described
EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 7, the spontaneous radiation wave filter 17, second coupler 6 and the Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8 enter
The sensor fibre 18 simultaneously produces Raman diffused light in the sensor fibre 18, and the Raman diffused light is through the Raman wavelength-division
Multiplexer 8, the deielectric-coating filter plate of the Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8 is by the anti-Stokes light in the Raman diffused light and this
Lentor light is separated and extracted, and then the anti-Stokes light and the stokes light pass through anti-Stokes respectively
Optical port and Stokes optical port reach the avalanche diode 4, and the avalanche diode 4 will receive the light of Raman diffused light
Electric signal is converted into, then electric signal is passed to the data acquisition unit 2 by the avalanche diode 4, by the data acquisition unit 2
The computer 15 is passed to, another way is blocked because being closed the balance photoelectric detector 3, i.e. the now data acquisition
Device 2 is without the data message gathered in the balance photoelectric detector 3；
Step 5, when the sensor fibre 18 has temperature change, the anti-Stokes in the Raman wavelength division multiplexer 8
The light intensity of light is understood variation with temperature and changed, so as to cause the beam intensity ratio of stokes light and anti-Stokes light to occur
Change, the electric signal that the avalanche diode 4 converts can be changed accordingly, and light extraction is demodulated by the computer 15
The value of Current Temperatures can be obtained than information by force.
Raman time domain light reflection (ROTDR) technology is the injected pulse light into optical fiber, and light in communication process, produces in a fiber
The temperature effect of raw raman scattering spectrum.When the light quantum of incidence produces collision with optical fiber material molecule, elastic collision is produced
And inelastic collision.During elastic collision, there is no energy exchange between light quantum and material molecule, the frequency of light quantum does not occur to appoint
What changes, and shows as Rayleigh scattering light and keeps and incident light identical wavelength；In inelastic collision, energy exchange, light occurs
Quantum can discharge or absorb phonon, show as produce a longer wavelengths of stokes light and a wavelength it is shorter it is anti-this
Lentor light.Because anti-Stokes light is affected by temperature, comparison is sensitive, and system uses using Stokes optical channel and is used as reference
Passage, for anti-Stokes optical channel as signalling channel, the ratio of both can eliminate light signal fluctuation, fibre-optical bending etc.
Non- temperature factor, realize the collection to temperature information.
The beneficial effect brought of technical scheme that embodiments of the invention provide is：The present invention it is same with optical fiber simultaneously
Using the technology of coherent light time domain light reflection (COTDR) and Raman time domain light reflection (ROTDR), corresponded to respectively on simple optical fiber
Power and temperature carry out full distributed measurement, merely with a sensor fibre can measurement temperature event and stress events simultaneously, gram
The shortcomings that function present in single ROTDR systems and COTDR systems is single is taken.Substantially increase fully distributed fiber biography
The measurement function and application scope of sensor, holistic cost are more much smaller than the individually superposition of two systems.
Herein, the involved noun of locality such as forward and backward, upper and lower is to be located at parts in accompanying drawing in figure and zero
The mutual position of part is intended merely to the clear of expression technology scheme and conveniently come what is defined.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality
Use should not limit the claimed scope of the application.
In the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress sensing system, including the first coupler and defeated with first coupler
Enter the laser beam emitting device of end connection, two output ends of first coupler respectively with the first light path and the second Polarization Control
The input connection of device, it is characterised in that：Also include the second coupling that first input end is connected with the output end of first light path
Clutch, the output end of second coupler are connected with Raman wavelength division multiplexer, and the second input of second coupler
It is connected with two inputs of the output end of second Polarization Controller respectively with the 3rd coupler, the two of the 3rd coupler
Output end is connected with balancing the input of photoelectric detector, while the Raman wavelength division multiplexer is connected with sensor fibre,
Its anti-Stokes optical port and Stokes optical port are connected with two inputs of avalanche diode respectively, the pole of snowslide two
Pipe and the balance photoelectric detector are used to convert optical signals into electric signal, and its output end is defeated with data acquisition unit
Enter end connection so that electric signal is reached into the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with computer；First light path
Electrooptic modulator, the input being connected including input with first coupler are connected with the output end of the electrooptic modulator
The first Polarization Controller, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier that is connected with the output end of first Polarization Controller of input and input
Hold the spontaneous radiation wave filter being connected with the output end of the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the output end of the spontaneous radiation wave filter
The output end of as described first light path.
2. fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 1 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：The Laser emission
Device include being used for producing the laser of laser pulse, the single side-band modulator being connected with the output end of the laser and with institute
The microwave synthesizer that single side-band modulator connects with the computer is stated, the computer is used to control the microwave synthesizer
The single side-band modulator is driven, and then modulates laser pulse in the single side-band modulator.
3. fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 2 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：The laser is
Line width is less than or equal to 10MHz narrow linewidth laser.
4. fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 1 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：The electro-optical modulation
Connected between device and the computer by pulse-modulator, the computer is used to control the pulse-modulator to drive
Electrooptic modulator is stated, makes the electrooptic modulator output high-power pulse or low powder pulsed.
5. fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 1 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：The Raman wavelength-division
The anti-anti-reflection and deielectric-coating filter plate for each wavelength components scattered in light to be extracted, institute can be increased by being provided with multiplexer
Anti-Stokes optical port is stated with two, for the anti-Stokes light gathered and center transmission wavelength is 1450nm；It is described
Stokes optical port has three, for the stokes light gathered and center transmission wavelength is 1663nm.
6. a kind of method for sensing of fully distributed fiber temperature and stress sensing system as described in any one of claim 1 to 5,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step 1, reflected using coherent light time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the stress on simple optical fiber：The laser hair
Injection device implements frequency sweep, and the laser pulse entered from the input of first coupler is divided into two by first coupler
Road, all the way into first light path, be modulated into by the electrooptic modulator in first light path it is low powder pulsed, then
Successively by first Polarization Controller, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the spontaneous radiation wave filter, second coupling
Device and the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, Rayleigh scattering light is produced into the sensor fibre and in the sensor fibre, it is described
Rayleigh scattering light reaches second coupler, then the through second coupler second output through the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
The first input end of end and the 3rd coupler enters the 3rd coupler, and another way is reference light, passes through described second
Second input of Polarization Controller and the 3rd coupler enters the 3rd coupler, the reference light and the Rayleigh
Scatter and reach the balance Photoelectric Detection by two output ends of the 3rd coupler after light mixes in the 3rd coupler
Device is simultaneously converted into electric signal by the balance photoelectric detector, and then electric signal is passed to the number by the balance photoelectric detector
According to collector, the computer is passed to by the data acquisition unit；
Step 2, the action of repeat step 1 is once；
Step 3, during step 2, when the sensor fibre has stress variation, the power of the Rayleigh scattering light in step 2
Spectrum can be different with the power spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering light in step 1, and the computer is obtained by demodulating two power spectrum
The frequency shift amount information of rayleigh scattering light, full distributed monitoring is then carried out to stress using coherent light time domain light reflecting method；
Step 4, reflected using Raman time domain light, full distributed measurement is carried out to the temperature on simple optical fiber：The Laser emission
Device stops frequency sweep, and the laser pulse entered from the input of first coupler is divided into two-way by first coupler,
Enter first light path all the way, high power pulse, Ran Houyi are modulated into by the electrooptic modulator in first light path
It is secondary to pass through first Polarization Controller, the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the spontaneous radiation wave filter, second coupler
Enter the sensor fibre with the Raman wavelength division multiplexer and Raman diffused light, the Raman are produced in the sensor fibre
Light is scattered through the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, by the anti-Stokes optical port and stokes light of the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
Port reaches the avalanche diode, and the light for receiving Raman diffused light is converted into electric signal, Ran Housuo by the avalanche diode
State avalanche diode and electric signal is passed to the data acquisition unit, the computer, another way are passed to by the data acquisition unit
It is blocked because being closed the balance photoelectric detector；
Step 5, when the sensor fibre has temperature change, the light intensity of the anti-Stokes light in the Raman wavelength division multiplexer
Understand variation with temperature and change, so as to cause the beam intensity ratio of stokes light and anti-Stokes light to change, institute
Stating the electric signal that avalanche diode converts can be changed accordingly, and beam intensity ratio information is recalled just by the machine solution
The value of Current Temperatures can be obtained.
7. the method for sensing of fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 6 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：Step
In rapid 1, laser that the laser beam emitting device includes being used to produce laser pulse, it is connected with the output end of the laser
Single side-band modulator and the microwave synthesizer being connected with the single side-band modulator and the computer, are set by the computer
The sweep parameters of the microwave synthesizer are put, drive the single side-band modulator to make the single-side belt by the microwave synthesizer
Laser pulse in modulator is modulated, implements frequency sweep.
8. the method for sensing of fully distributed fiber temperature as claimed in claim 6 and stress sensing system, it is characterised in that：Institute
State and connected between electrooptic modulator and the computer by a pulse-modulator, in step 1, the computer controls the arteries and veins
Pulse modulator drives the electrooptic modulator output low powder pulsed, in step 4, the computer control pulse-modulator
Drive the electrooptic modulator output high-power rate pulse.
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