CN107333712A - 一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于牛养殖技术领域,尤其是一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,具体方法如下:(1)断奶后1~20天;(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束;本发明断奶后1~20天,黄牛生长器官发育不完善,饲喂断奶料和营养液,有助于纤维素消化,提高机体对粗蛋白质等养分的消化利用率,促进其生长发育,增强其抗病能力;断奶后21天,黄牛生长器官逐渐发育完善,饲喂育肥料,有效促进唾液、胃液、胰液及胆汁的大量分泌,兴奋胃肠平滑肌,加快胃肠蠕动,加快营养物质的吸收速度,对增强和提高机体一系列新陈代谢过程,改善黄牛的食欲,有助于其快速生长发育,减少腹脂肪的沉积,有效提高其屠宰性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于牛养殖技术领域,尤其是一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速发展,居民生活水平明显提高,对牛肉的需求量也越来越大,所以急需提高牛肉产量,而牛的屠宰性能是牛肉产量的重要评价标准,一般来说,犊牛断奶后,立即转入育肥阶段进行育肥,一直到出栏体重为止,但是如果育肥牛断奶后饲养不当对其育肥质量会造成极大不良影响,从而降低其屠宰性能,降低牛肉产量;因此发明一种能够有效解决以上问题的牛的育肥技术是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,具体方法如下:
(1)断奶后1~20天
每天饲喂重量为其体重1.16%~1.18%的断奶料,每天饲喂5次、每次饲喂量均相同,每天饲喂营养液440~450mL/头;
所述的断奶料,由以下重量份的原料制成:新鲜桑叶12~13份、新鲜火龙果皮9~10份、胡萝卜16~17份、麦麸68~70份、番茄籽粕94~98份;
(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束
每天饲喂重量为其体重0.94%~0.96%的育肥料,每天饲喂3次、每次饲喂量均相同;
所述的育肥料,由以下重量份的原料制成:番茄籽粕86~90份、大豆秸秆110~115份、啤酒糟44~46份、新鲜地瓜秧66~68份、食盐2.3~2.5份、椰子油3.3~3.5份、麦麸51~53份、新鲜芦荟7.3~7.7份、新鲜仙人掌8.2~8.6份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:复合益生菌2.2~2.4份、葡萄糖酸钙4.6~4.8份、葡萄糖酸锌2.9~3.1份、维生素E1.3~1.5份、维生素B51.9~2.1份、水970~980份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的复合益生菌,由以下重量比的益生菌制成:青春双歧杆菌:长双歧杆菌:纤维二糖乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=6.6~6.8:2.9~3.1:7.7~7.9:4.5~4.7。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的断奶料,按以下步骤进行制备:将麦麸和番茄籽粕混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制6~7min,加入重量为麦麸重量0.22~0.24倍量、质量分数为49%~51%的乙醇溶液继续文火炒制9~10min,得粕麸炒制粉;将新鲜桑叶、新鲜火龙果皮和胡萝卜分别洗净,混合粉碎,与粕麸炒制粉混合均匀,置入温度为140~150℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理15~17min,取出,置入温度为27~29℃的发酵箱内发酵55~60h,得断奶料。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的育肥料,按以下步骤进行制备:将番茄籽粕、大豆秸秆、啤酒糟和麦麸混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制10~11min,加入重量为大豆秸秆重量0.33~0.35倍量、质量分数为54%~56%的乙醇溶液,继续文火炒制8~9min,得混合炒制粉;将新鲜地瓜秧、新鲜芦荟和新鲜仙人掌分别洗净,混合粉碎,加入混合炒制粉、食盐和椰子油搓揉14~16min,置入温度为160~170℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理24~26min,取出,置入温度为31~33℃的发酵箱内发酵70~75h,得育肥料。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,断奶后1~20天,黄牛生长器官发育不完善,饲喂断奶料和营养液,有效促进促进瘤胃微生物活动,引起瘤胃环境变化,使瘤胃液周转更新率提高,有助于纤维素消化,提高机体对粗蛋白质等养分的消化利用率,并有效促进生长器官的快速生长发育,增强机体代谢功能,进而促进其生长发育,增强其抗病能力;断奶后21天,黄牛生长器官逐渐发育完善,饲喂育肥料,有效促进唾液、胃液、胰液及胆汁的大量分泌,兴奋胃肠平滑肌,加快胃肠蠕动,加快营养物质的吸收速度,提高黄牛体重,对黄牛的神经、体液起调节作用,从而增强和提高机体一系列新陈代谢过程,改善黄牛的食欲,有助于其快速生长发育,而且还可以促进腺垂体细胞分泌生长激素,抵制脂肪酸合成酶mRNA的转录,降低脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性而减少腹脂肪的沉积,有效提高其屠宰性能。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,具体方法如下:
(1)断奶后1~20天
每天饲喂重量为其体重1.16%的断奶料,每天饲喂5次、每次饲喂量均相同,每天饲喂营养液440mL/头;
所述的断奶料,由以下重量份的原料制成:新鲜桑叶12份、新鲜火龙果皮9份、胡萝卜16份、麦麸68份、番茄籽粕94份;
(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束
每天饲喂重量为其体重0.94%的育肥料,每天饲喂3次、每次饲喂量均相同;
所述的育肥料,由以下重量份的原料制成:番茄籽粕86份、大豆秸秆110份、啤酒糟44份、新鲜地瓜秧66份、食盐2.3份、椰子油3.3份、麦麸51份、新鲜芦荟7.3份、新鲜仙人掌8.2份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:复合益生菌2.2份、葡萄糖酸钙4.6份、葡萄糖酸锌2.9份、维生素E1.3份、维生素B51.9份、水970份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的复合益生菌,由以下重量比的益生菌制成:青春双歧杆菌:长双歧杆菌:纤维二糖乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=6.6:2.9:7.7:4.5。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的断奶料,按以下步骤进行制备:将麦麸和番茄籽粕混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制6min,加入重量为麦麸重量0.22倍量、质量分数为49%~51%的乙醇溶液继续文火炒制9min,得粕麸炒制粉;将新鲜桑叶、新鲜火龙果皮和胡萝卜分别洗净,混合粉碎,与粕麸炒制粉混合均匀,置入温度为140℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理15min,取出,置入温度为27℃的发酵箱内发酵55h,得断奶料。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的育肥料,按以下步骤进行制备:将番茄籽粕、大豆秸秆、啤酒糟和麦麸混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制10min,加入重量为大豆秸秆重量0.33倍量、质量分数为54%的乙醇溶液,继续文火炒制8min,得混合炒制粉;将新鲜地瓜秧、新鲜芦荟和新鲜仙人掌分别洗净,混合粉碎,加入混合炒制粉、食盐和椰子油搓揉14min,置入温度为160℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理24min,取出,置入温度为31℃的发酵箱内发酵70h,得育肥料。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,具体方法如下:
(1)断奶后1~20天
每天饲喂重量为其体重1.17%的断奶料,每天饲喂5次、每次饲喂量均相同,每天饲喂营养液445mL/头;
所述的断奶料,由以下重量份的原料制成:新鲜桑叶12.5份、新鲜火龙果皮9.5份、胡萝卜16.5份、麦麸69份、番茄籽粕96份;
(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束
每天饲喂重量为其体重0.95%的育肥料,每天饲喂3次、每次饲喂量均相同;
所述的育肥料,由以下重量份的原料制成:番茄籽粕88份、大豆秸秆113份、啤酒糟45份、新鲜地瓜秧67份、食盐2.4份、椰子油3.4份、麦麸52份、新鲜芦荟7.5份、新鲜仙人掌8.4份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:复合益生菌2.3份、葡萄糖酸钙4.7份、葡萄糖酸锌3份、维生素E1.4份、维生素B52份、水975份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的复合益生菌,由以下重量比的益生菌制成:青春双歧杆菌:长双歧杆菌:纤维二糖乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=6.7:3:7.8:4.6。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的断奶料,按以下步骤进行制备:将麦麸和番茄籽粕混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制6.5min,加入重量为麦麸重量0.23倍量、质量分数为50%的乙醇溶液继续文火炒制9.5min,得粕麸炒制粉;将新鲜桑叶、新鲜火龙果皮和胡萝卜分别洗净,混合粉碎,与粕麸炒制粉混合均匀,置入温度为145℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理16min,取出,置入温度为28℃的发酵箱内发酵58h,得断奶料。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的育肥料,按以下步骤进行制备:将番茄籽粕、大豆秸秆、啤酒糟和麦麸混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制10.5min,加入重量为大豆秸秆重量0.34倍量、质量分数为55%的乙醇溶液,继续文火炒制8.5min,得混合炒制粉;将新鲜地瓜秧、新鲜芦荟和新鲜仙人掌分别洗净,混合粉碎,加入混合炒制粉、食盐和椰子油搓揉15min,置入温度为165℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理25min,取出,置入温度为32℃的发酵箱内发酵73h,得育肥料。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,具体方法如下:
(1)断奶后1~20天
每天饲喂重量为其体重1.18%的断奶料,每天饲喂5次、每次饲喂量均相同,每天饲喂营养液450mL/头;
所述的断奶料,由以下重量份的原料制成:新鲜桑叶13份、新鲜火龙果皮10份、胡萝卜17份、麦麸70份、番茄籽粕98份;
(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束
每天饲喂重量为其体重0.96%的育肥料,每天饲喂3次、每次饲喂量均相同;
所述的育肥料,由以下重量份的原料制成:番茄籽粕90份、大豆秸秆115份、啤酒糟46份、新鲜地瓜秧68份、食盐2.5份、椰子油3.5份、麦麸53份、新鲜芦荟7.7份、新鲜仙人掌8.6份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:复合益生菌2.4份、葡萄糖酸钙4.8份、葡萄糖酸锌3.1份、维生素E1.5份、维生素B5.1份、水980份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的复合益生菌,由以下重量比的益生菌制成:青春双歧杆菌:长双歧杆菌:纤维二糖乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=6.8:3.1:7.9:4.7。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的断奶料,按以下步骤进行制备:将麦麸和番茄籽粕混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制7min,加入重量为麦麸重量0.24倍量、质量分数为51%的乙醇溶液继续文火炒制10min,得粕麸炒制粉;将新鲜桑叶、新鲜火龙果皮和胡萝卜分别洗净,混合粉碎,与粕麸炒制粉混合均匀,置入温度为150℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理17min,取出,置入温度为29℃的发酵箱内发酵60h,得断奶料。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的育肥料,按以下步骤进行制备:将番茄籽粕、大豆秸秆、啤酒糟和麦麸混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制11min,加入重量为大豆秸秆重量0.35倍量、质量分数为56%的乙醇溶液,继续文火炒制9min,得混合炒制粉;将新鲜地瓜秧、新鲜芦荟和新鲜仙人掌分别洗净,混合粉碎,加入混合炒制粉、食盐和椰子油搓揉16min,置入温度为170℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理26min,取出,置入温度为33℃的发酵箱内发酵75h,得育肥料。
选择生长状况良好、55日龄左右、体重相近的秦川黄牛40头,平均分成4组,每组10头,用实施例的育肥方法和对比例黄牛的普通育肥方法进行育肥实验,育肥至12月龄,统计其平均日增重如表1,测定其屠宰性能如表2:
表1 实施例和对比例的实验结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
平均日增重(kg) | 1.228 | 1.233 | 1.231 | 0.926 |
相对增重率(%) | 32.61 | 33.15 | 32.94 | —— |
从表1可知,本发明育肥方法育肥得到的育肥黄牛的增重率提高32.61%~33.15%,育肥速度明显高于对比例。
表2 实施例和对比例黄牛屠宰性能的测定结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
屠宰率(%) | 64.33 | 64.44 | 64.37 | 59.74 |
净肉率(%) | 55.34 | 55.57 | 55.43 | 49.78 |
胴体产肉率(%) | 86.13 | 86.18 | 86.14 | 78.58 |
从表2可知,本发明育肥方法育肥得到的育肥黄牛的屠宰性能明显高于对比例,能够取得极高的经济收益。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)断奶后1~20天
每天饲喂重量为其体重1.16%~1.18%的断奶料,每天饲喂5次、每次饲喂量均相同,每天饲喂营养液440~450mL/头;
所述的断奶料,由以下重量份的原料制成:新鲜桑叶12~13份、新鲜火龙果皮9~10份、胡萝卜16~17份、麦麸68~70份、番茄籽粕94~98份;
(2)断奶后21天至12月龄育肥结束
每天饲喂重量为其体重0.94%~0.96%的育肥料,每天饲喂3次、每次饲喂量均相同;
所述的育肥料,由以下重量份的原料制成:番茄籽粕86~90份、大豆秸秆110~115份、啤酒糟44~46份、新鲜地瓜秧66~68份、食盐2.3~2.5份、椰子油3.3~3.5份、麦麸51~53份、新鲜芦荟7.3~7.7份、新鲜仙人掌8.2~8.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,其特征在于,所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:复合益生菌2.2~2.4份、葡萄糖酸钙4.6~4.8份、葡萄糖酸锌2.9~3.1份、维生素E1.3~1.5份、维生素B51.9~2.1份、水970~980份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,其特征在于,所述的复合益生菌,由以下重量比的益生菌制成:青春双歧杆菌:长双歧杆菌:纤维二糖乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=6.6~6.8:2.9~3.1:7.7~7.9:4.5~4.7。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,其特征在于,所述的断奶料,按以下步骤进行制备:将麦麸和番茄籽粕混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制6~7min,加入重量为麦麸重量0.22~0.24倍量、质量分数为49%~51%的乙醇溶液继续文火炒制9~10min,得粕麸炒制粉;将新鲜桑叶、新鲜火龙果皮和胡萝卜分别洗净,混合粉碎,与粕麸炒制粉混合均匀,置入温度为140~150℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理15~17min,取出,置入温度为27~29℃的发酵箱内发酵55~60h,得断奶料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高55日龄断奶黄牛屠宰性能的育肥方法,其特征在于,所述的育肥料,按以下步骤进行制备:将番茄籽粕、大豆秸秆、啤酒糟和麦麸混合粉碎,置入炒锅内文火炒制10~11min,加入重量为大豆秸秆重量0.33~0.35倍量、质量分数为54%~56%的乙醇溶液,继续文火炒制8~9min,得混合炒制粉;将新鲜地瓜秧、新鲜芦荟和新鲜仙人掌分别洗净,混合粉碎,加入混合炒制粉、食盐和椰子油搓揉14~16min,置入温度为160~170℃的蒸制锅内恒温蒸汽处理24~26min,取出,置入温度为31~33℃的发酵箱内发酵70~75h,得育肥料。
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