CN111323144A - Distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111323144A CN111323144A CN202010226713.5A CN202010226713A CN111323144A CN 111323144 A CN111323144 A CN 111323144A CN 202010226713 A CN202010226713 A CN 202010226713A CN 111323144 A CN111323144 A CN 111323144A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/324—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration, which comprises: the device comprises a sweep-frequency laser, an optical coupler, an optical fiber delay line, a balance light detector, a pulse laser, an optical isolator, an optical fiber circulator, a band-pass filter, a wavelength division multiplexer, a single-channel photoelectric detector, a double-channel photoelectric detector, a data acquisition card and a single-mode sensing optical fiber. In the system, the temperature sensing unit and the vibration sensing unit share the pulse laser, the sweep frequency laser provides a light source for the strain sensing unit, and the two light sources are connected through the optical coupler; the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected with the optical coupler and the sensing optical fiber. The sensing system improves the comprehensiveness of the sensing system on environment monitoring and has higher practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration.
Background
The key technology of the existing independent distributed temperature measurement system, distributed strain measurement system and distributed vibration measurement system is mature and has industrial application, and the performance parameters (spatial resolution, measurement accuracy and the like) of the system are continuously broken through. However, due to the limitation in the power of the backscattered signal, most of the sensing fibers of these individual distributed measurement systems are multimode fibers, and the research data of the distributed sensing system based on single-mode fibers is relatively less, and these sensing systems only achieve simultaneous measurement of at most two physical quantities (temperature and strain collinear sensing or temperature and vibration collinear sensing) on the same fiber, and do not achieve a system in which three physical quantities of fiber temperature, strain and vibration are measured simultaneously on one fiber. The two points restrict the deep application of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration, solving the limitation on the power of a backscattering signal of distributed optical fiber sensing, and having reasonable structure and accurate and reliable measuring result.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises a temperature sensing unit, a vibration sensing unit and an optical fiber strain sensing unit, wherein the temperature sensing unit and the vibration sensing unit share a pulse light source, a pulse laser and a sweep laser are integrated through an optical coupler, meanwhile, backward Raman scattering light and backward Rayleigh scattering light are separated from a band-pass filter one by one through a wavelength division multiplexer, are received by a photoelectric detector and carry out data acquisition through a data acquisition card.
According to the technical scheme, after the pulse laser generates Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering in the sensing optical fiber, the wavelength division multiplexing device separates the backward Raman scattering light, the Rayleigh scattering light enters the circulator, and the separated light enters the photoelectric detector.
According to the technical scheme, the optical fiber strain sensing unit comprises a sweep frequency laser, an optical coupler, a delay optical fiber and an optical balance detector, wherein sweep frequency laser is divided into two paths, one path of the sweep frequency laser generates local interference light through the optical coupler and the delay optical fiber and is received by the optical balance detector, 99% of the other path of the sweep frequency laser enters the sensing optical fiber, and backward Rayleigh scattering light and the rest 1% of local oscillation light enter the optical coupler to be interfered and are received by the optical balance detector and then are collected by a data collection card.
According to the technical scheme, the temperature sensing unit, the vibration sensing unit and the strain sensing unit share one single-mode sensing optical fiber through the wavelength division multiplexing device.
According to the technical scheme, the frequency-sweeping laser is connected with a first 1 x 2 optical coupler, the splitting ratio of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler is 90:10, 90% of the first path is connected with a fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler, the splitting ratio of the fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler is 99:1, 99% of the first path is connected with one end of a fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler, the splitting ratio of the fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler is 50:50, and the pulse laser is connected with the other end of the fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler; 1% of all the paths of the fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler are connected with one input end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler, 10% of all the paths of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler are connected with the second 1 x 2 optical coupler, the splitting ratio of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is 50:50, one output end of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with the third 2 x 1 optical coupler, the other end of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with a section of delay optical fiber and then connected with the third 2 x 1 optical coupler, the output end of the third 2 x 1 optical coupler is connected with the first balanced photoelectric detector, and the output end of the first balanced photoelectric detector is connected with a data acquisition card; the output of fourth optical coupler connects optical isolator, and optical isolator connects the input of optic fibre circulator, and the input of wavelength division multiplexer two is connected to the sensing end of optic fibre circulator, and the input of seventh 1 × 2 optical coupler is connected to the reflection end of optic fibre circulator, and the beam-splitting ratio of seventh 1 × 2 optical coupler is 50:50, one output end of the seventh 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with a band-pass filter, the band-pass filter is connected with the other input end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler, the output end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler is connected with the second balanced photoelectric detector, and the output end of the second balanced photoelectric detector is connected with a data acquisition card; the output end of the seventh 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the single-channel photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the A/D data acquisition card, the sensing end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the single-mode optical fiber, two output ends of the second wavelength division multiplexer are respectively connected with two input ends of the double-channel photoelectric detector, and two output ends of the photoelectric detector are connected with the A/D data acquisition card.
According to the technical scheme, the trigger length and transmission of the A/D data acquisition cardThe lengths of the optical sensing fibers have the following relations: m ═ L0(8), wherein M is the trigger length; l is0Is the fiber length in m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the system has reasonable structure and accurate and reliable measurement result, is suitable for a comprehensive monitoring system and a method for simultaneously monitoring the temperature strain and the vibration of an application environment, and solves the limitation on the power of the distributed optical fiber sensing backscattered signal.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed optical fiber temperature vibration strain sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing system for simultaneous measurement of temperature, vibration and strain of a distributed optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic optical path diagram of a distributed optical fiber temperature and vibration sensing unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic optical path diagram of a distributed optical fiber strain sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: swept laser-1, first 1 x 2 optical coupler-2, second 1 x 2 optical coupler-3, optical fiber delay line-4, third 2 x 1 optical coupler-5, balanced optical detector-6, pulse laser-7, fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler-8, fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler-9, optical isolator-10, sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler-11, balanced optical detector-12, optical fiber circulator-13, seventh 1 x 2 optical coupler-14, band-pass filter-15, wavelength division multiplexer-16, single-channel optical detector-17, wavelength division multiplexer-18, dual-channel optical detector-19, A/D data acquisition card-20, data acquisition card-21, single-mode sensing optical fiber-22, An upper computer-23.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration, which is provided with a temperature vibration sensing unit and a strain sensing unit, wherein the temperature vibration sensing unit shares a light source pulse laser 7; the strain sensing unit uses a swept-frequency laser 1. An upper computer 22 and the optical fiber temperature vibration strain sensor connected with the upper computer 22 are provided. The optical fiber temperature vibration strain sensor adopts the structure, and the A/D acquisition card 20 uploads the acquired back Raman scattering signals and back Rayleigh scattering signals to an upper computer through a USB serial port line to be demodulated through software; the data acquisition card 21 uploads the acquired local oscillation optical interference signals and rayleigh interference signals to an upper computer for demodulation through software.
Fig. 3 shows an optical path diagram of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing and vibration sensing unit according to the present invention. The pulse Laser 7(Laser) emits pulse light, the pulse light enters the second wavelength division multiplexer 18 after passing through the optical fiber circulator 13, and a backscattering signal is generated in the sensing optical fiber. Wherein, the Stokes light and the anti-Stokes light are received by the dual-channel photoelectric detector 19 through the wavelength division multiplexer 18; the rayleigh scattered signal enters the single channel fiber detector 17 from the reflecting end of the circulator 13. The acquisition card acquires signals output by the photoelectric detector, and temperature and vibration information can be demodulated by utilizing the characteristics that the anti-Stokes signal intensity is sensitive to temperature and the Rayleigh scattering signal intensity is sensitive to vibration after being processed by upper computer software.
Fig. 4 shows an optical path diagram of the distributed optical fiber strain sensing unit in this embodiment. The swept-frequency laser 1 is connected with a first 1 x 2 optical coupler 2, and the splitting ratio of the optical coupler 2 is 90: 10: 90% of the light is connected to a fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler 8, the splitting ratio of the optical coupler 8 is 99: 1: 99% of the light is connected with one end of a 2 x 1 optical coupler 9, the light splitting ratio of a fifth optical coupler 9 is 50:50, and a pulse Laser 7(Laser) is connected with the other end of the optical coupler 9; one of the 1% of the optical couplers 8 is connected to the input of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler 11. One 10% of the optical couplers 2 are connected with the second 1 x 2 optical coupler 3, the light splitting ratio of the optical coupler 3 is 50:50, one output end of the optical coupler 3 is directly connected with the 2 x 1 optical coupler 5, the other end of the optical coupler 3 is connected with a section of time delay optical fiber and then connected with the third optical coupler 5, the output end of the optical coupler 5 is connected with a first balanced photoelectric detector 6(PBD), and the output end of the PBD6 is connected with the data acquisition card 21. The output end of the optical coupler 9 is connected with a sensing optical fiber, the back scattering light interferes with the broadband light provided by the frequency-swept laser 1 through the optical coupler 2 (90% end) and the optical coupler 8 (1% end) in the optical coupler 11, and an interference signal is received by the optical balance detector 12 and is collected by the data acquisition card 21. Broadband light provided by the frequency-sweeping laser 1 passes through the optical coupler 2, 10% of light enters the optical coupler 3 and then is divided into two paths, one path of light can pass through the delay optical fiber 4, so that the time of the two paths of light entering the optical coupler 5 is inconsistent, interference occurs, interference signals are received by the light balance detector 16 and are collected by the data acquisition card 21, and strain signals on the sensing optical fiber are demodulated by combining Rayleigh interference signals received by the balance detector two 12. The connection between the components is welded or flanged by a welding machine.
In this embodiment, the optical path diagram of the system shown in fig. 1 is an integration of the optical path diagram of the temperature sensing and vibration sensing principle shown in fig. 3 and the optical path diagram of the strain sensing principle shown in fig. 4.
The output end of the optical coupler 9 is connected with an optical isolator 10. The input of optical isolator 10 connection fiber circulator 13, the input of wavelength division multiplexer 18(WDM) is connected to the sensing end of fiber circulator 13, and the input of 1 x 2 optical coupler 14 is connected to the reflection end of fiber circulator 13, and the splitting ratio of optical coupler 14 is 50: 50. one output end of the optical coupler 14 is connected with the band-pass filter 15, the band-pass filter 15 is connected with the other input end of the optical coupler 11, the output end of the optical coupler 11 is connected with the balanced photoelectric detector 12, and the output end of the PBD12 is connected with the data acquisition card 21; the other end of the output of the optical coupler 14 is connected to a wavelength division multiplexer 16. The output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 16 is connected with a single-channel photoelectric detector 17(APD), and the output end of the photoelectric detector 17 is connected with an A/D data acquisition card 20. The sensing end of the wavelength division multiplexer 18 is connected with a single mode fiber 21, two output ends of the wavelength division multiplexer 18 are respectively connected with two input ends of a double-channel photoelectric detector 19, and two output ends of the photoelectric detector 19 are connected with an A/D data acquisition card 20.
The pulse laser 7 is used for providing pulse light for the temperature sensing unit and the vibration sensing unit; the swept-frequency laser 1 is used to provide broadband light for the strain sensing unit. The broadband light emitted by the swept-frequency laser 1 passes through an optical coupler 2 (90% end) and an optical coupler 8 (99% end) and is coupled with pulsed light provided by a pulse laser 7 in an optical coupler 9. The coupled light passes forward through an optical isolator 10, which isolates the back-scattered light, and then enters an optical fiber circulator 13. The coupled light enters the single mode fiber 21 after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer 18, and the coupled light generates raman scattered light and rayleigh scattered light in the single mode fiber. The backscattered light is separated into stokes light and anti-stokes light by the wavelength division multiplexer 18 and sent to the dual-channel photodetector 19 for collection of raman temperature signals by the a/D collection card 20. The backscattered light filtered by the wavelength division multiplexer 18 is received by the fiber circulator and then split into two paths of light by the optical coupler 14: one path of light is filtered by a wavelength division multiplexer 16 to obtain back Rayleigh scattered light, the back Rayleigh scattered light enters a single-channel photoelectric detector, and then an A/D acquisition card 20 is used for acquiring Rayleigh vibration signals; the other path of light is filtered by the band-pass filter 15 to generate interference with the broadband light provided by the sweep-frequency laser 1 through the optical coupler 2 (90% end) and the optical coupler 8 (1% end) in the optical coupler 11, and interference signals are received by the optical balance detector 12 and collected by the data acquisition card 21. Broadband light provided by the frequency-sweeping laser 1 passes through the optical coupler 2, 10% of light enters the optical coupler 3 and then is divided into two paths, one path of light can pass through the delay optical fiber to cause phase difference inconsistency when the two paths of light enter the optical coupler 5, so that interference occurs, interference signals are received by the light balance detector 6 and are collected by the data acquisition card 21, and strain signals on the sensing optical fiber are demodulated by combining Rayleigh interference signals received by the balance detector 12.
The center wavelength of the pulse laser 7 is 1550 nm. The light source bandwidth of the swept-frequency laser 1 is 1520-1540 nm. The wavelength division multiplexer 18 consists of a backward Raman anti-Stokes scattered light broadband filter with the central wavelength of 1450nm and a backward Raman Stokes scattered light broadband filter with the central wavelength of 1660 nm. The wavelength division multiplexer 16 is composed of a backward rayleigh scattered light broadband filter having a center wavelength of 1550 nm. The band-pass filter 15 is composed of a broadband filter with the bandwidth of 1520-1540 nm. The sampling rate of the A/D data acquisition card 20 is 100MHz, the number of input channels is 3, and the precision is 12 bits. The number of input channels of the data acquisition card 21 is 2.
When the distributed optical fiber sensing system is used, the distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting the driving current, the repetition frequency and the pulse width of a pulse laser; and setting the output bandwidth and power of the swept-frequency laser.
Step 2: setting the trigger length of an A/D acquisition card, receiving the trigger of the coupled optical pulse by the A/D acquisition card and the data acquisition card, acquiring data, performing data accumulation processing, and performing data accumulation processing; and transmitting the data after accumulation processing to an upper computer.
And step 3: after the upper computer receives the data of the A/D acquisition card and the data acquisition card, the data are demodulated according to the following principles respectively: according to the linear relation between the anti-stokes signal intensity ratio and the temperature, the upper computer software can calculate the temperature information on the sensing optical fiber; monitoring the change information of the vibration of the sensing optical fiber according to the characteristic that the Rayleigh scattering signal is sensitive to the vibration signal; according to the characteristic that the Rayleigh interference signal is sensitive to strain, the interference signal is transformed to a frequency domain through Fourier transform for processing, and the strain signal can be demodulated.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The distributed optical fiber sensing system is characterized by comprising a temperature sensing unit, a vibration sensing unit and an optical fiber strain sensing unit, wherein the temperature sensing unit and the vibration sensing unit share a pulse light source, a pulse laser and a frequency-sweeping laser are integrated through an optical coupler, meanwhile, backward Raman scattering light and backward Rayleigh scattering light are separated from a band-pass filter one by one through a wavelength division multiplexer, are received by a photoelectric detector and carry out data acquisition through a data acquisition card.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulsed laser generates raman scattering and rayleigh scattering in the sensing fiber, the wavelength division multiplexing device separates the back raman scattered light, the rayleigh scattered light enters the circulator, and the separated light enters the photodetector.
3. The distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical fiber strain sensing unit comprises a frequency-swept laser, an optical coupler, a time-delay optical fiber and an optical balance detector, wherein the frequency-swept laser is divided into two paths, one path generates local interference light through the optical coupler and the time-delay optical fiber and is received by the optical balance detector, 99% of the other path of light enters the sensing optical fiber, and the back rayleigh scattering light and the rest 1% of local oscillation light enter the optical coupler to interfere and are received by the optical balance detector and are collected by a data acquisition card.
4. The distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature sensing unit, the vibration sensing unit and the strain sensing unit share a single-mode sensing optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexing device.
5. A distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneous measurement of temperature, strain and vibration according to claim 3 wherein the swept-frequency laser is connected to a first 1 x 2 optical coupler, the first 1 x 2 optical coupler has a splitting ratio of 90:10, 90% of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected to a fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler, the fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler has a splitting ratio of 99:1, 99% of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected to one end of a fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler, the fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler has a splitting ratio of 50:50, and the pulsed laser is connected to the other end of the fifth 2 x 1 optical coupler; 1% of all the paths of the fourth 1 x 2 optical coupler are connected with one input end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler, 10% of all the paths of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler are connected with the second 1 x 2 optical coupler, the splitting ratio of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is 50:50, one output end of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with the third 2 x 1 optical coupler, the other end of the second 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with a section of delay optical fiber and then connected with the third 2 x 1 optical coupler, the output end of the third 2 x 1 optical coupler is connected with the first balanced photoelectric detector, and the output end of the first balanced photoelectric detector is connected with a data acquisition card; the output of fourth optical coupler connects optical isolator, and optical isolator connects the input of optic fibre circulator, and the input of wavelength division multiplexer two is connected to the sensing end of optic fibre circulator, and the input of seventh 1 × 2 optical coupler is connected to the reflection end of optic fibre circulator, and the beam-splitting ratio of seventh 1 × 2 optical coupler is 50:50, one output end of the seventh 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with a band-pass filter, the band-pass filter is connected with the other input end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler, the output end of the sixth 2 x 1 optical coupler is connected with the second balanced photoelectric detector, and the output end of the second balanced photoelectric detector is connected with a data acquisition card; the output end of the seventh 1 x 2 optical coupler is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the single-channel photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the A/D data acquisition card, the sensing end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the single-mode optical fiber, two output ends of the second wavelength division multiplexer are respectively connected with two input ends of the double-channel photoelectric detector, and two output ends of the photoelectric detector are connected with the A/D data acquisition card.
6. The distributed optical fiber sensing system for simultaneously measuring temperature, strain and vibration according to claim 5, wherein the trigger length of the A/D data acquisition card has the following relationship with the length of the sensing optical fiber: m ═ L0(8), wherein M is the trigger length; l is0Is the fiber length in m.
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| CN112504309A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-03-16 | 南京东智安全科技有限公司 | Distributed sensing system and method for simultaneously measuring vibration and strain of fiber bragg grating |
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| CN113654679A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 太原理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber temperature and strain simultaneous sensing system |
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