CN113432647B - Ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method - Google Patents
Ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method, and relates to the technical field of communication. The system comprises: a laser for generating a pulse signal; the first relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the output end of the laser and is used for amplifying the pulse signal to obtain a first amplified signal; the input end of the optical fiber sensing module is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplifying signal to obtain a sensing signal; the input end of the detection module group is electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module and is used for detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signal. The invention combines the first relay amplifying module, the optical fiber sensing module comprising one sensing optical fiber and the first relay amplifying module, can realize the multifunction of a single optical fiber, and can ensure the detection sensitivity of the single optical fiber with the multifunction during ultra-long distance detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method.
Background
The optical fiber has the advantages of no electrification, small volume, light weight, easy bending, good anti-interference performance and the like, and is particularly suitable for flammable and explosive environments or severe environments such as strong electromagnetic interference and the like. In practical applications, changes in external signals may cause changes in physical characteristics of the light waves transmitted in the optical fiber, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state, etc. Furthermore, the external signal can be perceived according to the change of the physical characteristic parameters of the optical wave signal in the optical fiber. Thereby utilizing the optical fiber to realize the detection of the external environment.
The current optical fiber sensing technology has the following defects:
1) If multiple physical characteristic parameters need to be detected, a plurality of optical fiber sensing circuits need to be arranged, the arrangement cost is higher, and the functions of the single optical fiber are more single;
2) When the ultra-long distance detection is performed, the intensity of the light wave in the single optical fiber is gradually attenuated, so that the sensing capability of the light wave in the single optical fiber on the signal is gradually weakened along with the extension of the detection distance, and the detection precision of the light wave in the single optical fiber is gradually reduced.
Therefore, the single optical fiber in the existing optical fiber sensing technology has single function, and the optical fiber sensing sensitivity of a far detection position can not be ensured when the ultra-long distance detection is performed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method. According to the invention, the single optical fiber is combined with the detection module group, and the single optical fiber can be used for detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information at the same time, so that the single optical fiber has multifunction. And moreover, the single optical fiber with multifunction is combined with the relay amplification module, so that the optical fiber sensing sensitivity at a far position during ultra-long distance detection can be effectively ensured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system, comprising:
a laser for generating a pulse signal;
the first relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the output end of the laser and is used for amplifying the pulse signal to obtain a first amplified signal;
the input end of the optical fiber sensing module is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplifying signal to obtain a sensing signal;
the input end of the detection module group is electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module and is used for detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signal.
Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:
the input end of the pulse modulator is electrically connected with the output end of the laser, and the output end of the pulse modulator is electrically connected with the input end of the first relay amplifying module;
the pulse modulator carries out pulse modulation processing on the pulse signal to obtain a modulated signal;
and the first relay amplification module amplifies the modulation signal to obtain the first amplified signal.
Specifically, the optical fiber sensing module includes:
the first port of the circulator is used as the input end of the optical fiber sensing module and is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module; the third port and the fourth port are electrically connected with the input end of the detection module group;
and the sensing optical fiber is electrically connected with the second port of the circulator and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplified signal to obtain the sensing signal.
Specifically, the detection module group comprises a first detection module, a second detection module and a demodulator;
the input end of the first detection module is electrically connected with the third port of the circulator, and the output end of the first detection module is electrically connected with the input end of the demodulator and is used for separating Raman scattering components from the sensing signal;
the second detection module is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator, and the output of the second detection module enters the demodulator through the fifth port of the circulator and is used for separating Rayleigh scattering components from the sensing signal;
the input end of the demodulator is electrically connected with the fifth port of the circulator and is used for demodulating the Raman scattering component to obtain temperature information and strain information of the external environment; and the method is also used for demodulating the Rayleigh scattering component to obtain vibration information of the external environment.
Specifically, the sensing optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber or a multi-mode optical fiber.
Specifically, if the optical fiber sensing modules are plural, the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system further includes:
an optical coupler; the input end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module, and each output end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the input end of one optical fiber sensing module and is used for coupling the first amplifying signals into a plurality of coupling signals;
a second set of relay amplification modules; the second relay amplifying module group comprises a plurality of second relay amplifying modules;
the input end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with one output end of the optical coupler, and the output end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the input end of one optical fiber sensing module and is used for amplifying the coupling signal to obtain a second amplified signal; and the optical fiber sensing module senses physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the second amplified signal to obtain the sensing signal.
Specifically, the first detection module includes:
the input end of the Raman scattering coupler is used as the input end of the first detection module and is electrically connected with the third port of the circulator;
the fiber Bragg grating is electrically connected with the output end of the Raman scattering coupler;
the photodiode group is electrically connected with the output end of the fiber Bragg grating; the photodiode group comprises a plurality of photodiodes connected in parallel;
the output end of the photodiode group is used as the output end of the first detection module and is electrically connected with the input end of the demodulator;
the raman scattering component is separated in the perception signal by the first detection module.
Specifically, the second detection module includes:
the input end of the Rayleigh scattering coupler is used as the input end of the second detection module and is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator;
the reflecting mirror group is electrically connected with the output end of the Rayleigh scattering coupler;
the Rayleigh scattering coupler separates the Rayleigh scattering component from the sensing signal, the Rayleigh scattering component is reflected back to the circulator by the reflector group, and enters the demodulator through a fifth port of the circulator.
Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:
the computer control system is electrically connected with the pulse modulator and is used for controlling the pulse modulation processing intensity of the pulse modulator; and the sensor is also electrically connected with the output end of the detection module group and used for receiving and storing temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment detected from the sensing signal.
The invention also provides an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing method, which comprises the following steps:
generating a pulse signal by using a laser;
amplifying the pulse signal by using a first relay amplifying module to obtain a first amplified signal;
sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment based on the first amplified signal by utilizing at least one optical fiber sensing module to obtain a sensing signal;
and detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signals by using a detection module group.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system and method provided by the invention, a single optical fiber in an optical fiber sensing module is utilized to sense physical characteristic parameters in an external environment, so as to obtain a sensing signal; and then detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information corresponding to the sensing signals according to the sensing signals by using a detection module group electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module. Based on the above, the invention can realize the purpose of 'multiple functions of a single optical fiber' based on the sensing signal by arranging the detection module group behind the optical fiber sensing module containing the single optical fiber, thereby effectively improving the utilization value of the single optical fiber. In addition, the first relay amplifying module is arranged between the laser and the optical fiber sensing module, and the first relay amplifying module can be used for adjusting the intensity of pulse signals generated by the laser so as to provide light wave intensity support for ultra-long distance optical fiber transmission and ensure higher sensitivity of optical fiber detection at a far position.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing method in embodiment 2 of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
1-a laser;
2-a first relay amplification module;
3-optical fiber sensing module, 31-circulator, 32-sensing optical fiber;
4-detection module group, 41-first detection module, 411-Raman scattering coupler, 412-fiber Bragg grating, 413-photodiode group, 42-second detection module, 421-Rayleigh scattering coupler, 422-reflector group, 43-demodulator;
a 5-pulse modulator;
a 6-optocoupler;
7-a second relay amplification module;
8-computer control system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As described in the background, the following two problems exist with the single optical fiber in the existing optical fiber sensing technology:
1) If multiple physical characteristic parameters need to be detected, a plurality of optical fiber sensing circuits need to be arranged, the arrangement cost is higher, and the functions of the single optical fiber are more single;
2) When the ultra-long distance detection is performed, the intensity of the light wave in the single optical fiber is gradually attenuated, so that the sensing capability of the light wave in the single optical fiber on the signal is gradually weakened along with the extension of the detection distance, and the detection precision of the light wave in the single optical fiber is gradually reduced.
That is, the existing single optical fiber has no versatility, and when the single optical fiber is utilized to perform ultra-long distance detection, the intensity attenuation of the light wave in the single optical fiber causes lower detection sensitivity of the single optical fiber at a far position, thereby affecting the capability and efficiency of the single optical fiber for acquiring temperature information, strain information and vibration information in the external environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the detection module group with the detection capability of various physical characteristic parameters is combined with the optical fiber sensing module containing the single optical fiber, so that the detection capability of the single optical fiber on various physical characteristic parameters is effectively enhanced, and the versatility of the single optical fiber is ensured; meanwhile, the first relay amplification module with the power amplification capability is combined with the optical fiber sensing module and the detection module group which comprise single optical fibers, so that the optical fiber sensing sensitivity of the single optical fibers in ultra-long distance detection is effectively enhanced, and the multifunctional detection of the single optical fibers at any position in the ultra-long distance can be realized.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1:
the invention introduces an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system in an embodiment 1, which comprises: a laser 1, a first relay amplification module 2, an optical fiber sensing module 3 and a detection module group 4. Wherein,
the laser 1 is used for generating pulse signals;
the first relay amplification module 2 is electrically connected with the output end of the laser 1 and is used for amplifying the pulse signal to obtain a first amplified signal;
the input end of the optical fiber sensing module 3 is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module 2 and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplifying signal to obtain a sensing signal;
the input end of the detection module group 4 is electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module 3 and is used for detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signal.
In the above specific system structure, the optical fiber sensing module 3 including a single optical fiber is combined with the detection module group 4, and the detection function of the single optical fiber can be effectively increased by utilizing the sensing capability of the detection module group 4 to various physical feature vectors. In order to solve the second technical problem, in the system, the first relay amplifying module 2, the optical fiber sensing module 3 comprising a single optical fiber and the detection module group 4 are taken as main bodies, and the pulse signal amplifying capability of the first relay amplifying module 2 is utilized to effectively improve the intensity of the optical wave in the single optical fiber, so that the remote detection capability of the single optical fiber is improved; the detection capability of the detection module group 4 on various physical feature vectors is combined, so that the light waves in the single optical fiber have multifunctional detection capability while the ultra-long distance detection strength of the light waves in the single optical fiber is ensured, and the high sensitivity and the detection versatility of the single optical fiber during ultra-long distance detection are both realized.
The following describes each of the above structures in detail.
In addition to the system main body formed by the laser 1, the first relay amplifying module 2, the optical fiber sensing module 3 and the detection module group 4, the system also comprises a pulse modulator 5, an optical coupler 6, a second relay amplifying module group 7 and a computer control system 8.
Wherein the pulse modulator 5 is located between the laser 1 and the first relay amplification module 2. Specifically, the input end of the pulse modulator 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the laser 1, and the output end of the pulse modulator 5 is electrically connected to the input end of the first relay amplifying module 2.
The pulse signal generated by the laser 1 can be modulated by the pulse modulator 5 to obtain a modulated signal. And then the first relay amplification module 2 electrically connected with the pulse modulator 5 amplifies the modulated signal to obtain a first amplified signal, and then the obtained first amplified signal is used as a detection signal for detection by a single optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module 3.
The pulse modulator 5 is a device used in an electronic circuit for changing or maintaining the power supply of the circuit, and the pulse modulator 5 is electrically connected between the laser 1 and the first relay amplifying module 2, so that the intensity of a pulse signal generated in the laser 1 can be changed by using the pulse modulator 5, and the intensity of a signal used for detecting the external environment subsequently can be changed, thereby realizing the tunability of different detection capabilities.
If there are a plurality of optical fiber sensing modules 3, the optical fiber sensing system further includes an optical coupler 6 and a second relay amplifying module group 7.
Specifically, the input end of the optical coupler 6 is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module 2, and each output end of the optical coupler 6 is electrically connected with the input end of one 3 optical fiber sensing module, so as to couple the first amplified signals into a plurality of coupled signals;
the second relay amplification module group 7 includes a plurality of second relay amplification modules; the input end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with one output end of the optical coupler 6, and the output end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the input end of one optical fiber sensing module 3 and is used for amplifying the coupling signal to obtain a second amplified signal; the optical fiber sensing module 3 senses physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the second amplified signal to obtain a sensing signal.
In the invention, when the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system is utilized to perform ultra-long distance optical fiber detection, the optical coupler 6 can be utilized to couple the first amplified signals output by the first relay amplifying module 2 into a plurality of coupled signals, each second relay amplifying module in the second relay amplifying module group 7 electrically connected with the optical coupler 6 is utilized to amplify each coupled signal in the plurality of coupled signals, and then each coupled signal is used as an input signal of each optical fiber sensing module 3 electrically connected with each second relay amplifying module in the second relay amplifying module group 7, namely, each optical fiber sensing module 3 utilizes the amplified signals generated by each second relay amplifying module in the second relay amplifying module group 7 to detect various physical characteristic parameters of the external environment, so as to obtain sensing signals.
In this process, the splitting function of the optical coupler 6 is utilized, after the first amplified signal is split by the optical coupler 6 to obtain a plurality of coupled signals, the multi-channel detection capability of the optical fiber sensing system according to the present invention can be extended based on the plurality of coupled signals through the plurality of second relay amplifying modules in the second relay amplifying module group 7. Namely, when the detection distance is unchanged, the number of the optical fiber sensing modules 3 for detecting the external environment can be adjusted by selecting different optical couplers 6, so that the multi-branch coverage physical characteristic parameter detection of the external environment is realized.
The invention is characterized in that a computer control system 8 is electrically connected with the pulse modulator 5 and is used for controlling the pulse modulation processing intensity of the pulse modulator 5; the computer control system 8 is also electrically connected to the output of the detection module set 4, and is configured to receive and store temperature information, strain information, and vibration information of the external environment detected from the sensing signal.
The purpose of this setting is to utilize the high-efficient calculation, control and processing capacity of the computer control system 8 itself to control the pulse modulation processing capacity of the pulse modulator 5 in real time, and adjust the intensity of the first amplified signal and other physical parameters acting on the optical fiber sensing module 3 by adjusting and controlling the pulse modulation processing capacity of the pulse modulator 5 in real time, so as to adjust and control the intensity of the sensing signal required for detecting the temperature information, the strain information and the vibration information of the external environment in the optical fiber sensing module 3 in real time, thereby improving the sensing sensitivity when the single optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing module 3 is utilized for detection.
Further, the optical fiber sensing module 3 in the present invention includes a circulator 31 and a sensing optical fiber 32.
Wherein,
the first port of the circulator 31 is used as an input end of the optical fiber sensing module 3 and is electrically connected with an output end of the first relay amplifying module 2; the third port and the fourth port of the circulator 31 are electrically connected with the input end of the detection module group 4;
the sensing optical fiber 32 is electrically connected with the second port of the circulator 31, and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by using the first amplified signal to obtain a sensing signal.
The detection module group 4 in the present invention includes a first detection module 41, a second detection module 42, and a demodulator 43;
an input end of the first detection module 41 is electrically connected with a third port of the circulator 31, and an output end of the first detection module 41 is electrically connected with an input end of the demodulator 43, and is used for separating a raman scattering component from a sensing signal;
the second detection module 42 is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator 31, and the output of the second detection module 42 enters the demodulator 43 through the fifth port of the circulator 31 for separating the rayleigh scattering component from the sensing signal;
the input end of the demodulator 43 is electrically connected with the fifth port of the circulator 31, and is used for demodulating the raman scattering component to obtain temperature information and strain information of the external environment; and the method is also used for demodulating the Rayleigh scattering component to obtain vibration information of the external environment.
Based on the above, the circulator 31 in the present invention includes five ports: the first port is electrically connected to the output of the first relay amplification module 2, the second port is electrically connected to the input of the sensing fiber 32, the third port is electrically connected to the input of the first detection module 41, the fourth port is electrically connected to the input of the second detection module 42, and the fifth port is electrically connected to the input of the demodulator 43.
The circulator 31 is characterized in that signals obtained from a previous port are transferred to a current port in a specific order, and signals obtained from the current port are transferred to a next port. That is, in the present invention, the first amplified signal generated by the first relay amplifying module 2 will first enter the first port of the circulator 31, enter the sensing optical fiber 32 through the second port of the circulator 31, and the sensing optical fiber 32 senses the physical characteristic parameters of the external environment to obtain a sensing signal; after that, the sensing signal is returned to the circulator 31 through the second port of the circulator 31, enters the first detection module 41 through the third port of the circulator 31, the first detection module 41 separates raman scattering components from the sensing signal, the demodulator 43 demodulates the raman scattering components to obtain temperature information and strain information of the external environment corresponding to the sensing signal, other signals except the raman scattering components in the sensing signal are returned to the circulator 31 through the third port, enter the second detection module 42 through the fourth port of the circulator 31, the second detection module 42 separates rayleigh scattering components from other signals except the raman scattering components in the sensing signal, and the demodulator 43 demodulates the rayleigh scattering components to obtain vibration information of the external environment corresponding to the sensing signal.
On the basis, the computer control system 8 can be electrically connected with the output end of the demodulator 43 in the detection module group 4, and is used for receiving and storing the temperature information, the strain information and the vibration information of the external environment corresponding to the sensing signals, which are obtained through demodulation of the demodulator 43, so that the information can be conveniently checked and shared in real time.
More specifically, the first detection module 41 in the present invention includes a raman scattering coupler 411, a fiber bragg grating 412, and a photodiode group 413.
Wherein,
the input end of the raman scattering coupler 411 is used as the input end of the first detection module 41 and is electrically connected with the third port of the circulator 31;
the fiber bragg grating 412 is electrically connected to the output of the raman scattering coupler 411;
the photodiode group 413 is electrically connected to the output end of the fiber bragg grating 412; the photodiode group 413 includes a plurality of photodiodes connected in parallel; by adjusting the number of photodiodes in the photodiode group 413, the detection capability of the first detection module 41 for temperature information and strain information of the external environment corresponding to the sensing signal can be adjusted.
An output terminal of the photodiode group 413 is electrically connected to an input terminal of the demodulator 43 as an output terminal of the first detection module 41.
Raman scattering components can be separated from the perceived signal by the cooperation of raman scattering coupler 411, fiber bragg grating 412, and photodiode group 413.
The second detection module 42 in the present invention includes a rayleigh scattering coupler 421 and a mirror group 422.
Wherein,
the input end of the rayleigh scattering coupler 421 is used as the input end of the second detection module 42 and is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator 31;
the reflector group 422 is electrically connected with the output end of the Rayleigh scattering coupler 421;
the rayleigh scattering coupler 421 may separate the rayleigh scattering component from other signals in the sense signal than the raman scattering component. The separated rayleigh scattering component is reflected by the reflector group 422 and then returned to the circulator 31 through the fourth port of the circulator 31, enters the demodulator 43 through the fifth port of the circulator 31, and is demodulated by the demodulator 43 to obtain the vibration information of the external environment corresponding to the sensing signal.
Furthermore, the sensing fiber 32 located in the fiber sensing module 3 of the present invention may be a single mode fiber or a multimode fiber.
In summary, in the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system provided by the invention, the single sensing optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber sensing module 3 is utilized to sense the physical characteristic parameters in the external environment, so as to obtain the sensing signal; and then, detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information corresponding to the sensing signals according to the sensing signals by using a detection module group 4 electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module 3.
Based on the above, the detection module group 4 is arranged behind the optical fiber sensing module 3 comprising the single sensing optical fiber 32, so that the purpose of realizing multiple functions of the single optical fiber based on the sensing signal can be realized, and the utilization value of the single sensing optical fiber 32 is effectively improved. In addition, the first relay amplifying module 2 is arranged between the laser 1 and the optical fiber sensing module 3, and the intensity of the pulse signal generated by the laser 1 can be adjusted by utilizing the amplifying capability of the first relay amplifying module 2 on the signal, so that the optical wave intensity support is provided for ultra-long distance optical fiber transmission, and the higher sensitivity of optical fiber detection at a far position is ensured.
If the optical fiber sensing modules 3 are multiple, the optical couplers 6 and the second relay amplifying modules 7 positioned between the optical fiber sensing modules 3 and the detecting module groups 4 can be used for multiplexing and amplifying the first amplified signals, when the detection distance is unchanged, the detection area of the external environment is expanded, and the real-time regulation and control of the pulse modulation processing capacity of the pulse modulator 5 are realized through the computer control system 8, so that the high-sensitivity detection of various physical characteristic parameters of the external environment at each position in the detection distance is realized.
Therefore, the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention can effectively solve the technical problems of the existing single optical fiber in the background technology, and can realize the compatibility of the multifunctionality of the single optical fiber and the high sensitivity of ultra-long distance detection.
Example 2:
the invention also introduces an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing method in the embodiment 2, which comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a pulse signal by using a laser 1;
s2, amplifying the pulse signal by using a first relay amplifying module 2 to obtain a first amplified signal;
s3, sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment based on the first amplified signal by utilizing at least one optical fiber sensing module 3 to obtain a sensing signal;
s4, detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signals by using the detection module group 4.
The ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system provided in the embodiment 1 of the invention can effectively solve the prior art problem, and on the basis of achieving the compatibility of single optical fiber multifunctionality and ultra-long distance detection high sensitivity, the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing method provided in the embodiment 2 of the invention is based on the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system described in the embodiment 1, and can also effectively solve the prior art problem, so that the detection high sensitivity of each position of the single optical fiber during ultra-long distance detection can be ensured while the detection of various physical characteristic parameters of the external environment is achieved.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system, comprising:
a laser for generating a pulse signal;
the first relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the output end of the laser and is used for amplifying the pulse signal to obtain a first amplified signal;
the input ends of the optical fiber sensing modules are electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module and are used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplifying signals to obtain sensing signals;
wherein a single fiber optic sensing module comprises:
the first port of the circulator is used as the input end of the optical fiber sensing module and is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module; the third port and the fourth port are electrically connected with the input end of the detection module group;
the sensing optical fiber is electrically connected with the second port of the circulator and is used for sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the first amplified signal to obtain the sensing signal;
the detection module group comprises a first detection module, a second detection module and a demodulator;
the input end of the first detection module is electrically connected with the third port of the circulator, and the output end of the first detection module is electrically connected with the input end of the demodulator and is used for separating Raman scattering components from the sensing signal;
the second detection module is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator, and the output of the second detection module enters the demodulator through the fifth port of the circulator and is used for separating Rayleigh scattering components from the sensing signal;
the input end of the demodulator is electrically connected with the fifth port of the circulator and is used for demodulating the Raman scattering component to obtain temperature information and strain information of the external environment; the method is also used for demodulating the Rayleigh scattering component to obtain vibration information of the external environment;
an optical coupler; the input end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the output end of the first relay amplifying module, and each output end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the input end of one optical fiber sensing module and is used for coupling the first amplifying signals into a plurality of coupling signals;
a second set of relay amplification modules; the second relay amplifying module group comprises a plurality of second relay amplifying modules;
the input end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with one output end of the optical coupler, and the output end of each second relay amplifying module is electrically connected with the input end of one optical fiber sensing module and is used for amplifying the coupling signal to obtain a second amplified signal; the optical fiber sensing module senses physical characteristic parameters of the external environment by utilizing the second amplified signal to obtain the sensing signal;
the input end of the detection module group is electrically connected with the output end of the optical fiber sensing module and is used for detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signal;
the second detection module includes:
the input end of the Rayleigh scattering coupler is used as the input end of the second detection module and is electrically connected with the fourth port of the circulator;
the reflecting mirror group is electrically connected with the output end of the Rayleigh scattering coupler;
the Rayleigh scattering coupler separates the Rayleigh scattering component from the sensing signal, the Rayleigh scattering component is reflected back to the circulator by the reflector group, and enters the demodulator through a fifth port of the circulator.
2. The ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system of claim 1, further comprising:
the input end of the pulse modulator is electrically connected with the output end of the laser, and the output end of the pulse modulator is electrically connected with the input end of the first relay amplifying module;
the pulse modulator carries out pulse modulation processing on the pulse signal to obtain a modulated signal;
and the first relay amplification module amplifies the modulation signal to obtain the first amplified signal.
3. The ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensing optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber or a multimode optical fiber.
4. The ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system of claim 1 wherein the first detection module comprises:
the input end of the Raman scattering coupler is used as the input end of the first detection module and is electrically connected with the third port of the circulator;
the fiber Bragg grating is electrically connected with the output end of the Raman scattering coupler;
the photodiode group is electrically connected with the output end of the fiber Bragg grating; the photodiode group comprises a plurality of photodiodes connected in parallel;
the output end of the photodiode group is used as the output end of the first detection module and is electrically connected with the input end of the demodulator;
the raman scattering component is separated in the perception signal by the first detection module.
5. The ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system of claim 2, further comprising:
the computer control system is electrically connected with the pulse modulator and is used for controlling the pulse modulation processing intensity of the pulse modulator; and the sensor is also electrically connected with the output end of the detection module group and used for receiving and storing temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment detected from the sensing signal.
6. A sensing method applied to the ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber multi-parameter parallel sensing system as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
generating a pulse signal by using a laser;
amplifying the pulse signal by using a first relay amplifying module to obtain a first amplified signal;
sensing physical characteristic parameters of the external environment based on the first amplified signals by utilizing a plurality of optical fiber sensing modules to obtain sensing signals;
and detecting temperature information, strain information and vibration information of the external environment from the sensing signals by using a detection module group.
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