CN107330274A - Consider the safe computational methods of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing of upstream dam bursting flood - Google Patents
Consider the safe computational methods of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing of upstream dam bursting flood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of safe computational methods of the earth and rockfill dam group control step of consideration upstream dam bursting flood sluicing, including：Calculate the advance of freshet of upstream dam break；Upstream dam bursting flood is calculated in middle reaches evolution；Calculate the big vast process of tune in middle reaches；Calculate the evolution that middle reaches reservoir continuously bursts；Calculate evolution of the dam bursting flood in lower reservoir；Calculate the big vast process of tune of downstream dam；Operating mode is determined.The present invention is by analyzing upstream dam when bursting, by downstream dam early warning, makes downstream control dam to soar in advance storage capacity, it is to avoid unrestrained to push up, and prevents dam break.Can also be by analyzing flood discharge nargin, setting up Extraordinary Flood-Relief Installations or increase flood discharge nargin further reduces the reservoir level before upstream dam bursting flood is reached, hence it is evident that improve the degree of safety of downstream dam.
Description
Technical field
It is one the present invention relates to a kind of safe computational methods of the earth and rockfill dam group control step of consideration upstream dam bursting flood sluicing
Water conservancy project computational methods are planted, are that a kind of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing safety analysis of consideration upstream dam bursting flood is calculated and disposed
Method.
Background technology
Earth and rockfill dam is one of dam type most widely used, with fastest developing speed and most promising in Dam constructions.Cascade development is formed
The crucial Flood inducing factors of multi-reservoir include：Upstream caused by super standard flood, various factors caused by extreme weather initiation rainfall
Tributary or risk trigger the dam bursting flood of step, especially the latter, once upstream is had an accident, it is desirable to the superfine dam tool of downstream control step
There is the big vast ability of enough tune, can block, weaken the risk of basin upstream step transmission, can it block risk and trigger ladder with risk
The flood stream that level is burst between flow and control step is closely related up to characteristic parameters such as time, storage capacity water levels, these sensitivity ginsengs
Number and the direct aerial drainage characteristic parameter restriction by dash and outlet structure escape works.Therefore, it is necessary to reappraise step earth and rockfill dam water
Can the sluicing safety of storehouse group control step meet the requirement under the conditions of the dam break of upstream.
The safety standard for considering step effect multi-reservoir has been studied, superfine dam is divided into special 1 grade of dam and special 2 grades of dams.It is right
In step storehouse group's layout of basin " up-small and down-big ", i.e. " special 2 grades of dams-earth and rockfill dam group-special 1 grade of dam ", when the special 2 grades of dams in upstream occur
After dam break, earth and rockfill dam group of mean people's reservoir capacity between two superfine dams is limited, it is clear that can not block dam bursting flood, this is just directly right
The sluicing on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy causes safely great risk.Because the standard on superfine dam is just received by academia, engineering circles, it is
Fangle, then consider how the sluicing of the earth and rockfill dam group control step of upstream dam bursting flood analyzes calculating, what is taken safely
Kind of measure early warning, which avoids the peak hour, take the emergence treating method of which kind of increase discharge capacity to have no design considerations refers to.
The discharge construction of earth and rockfill dam group control step caused by the dam bursting flood of upstream is not considered in existing design specification
The emergence treating method how thing analyzes calculating, takes which kind of measure early warning to avoid the peak hour, takes which kind of increase discharge capacity, general
Way is, it is contemplated that the extreme Flood inducing factors influence such as PMF that the basin is likely to occur or earthquake, is carrying out flood flood routing
Determine after reservoir capacity, check water level, then reserve certain rich degree, such as the method taken includes：Further increase dam crest
Elevation, the height for improving bulwark etc..Can only be referring generally to during due to Cascade Reservoirs planning and designing, have no specific value and determine
Method, causes to be designed with certain randomness, it is contemplated that upstream dam break is small probability event after all, and being further added by height of dam will directly lead
Cause being significantly increased for construction investment.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of earth and rockfill dam group control of consideration upstream dam bursting flood
The safe computational methods of step sluicing.Described method considers the earth and rockfill dam group control step outlet structure escape works peace of upstream dam bursting flood
Complete analysis calculating and method of disposal, and provide critical support to multi-reservoir risk prevention system.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of earth and rockfill dam group control step of consideration upstream dam bursting flood, which sluices, pacifies
Full computational methods, the targeted multi-reservoir of described method is that upstream is the dam one that construction quality safety standard is special 2 grades of dams
Seat, referred to as storehouse 1, middle reaches are the earth and rockfill dam group that the earth and rockfill dam that multiple construction quality safety standards are 2 grades is constituted, referred to as storehouse 2, downstream
It is as follows the step of described method for one, the dam that construction quality safety standard is special 1 grade of dam, referred to as storehouse 3：
The step of calculating the advance of freshet of upstream dam break：Calculate the dam break flood of the special 2 grades of dams in upstream or risk triggering step dam
Water overall process, especiallyQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）Curve：
；
Q Burst in storehouse 1For the dam break flow in storehouse 1, hereinQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）= Q b ,Q b Refer to general dam dam break flow rate calculation value；CFor dam break
The discharge coefficient of crevasse；BFor the crevasse width of storehouse 1；zFor the water level of storehouse 1；z d For the dam weir crest crevasse elevation of storehouse 1；WFor the storage capacity of storehouse 1；tFor the time；Q in Carry out flow for upstream；qFortMoment storehouse 1 outflow；
Upstream dam bursting flood is calculated the step of the evolution of middle reaches：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）In the advance of freshet of downstream river course
Overall process, obtains the equivalent reservoir upstream water level of middle reaches earth and rockfill dam group, discharge processQ On storehouse 2（t）And the time of dam bursting flood evolution,Q On storehouse 2For the upstream flowrate in storehouse 2：
；
Wherein：B r It is wide for the river course water surface；yFor the depth of water；QFor flow,Q = Q On storehouse 2(t)；xFor distance；gFor acceleration of gravity；AFor
River cross-section area；nFor river course manning roughness；sFor the energy gradient, subscript o is initial time；
The step of calculating the tune flood process in middle reaches：The fluctuation in stage of the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches under the conditions of calculating upstream dam break adjusts big vast mistake
Journey, is obtained before the equivalent reservoir dam in middle reachesZ Storehouse 2（t）Curve,Z Storehouse 2For the upstream water level in storehouse 2：
；
Wherein：HereinZ Storehouse 2（t）=y s ,y s Refer to general reservoir level；Q in (t) betThe inbound traffics in moment middle reaches storehouse 2, i.e.,Q in
(t) = Q On storehouse 2(t)；Q 2,out(z,m) betMoment storehouse 2 outflow；mFor outlet structure escape works discharge coefficient；
The step of calculating the evolution that middle reaches reservoir continuously bursts：The upstream water level in central swimming storehouseZ Storehouse 2（t）t Dam breakMoment it is super
Cross after this dam crest elevation, calculate the key that the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches enters in the evolving model continuously burst, calculating process
It is, it is necessary to by the upland water after this momentQ On storehouse 2（t）|(t>t Dam break) be superimposed to this storehouse come in water-carrying capacity carry out " calculate upstream
The dam break process of the step of advance of freshet of dam break " is calculated；
The step of calculating evolution of the dam bursting flood in lower reservoir：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 2（t）In the flood of downstream river course
Evolution overall process, obtains downstream special 1 grade of dam upstream water level, discharge processQ On storehouse 3（t）And the time of dam bursting flood evolution,Q On storehouse 3For
The upstream flowrate in storehouse 3：
；
Now,Q = Q On storehouse 3(t)；
The step of calculating the tune flood process of downstream dam：Calculate under the conditions of above-mentioned continuous dam break, the special 1 grade of dam fluctuation in stage in downstream is adjusted
Big vast process ZStorehouse 3（t）, ZStorehouse 3For the upstream water level in storehouse 3；
The step of operating mode is determined：Operating mode during sluicing safety analysis is calculated determines to include following sub-step：
Full lock without early warning, NQF, which sluices, analyzes the sub-step of calculating：Downstream 1 grade of dam of spy is emergent without early warning, but not
In the case of measure, full lock sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3
（t）If, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, then turn next sub-step and calculate, in this formulaZ Crest elevationFor the crest elevation in storehouse 3；
There is early warning, the full lock of NQF sluices and analyzes the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, but should not
Full lock in the case of anxious measure sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3
（t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] withZ Crest elevation, determine reservoir safety margin value；
Sluice the sub-step analyzed and calculated without early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure：There is increasing on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy without early warning
The big emergent super Analysis of The Disposal calculating let out in the case of the emergency measure of ability, calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and water
Position duration curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] withZ Crest elevationIf, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, determine that pre-warning time is important
Property and minimum；
There are early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure to sluice and analyze the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, and has increasing
The big super emergency disposal analysis for letting out ability of meeting an urgent need is calculated, and obtains pre-warning time and increase to calculate again after discharge capacity to obtain special 1 grade
Dam entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, further determine that out that early warning has the reservoir safety after emergency disposal
Margin value.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention calculates the dam break risk in basin upstream dam by analysis,
And the risk of dam bursting flood occurs for the step reservoir that upstream dam dam break risk is triggered.When in upstream, dam bursts,
By downstream controlling dam early warning, make downstream control dam to soar in advance storage capacity, it is to avoid unrestrained top, prevent dam break.It can also lead to
Cross dam break risk analysis and further analyze flood discharge nargin, Extraordinary Flood-Relief Installations or increase flood discharge nargin are set up, further in reduction
Swim the reservoir level before dam bursting flood is reached.The dam break risk analysis of the present invention is calculated, and finds earth and rockfill dam group's downstream stage control water
The sluicing safety guarantee approach on dam, the early warning for obtaining taking is avoided the peak hour method, the emergency disposal means for increasing discharge capacity, value
And specific way, it can further check flood discharge and dam safety of the former design in the case where considering extreme dam bursting flood operating mode, hence it is evident that
Improve the degree of safety of downstream dam.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the dam system schematic diagram that embodiments of the invention methods described is analyzed；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of embodiments of the invention methods described；
Fig. 3 is AA dam breaks and the advance of freshet process schematic of case described in embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 4 is that the AA of case described in embodiments of the invention bursts lower BB dam sites flow and reservoir level process schematic；
Fig. 5 is that the BB of case described in embodiments of the invention connects burst flow and advance of freshet schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the routed CC of upstream company of case described in embodiments of the invention becomes a mandarin, sluices and adjusted big vast process schematic without early warning；
Fig. 7 is that the routed CC of upstream company of case described in embodiments of the invention has early warning to become a mandarin, sluice and adjusts big vast process schematic；
Fig. 8 is the CC flash building aerial drainage curve synoptic diagrams of case described in embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 9 is the big vast process signal of increase discharge capacity+become a mandarin, sluice and adjust without early warning of case described in embodiments of the invention
Figure；
Figure 10 is the increase discharge capacity+have early warning to become a mandarin, sluice of case described in embodiments of the invention and adjusts big vast process signal
Figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment：
The present embodiment is a kind of safe computational methods of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing of consideration upstream dam bursting flood.Described side
The targeted multi-reservoir of method is that upstream is one, the dam that construction quality safety standard is special 2 grades of dams（The present embodiment is referred to as
Swimming dam, or special 2 grades of dams）Referred to as storehouse 1, middle reaches are the earth and rockfill dam that the earth and rockfill dam that multiple construction quality safety standards are 2 grades is constituted
Group, referred to as storehouse 2, downstream are one, the dam that construction quality safety standard is special 1 grade of dam（The present embodiment is referred to as downstream dam,
Or special 1 grade of dam）Referred to as storehouse 3.
The dam break of the present embodiment contrast upstream dam is calculated and disposal thinking is about：If the special 2 grades of dams in upstream occur to burst
Certainly, by early warning, the downstream special 1 grade of dam of control step can soar storage capacity in advance, it is to avoid unrestrained top, prevent dam break, and pass through and set
Extraordinary Flood-Relief Installations or increase flood discharge nargin can further reduce the reservoir level before upstream dam bursting flood is reached, hence it is evident that improve special
The degree of safety on 1 grade of dam.
Method described in the present embodiment is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：The step of calculating the advance of freshet of upstream dam break（As shown in Figure 1）：Calculate the special 2 grades of dams in upstream or risk triggering
The dam bursting flood overall process of step dam, especiallyQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）Curve：
。
Q Burst in storehouse 1For special 2 grades of dams（Storehouse 1）Dam break flow, wherein：Storehouse 1 is the special 2 grades of dams in upstream, hereinQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）= Q b ,Q b
Refer to general dam dam break flow rate calculation value；CFor the discharge coefficient of dam break crevasse, it is considered to after crevasse property and contraction,CThe model of value
Enclose for 1.43-1.69m1/2/s；BFor the crevasse width in storehouse 1；zFor the reservoir level of storehouse 1；z d For the dam weir crest crevasse elevation of storehouse 1；W
For the reservoir capacity of storehouse 1；tFor the time；Q in Carry out flow for upstream；qFortThe outflow of moment reservoir 1.
The computational methods of this step are referring to theoretical principle one.
Step 2：Upstream dam bursting flood is calculated the step of the evolution of middle reaches：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）In downstream river course
Advance of freshet overall process, obtain the equivalent reservoir upstream water level of middle reaches earth and rockfill dam group, discharge processQ On storehouse 2（t）And dam bursting flood is drilled
The time entered,Q On storehouse 2For the upstream flowrate in storehouse 2：
。
This step computational methods are referring to theoretical principle two.
Step 3：The step of calculating the tune flood process in middle reaches：The water level of the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches under the conditions of calculating upstream dam break
Big vast process is adjusted in fluctuation, is obtained before the equivalent reservoir dam in middle reachesZ Storehouse 2（t）Curve,Z Storehouse 2For the upstream water level in storehouse 2：
。
The computational methods of this step are shown in theoretical principle three.
Step 4：The step of calculating the evolution that middle reaches reservoir continuously bursts：The upstream water level in central swimming storehouseZ Storehouse 2（t）
tDam breakExceeding after this dam crest elevation for moment, calculates the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches and enters in the evolving model continuously burst, calculating process
One it is crucial that must be by the upland water after this momentQ On storehouse 2（t）|(t>tDam break) be superimposed to this storehouse and come in water-carrying capacity to enter
The dam break process of row step 1 is calculated.
Step 5：The step of calculating evolution of the dam bursting flood in lower reservoir：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 2（t）In downstream
The advance of freshet overall process in river course, obtains downstream special 1 grade of dam upstream water level, discharge processQ On storehouse 3（t）And dam bursting flood evolution
Time,Q On storehouse 3For the flow of the upstream of storehouse 3：
；
Now,Q = Q On storehouse 3(t)。
The computational methods of this step are referring again to theoretical principle two.
The step of calculating the tune flood process of downstream dam：Calculate under the conditions of above-mentioned continuous dam break, downstream 1 grade of dam water level of spy rises
Fall to adjust big vast process ZStorehouse 3（t）, ZStorehouse 3For the upstream water level in storehouse 3.The computational methods of this step are shown in theoretical principle three.
The step of operating mode is determined：Operating mode during sluicing safety analysis is calculated determines to include following sub-step：
Full lock without early warning, NQF, which sluices, analyzes the sub-step of calculating：Downstream 1 grade of dam of spy is emergent without early warning, but not
In the case of measure, full lock sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curve ZStorehouse 3
（t）If, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, then turn next sub-step and calculate,Z Crest elevationFor the crest elevation in storehouse 3；
There is early warning, the full lock of NQF sluices and analyzes the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, but should not
Full lock in the case of anxious measure sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curve ZStorehouse 3
（t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] and ZCrest elevation, determine reservoir safety margin value；
Sluice the sub-step analyzed and calculated without early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure：There is increasing on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy without early warning
The big emergent super Analysis of The Disposal calculating let out in the case of the emergency measure of ability, calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and water
Position duration curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] withZ Crest elevationIf, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, determine that pre-warning time is important
Property and minimum；
There are early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure to sluice and analyze the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, and has increasing
The big super emergency disposal analysis for letting out ability of meeting an urgent need is calculated, and obtains pre-warning time and increase to calculate again after discharge capacity to obtain special 1 grade
Dam entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, further determine that out that early warning has the reservoir safety after emergency disposal
Margin value.
Theoretical principle one：
Reach that the theoretical principle and Fundamentals of Mathematics of the effect above step 1 are as follows.
As reservoir level further stops up height, when water level rises to dam crest or enters very flood discharging groove（Or artificial drainage groove）
When, start dam crest cross flow process, when further increase reaches that a bottom land washes away critical flow velocity value by crevasse flow velocityV c Afterwards, groove
Bottom starts to wash away, and starts dam break process.
Crevasse flow is determined by the loss of reservoir capacity in the unit interval, is had
(1)
According to the conservation of mass, water balance equation can be obtained
(2)
When crevasse flow velocity is less thanV c When, direct solution reservoir increment size is can obtain after above-mentioned equilibrium equation differenceCalculating
Formula
(3)
When crevasse flow velocity is more thanV c When, it is considered to crevasse is corroded and extending transversely, and wherein crevasse is corroded using the double of old ancestral's illuminate proposition
Curve model
= (4)
(5)
In formula：For erosion ratio；vTo deduct the shear stress after critical shear stress； a、bIt is Insults parameter；kConverted for unit
The factor；For shear stress；For critical shear stress.
Crevasse is extending transversely to calculate the slip-crack surface analysis method for adding arc form using total stress method.During by giving initial
Betweent 0With time step Dt, calculate corresponding water level increment DH, scour depth DzWith change in flow amount DV。
Theoretical principle two：
Flood enters reservoir and reservoir goes out stream and can use the continuity side of unsteady flow into the advance of freshet of downstream river course formation
Journey and the equation of motion are described：
(6)
(7)
Here asked after above-mentioned nonlinear equation is linearized using Newton-Raphson method with Pressiman implitic method iteration
Solution.
Theoretical principle three：
For middle reaches storehouse shown in Fig. 12, river course Lai Liu ends water levely n With reservoir intersection water levely s It is equal, boundary condition
Meet following relation
(8)
(9)
In formula：Q 2,out (z,m)It is discharge coefficientmWith reservoir level before damzFunction, the outflow before non-dam break be sluice
The discharge of building, outlet structure escape works discharge coefficient such as considers dam break, then outflow is outlet structure escape works discharge and dam break flow
Sum, then have
(10)
In formula：Q y It is unrelated with head for diversion or the flow of drawing water,C s 、C g Stream respectively without pressure spillway, lock control flood discharging tunnel
Coefficient of discharge,L s For width of spillway,A g For gate area of passage,z s 、z g Respectively without control, lock control flood discharging tunnel elevation.
Upstream flood enters after subordinate's reservoir, and reservoir level will appear from high heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots, unrestrained top, burst three phases.Stop up high process
Flood routing principle can be applied to try to achieve above-mentioned ODE using ripe fixed step size Runge-Kutta methods（9）Solution.
Application case
Present case is determined with reference to certain basin upper reach programme." AA-BB-CC " several steps are disposed with the section,
For earth and rockfill dam, wherein BB is less than 0.2 hundred million m for regulation storage capacity3Radial-flow type reservoir, AA, CC storage capacity is larger, with certain modulability
Can, for control step.Application conditions of the invention considered below, i.e., when the special 2 grades of dam breakings of AA, calculate analysis downstream CC special 1 grade
The problems such as sluicing safety and method of disposal of reservoir.
The case earth and rockfill dam group's canonical parameter of table 1
| Reservoir | Maximum height of dam/m | Crest elevation/m | Adjust the m of storage capacity/hundred million3 | The check flood return period/year | Project scale or rank of project |
| AA | 175.0 | 3070.0 | 10.24 | PMF | It is special 2 grades |
| BB | 113.5 | 2690.0 | 0.16 | 5000 | 2 etc. |
| CC | 314.0 | 2510.0 | 19.00 | PMF | It is special 1 grade |
（1）Bursting and evolution for AA reservoirs is calculated according to the step 1 of the content of the invention, 2：
Burst if AA reservoirs meet with extreme operating condition since 0 moment, the m/s of initial velocity 3 is washed away in crevasse, according to theoretical principle one
The flood of calculating reached crest discharge 15000m at the 10.7th hour3/ s, and then the reduction of water level reduction flow, entirely burst
Journey holds renewed treaty 40 hours.Calculating time shaft afterwards is started with 0 moment.BB is away from AA reservoir 85.6km, discrepancy in elevation 318.5m, mountain area
River valley is handled by inverted trapezoidal, bottom width 30m, mean inclination 0.002, roughness value 0.025, using the computational methods of theoretical principle two,
The one-dimensional evolution model of floodθValue 0.6, time step 60s.The storehouse burst process and advance of freshet process it is as shown in Figure 2.By
Figure understands that dam bursting flood is by evolution in 3.25 hours to BB reservoirs, the 12.3rd hour m of crest discharge 147973/ s, substantially without declining
Subtract.
（2）BB steps are calculated according to the step 3 of the content of the invention, 4,5 even to burst and evolution：
According to theoretical principle two, three, BB reservoir levels rise to dam crest position within the 5.32nd hour, as shown in Figure 3.The unrestrained top of BB reservoirs,
But due to larger to flow crest discharge, overflow top excess flow and be less than to flow, reservoir level is still raised.Flow reaches routed behind unrestrained top
Mouth is washed away after start velocity, and the heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots height of water level will combine BB and connect routed is calculated.Display is calculated, BB reservoirs reached in the 14.6th hour
To the m of crest discharge 23513 that even bursts3/ s, dam-break duration 21.5 hours.After BB reservoirs burst, dam bursting flood continues towards downstream CC
Evolution,（The km of two reservoir distance 89.3, the m of the discrepancy in elevation 380.5, river width is temporarily by 30 m considerations, roughness value 0.025）.Burst
Flood is at the 8.7th hour evolution to CC dam site, and the flood peak of the dam bursting flood was reached in the 15.95th hour, its even burst process and
Advance of freshet is as shown in Figure 4.
（3）Step is calculated according to the step 6 of the content of the invention and even bursts lower CC without the full lock sluicing of early warning：
CC outlet structure escape works include tunnel-spillway, drilled shaft flood discharge hole and lower level outlet, corresponding in normal pool level 2500m
Total m of discharge 6819.63/s.8.7th hour BB even bursts flood into CC reservoirs, due to without giving warning in advance, i.e., in BB dam bursting floods
When reservoir, the full locks of CC start to sluice, because dam bursting flood flow increases very fast, the reservoir level rose in the 19.5th hour to
The m of crest elevation 2510, rises to 2511.2m (wave resistance wall crest elevation) on the 20.9th hour, the unrestrained top of dam, water level after the 25.7th hour
Rise to the m of peak level 2513.29, entirely become a mandarin, sluice out stream and SEA LEVEL VARIATION process it is as shown in Figure 6.
（4）Calculating CC under step is even burst according to the step 6 of the content of the invention has the full lock of early warning to sluice：
While in upstream, AA bursts（That is 0 moment）, just full lock sluices CC since the m of water level 2500, water level process such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show.BB even bursts, and advance of freshet is time-consuming 8.7 hours to CC reservoirs, and now CC water levels are reduced to 2494.75 m, the m of the range of decrease 5.25, i.e.,
Soared part storage capacity in advance, and dam bursting flood flow is still less than outlet structure escape works discharge afterwards, and reservoir level further declines, to
The near m of minimum point 2494.50 of 9.7 hours water levels, now become a mandarin, go out to flow it is equal, subsequent dam bursting flood flow more than full lock sluice
Flow, reservoir level is begun to ramp up, and when being become a mandarin to the 25.6th hour, going out to flow equal for the second time, water level rises to peak 2509.79
M, less than crest elevation 0.21m, less than the m of dam wave resistance wall crest elevation 1.41.Calculating shows that upstream is special 2 grades under the extreme operating condition
Reservoir bursts, in the case of middle reaches step is even burst, and CC increases reservoir capacity for flood control because the full lock that gives warning in advance sluices, and 1 grade of dam of this spy is not
As for dam break.
（5）Step is calculated according to the step 6 of the content of the invention even to burst lower CC increases discharge capacity+without early warning：
Operating mode CC increases discharge capacity on the original basis, and emergency disposal approach is：Set up a very flood discharging tunnel, flood discharge rule
Mould is suitable with former drilled shaft flood discharge hole, while the existing lower level outlet input elevation of reduction can be taken（Temporarily consider 10 m of reduction）.Drop
After low deep hole floor elevation, discharge increment of the single lower level outlet under 2500 more than m water levels between 8.42%-9.45%,
Total discharge is with former discharge compared to increase 16.8%-19.1% after increase, and its flood discharge curve is as shown in Figure 8.
Through 8.7 hours, BB even burst flood into CC reservoirs, because without early warning, full lock sluices the reservoir immediately, due to dam break flood
Water-carrying capacity increases very fast, and the reservoir level rose in the 21.2nd hour to the m of crest elevation 2510, rises within the 24th hour to 2511.2m, greatly
Dam starts unrestrained top, and water level rises to the m of highest 2511.31 after the 25th hour, entirely becomes a mandarin, sluices out stream and SEA LEVEL VARIATION process such as
Shown in Fig. 9.Compared with without the original discharge capacities of early warning CC, due to increasing discharge capacity, flood regime of even being burst in identical upstream
Under, CC water levels rise slowly, but final still overflow is pushed up, it can be seen that the pre-warning time that bursts is let out to step reservoir group control step
The importance of water security.
（6）Step is calculated according to the step 6 of the content of the invention even to burst lower CC increases discharge capacity+have early warning：
While in upstream, AA bursts, just full lock sluices CC since the m of water level 2500, and water level process is as shown in Figure 10.BB even bursts
Advance of freshet to CC reservoirs need to be 8.7 hours, and now CC water levels are reduced to 2493.76m, range of decrease 6.24m, afterwards dam bursting flood flow
Still less than outlet structure escape works discharge, to the 9.7th hour near m of minimum point 2494.43 of water level, now become a mandarin, go out to flow it is equal, with
Dam bursting flood flow is more than full lock discharge afterwards, and reservoir level begins to ramp up, to becoming a mandarin, go out second of stream it is equal when, water level
Peak 2507.39m is risen to, less than the m of crest elevation 2.61 (former operating mode is 0.21 m).This shows, the extreme operating condition upstream
Special 2 grades of reservoirs burst, in the case of middle reaches step is even burst, and are CC in original base according to the computational methods and method of disposal of the present invention
On set up Extraordinary Flood-Relief Installations and the full lock that gives warning in advance crosses water and increases reservoir capacity for flood control, by adjusting flood fault-tolerant so that final water level
Surplus rises to 2.61m from 0.21 m, further increases margin of safety, it is ensured that this dam is not burst, and has effectively obstructed step
The risk even burst.
Finally it should be noted that being merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted above, although with reference to preferable cloth
Scheme is put the present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to technology of the invention
Scheme（Such as analyze targeted dam system, the utilization of various formula, sequencing of step etc.）Modify or wait
With replacing, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- The safe computational methods 1. a kind of earth and rockfill dam group control step of consideration upstream dam bursting flood sluices, described method is targeted Multi-reservoir be that upstream is one, the dam that construction quality safety standard is special 2 grades of dams, referred to as storehouse 1, middle reaches are multiple engineering matter The earth and rockfill dam group that safety standard is constituted for the earth and rockfill dam of 2 grades, referred to as storehouse 2 are measured, downstream is that construction quality safety standard is special 1 grade of dam One, dam, referred to as storehouse 3, it is characterised in that as follows the step of described method：The step of calculating the advance of freshet of upstream dam break：Calculate the dam break flood of the special 2 grades of dams in upstream or risk triggering step dam Water overall process, especiallyQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）Curve：；Q Burst in storehouse 1For the dam break flow in storehouse 1, hereinQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）= Q b ,Q b Refer to general dam dam break flow rate calculation value；CBurst for dam break The discharge coefficient of mouth；BFor the crevasse width of storehouse 1；zFor the water level of storehouse 1；z d For the dam weir crest crevasse elevation of storehouse 1；WFor the storage capacity of storehouse 1；t For the time；Q in Carry out flow for upstream；qFortMoment storehouse 1 outflow；Upstream dam bursting flood is calculated the step of the evolution of middle reaches：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 1（t）It is complete in the advance of freshet of downstream river course Process, obtains the equivalent reservoir upstream water level of middle reaches earth and rockfill dam group, discharge processQ On storehouse 2（t）And the time of dam bursting flood evolution,Q On storehouse 2 For the upstream flowrate in storehouse 2：；Wherein：B r It is wide for the river course water surface；yFor the depth of water；QFor flow,Q = Q On storehouse 2(t)；xFor distance；gFor acceleration of gravity；AFor River cross-section area；nFor river course manning roughness；sFor the energy gradient, subscript o is initial time；The step of calculating the tune flood process in middle reaches：The fluctuation in stage of the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches under the conditions of calculating upstream dam break adjusts big vast mistake Journey, is obtained before the equivalent reservoir dam in middle reachesZ Storehouse 2（t）Curve,Z Storehouse 2For the upstream water level in storehouse 2：；Wherein：HereinZ Storehouse 2（t）=y s ,y s Refer to general reservoir level；Q in (t) betThe inbound traffics in moment middle reaches storehouse 2, i.e.,Q in (t) = Q On storehouse 2(t)；Q 2,out(z,m) betMoment storehouse 2 outflow；mFor outlet structure escape works discharge coefficient；The step of calculating the evolution that middle reaches reservoir continuously bursts：The upstream water level in central swimming storehouseZ Storehouse 2（t）t Dam breakMoment exceedes After this dam crest elevation, calculate that the equivalent reservoir in middle reaches enters in the evolving model continuously burst, calculating process one it is crucial that Must be by the upland water after this momentQ On storehouse 2（t）|(t>t Dam break) be superimposed to this storehouse come in water-carrying capacity carry out " calculate upstream burst The dam break process of the step of advance of freshet on dam " is calculated；The step of calculating evolution of the dam bursting flood in lower reservoir：Calculate dam bursting floodQ Burst in storehouse 2（t）Drilled in the flood of downstream river course Enter overall process, obtain downstream special 1 grade of dam upstream water level, discharge processQ On storehouse 3（t）And the time of dam bursting flood evolution,Q On storehouse 3For storehouse 3 Upstream flowrate：；Now,Q = Q On storehouse 3(t)；The step of calculating the tune flood process of downstream dam：Calculate under the conditions of above-mentioned continuous dam break, the special 1 grade of dam fluctuation in stage in downstream is adjusted Big vast process ZStorehouse 3（t）, ZStorehouse 3For the upstream water level in storehouse 3；The step of operating mode is determined：Operating mode during sluicing safety analysis is calculated determines to include following sub-step：Full lock without early warning, NQF, which sluices, analyzes the sub-step of calculating：Downstream 1 grade of dam of spy is emergent without early warning, but not In the case of measure, full lock sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3 （t）If, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, then turn next sub-step and calculate,Z Crest elevationFor the crest elevation in storehouse 3；There is early warning, the full lock of NQF sluices and analyzes the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, but should not Full lock in the case of anxious measure sluices to analyze and calculated, and calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3 （t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] withZ Crest elevation, determine reservoir safety margin value；Sluice the sub-step analyzed and calculated without early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure：There is increasing on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy without early warning The big emergent super Analysis of The Disposal calculating let out in the case of the emergency measure of ability, calculating obtains special 1 grade of dam and entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and water Position duration curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, compare max [Z Storehouse 3（t）] withZ Crest elevationIf, max [Z Storehouse 3（t）]>Z Crest elevation, determine that pre-warning time is important Property and minimum；There are early warning, the full lock for having emergency measure to sluice and analyze the sub-step of calculating：There is being early warning on downstream 1 grade of dam of spy, and has increasing The big super emergency disposal analysis for letting out ability of meeting an urgent need is calculated, and obtains pre-warning time and increase to calculate again after discharge capacity to obtain special 1 grade Dam entirely becomes a mandarin, goes out stream and fluctuation in stage curveZ Storehouse 3（t）, further determine that out that early warning has the reservoir safety after emergency disposal Margin value.
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