CN110219277B - Dam break flood analysis system and method for dam system - Google Patents
Dam break flood analysis system and method for dam system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110219277B CN110219277B CN201811324871.3A CN201811324871A CN110219277B CN 110219277 B CN110219277 B CN 110219277B CN 201811324871 A CN201811324871 A CN 201811324871A CN 110219277 B CN110219277 B CN 110219277B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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Abstract
The application discloses dam system burst flood analytic system includes: the system comprises a topological analysis module, a data collection module, an analysis module of a single dam, a flood evolution analysis module and a prediction module of a dam system; the topological analysis module of the dam system is used for determining the classification of the dam in the dam system; the data collection module is used for collecting information of dams in the dam system; the analysis module of the single dam is used for establishing a water level model of the dam and determining a flooding state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameter data of the dam body; the flood routing analysis module is used for analyzing the process that flood flows from the low-grade dam to the high-grade dam and calculating the inflow of the downstream high-grade dam according to the outflow of the low-grade dam; the prediction module is used for predicting whether the dam burst of the downstream dam can be caused or not and predicting the burst time of the downstream burst dam and the flood peak flow of the burst flood if the dam bursts in the process of the evolution of the flood.
Description
The present application claims priority of chinese patent application having application number 201810253242.X entitled "security assessment method for dam system" filed by chinese patent office in 2018, 03, 26.month, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a dam break flood analysis system and method of a dam system.
Background
In large rivers with complex terrains, dams for retaining water are distributed along the river course. The whole formed by combining the plurality of dams is called a dam system.
Under the condition that the precipitation in the watershed is small, the regulation and storage capacity of each dam can cope with the regional watershed confluence and the discharge of the upstream reservoir, and the dam break problem can not occur.
When strong short-time precipitation occurs in the watershed, the regulating and storing capacity of the dam cannot cope with confluence of the watershed of the regions and discharge of the upstream reservoir, the dam break risk may occur. Because the burst flood generated by dam break has the characteristics of huge peak flow and short flood duration, the burst flood generated by dam break is discharged to a downstream reservoir in a short time, so that the water volume of the downstream reservoir exceeds the reservoir capacity, and the dam break of the downstream dam is caused; the resulting continuous dam break of the entire dam system internal dam can cause significant hazards. Taking a dam continuous collapse caused by a super-large heavy rain in the middle of China Henan province in China at 8 months in 1975 as an example, strong rainfall in a short time causes two large reservoirs of a slab bridge and a stone flood plain, two medium reservoirs of a field post and a bamboo ditch and a small reservoir of a 58 dam to overflow and collapse the dam successively, and causes a disastrous and extraordinarily great flood disaster of the atlantoarea; the great flood causes 2.6 million people to die and 1100 million people to be damaged, and the inundated farmland is about 1700 mu. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for analyzing and predicting the burst flood caused by continuous dam break of the dam in the whole dam system.
However, most of the existing burst flood analysis systems can only analyze flood process lines and burst development processes of a burst process caused by the exceeding of the storage capacity of a single reservoir, and provide references for burst flood analysis and early warning; some researchers have developed programs that can analyze the continuous collapse of several cascade reservoirs connected in series on a river. However, there is no method for predicting whether a dam in a complex dam system including a large number of dams will continuously break and whether the dam will continuously break or not, and analyzing and predicting the break time of the continuously broken dam and the flood peak flow of the break flood.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a dam system burst flood analysis system, which aims to solve the problem that the existing method cannot analyze and early warn burst flood of a large complex dam system.
The application provides a dam's burst flood analytic system, includes: the system comprises a topological analysis module, a data collection module, an analysis module of a single dam, a flood evolution analysis module and a prediction module of a dam system;
the topological analysis module of the dam system is used for determining the grading of the dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the grading rule of the dam system;
the data collection module is used for collecting information of dams in a dam system and comprises: building parameter data of a dam body, a direct basin control range of a dam, rainfall and a reservoir capacity curve of the dam;
the analysis module of the single dam is used for establishing a water level model of the dam according to warehousing flow, ex-warehouse flow and storage capacity of the dam, and the water level model is used for monitoring the change of the water level of the dam in real time; determining a flooding state model of the dam according to a water level model of the dam and building parameter data of a dam body, wherein the flooding state model is used for determining a flooding state of the dam according to a real-time water level output by the water level model;
the flood routing analysis module is used for analyzing the process that flood flows from the low-grade dam to the high-grade dam and calculating the inflow of the downstream high-grade dam according to the outflow of the low-grade dam;
and the prediction module is used for predicting whether the dam burst of the downstream dam can be caused or not and predicting the burst time of the downstream burst dam and the flood peak flow of the burst flood if the dam bursts in the evolution process of the flood according to the output of the flood evolution analysis module and the output of the analysis module of the single dam.
Optionally, the topological analysis module of the dam system is configured to determine the grading of the dams in the dam system according to the topological structure of the dam system and the grading rules, that is, after the dams in the dam system form a topological structure according to the spatial distribution relationship, the dams in the topological structure are graded according to the grading rules of the dam system.
Optionally, the classification rule of the dam system specifically includes: obtaining the grading of an upstream dam directly connected with a current dam; if no dam exists at the upstream of the current dam, classifying the current dam into 1; if the maximum classification of the upstream dam directly connected to the current dam is N, the classification of the current dam is N + 1.
Optionally, according to the classification rule, the lower-level dams are analyzed sequentially, and then the higher-level dams are analyzed sequentially, so that when any one dam in the dam system is analyzed, the amount of the discharged water of all the upstream dams is known.
Optionally, the classification rule of the dam system further includes:
the river network is divided into a plurality of river sections for hierarchical description, the river network at the source is used as a part of a river basin between dam areas of 1 level, the starting points and the end points of the rest of the river sections are dams, and the serial number and the classification of the river sections are equal to the classification of the dams at the starting points;
optionally, the method further includes: when the topological structure or the dam number in the dam system changes, the topological analysis module of the dam system grades the dams in the topological structure of the dam system again according to the grading rule of the dam system.
Optionally, the data collection module is configured to obtain building parameter data of a dam body of a dam system, where the specific building parameters include: dam height, dam axial length, dam material impact resistance parameters, and outlet structure performance parameters.
Optionally, the reservoir capacity curve of the dam refers to a relation curve between a water level of the dam and the reservoir capacity.
Optionally, the change of the reservoir capacity of the dam is obtained by a difference value between the warehousing flow and the ex-warehouse flow of the dam in the same time period.
Optionally, the warehousing flow rate includes a flow rate generated by production confluence in a basin range of a dam control area and a flow rate generated by discharge of an upstream dam.
Optionally, the production convergence in the basin range of the dam means that the dam directly controls the flow of the clean rain generated after the rainfall deduction loss in the basin range flows into the reservoir.
Optionally, the water level model of the dam is obtained by:
the change of the reservoir capacity of the dam in a period of time is equal to the sum of the warehousing flow and the flow minus the sum of the ex-warehouse flow; and the water level change is obtained by inquiring the storage capacity curve according to the storage capacity change.
Optionally, the determining the flooding state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam body includes: if the water level of the dam exceeds the height of the top of the dam, the dam overflows; and determining whether the dam is kept continuously overflowing or broken when the dam overflows according to the building parameters of the dam body and the overflowing flow speed.
Optionally, determining whether the dam is kept continuously overflowing or broken when the dam overflows according to the building parameters and overflowing flow speed of the dam body, specifically including,
when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam do not exceed the bearing capacity of the dam on overflow flood, the dam keeps continuously overflowing; when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam exceed the bearing capacity of the dam for overflow flood, dam break occurs, and burst flood is generated.
Optionally, the prediction module is specifically configured to sequentially analyze dams and river reach one by one according to a sequence from low to high in the grading, predict whether overflow or collapse will occur at a certain time according to a water level change process of each dam, and if so, give a time of overflow or collapse and perform dam collapse calculation.
Optionally, the prediction module is further configured to incorporate a burst flood process into the inflow of the downstream reservoir if a dam breaks in the dam system, so as to implement a continuous breakdown analysis of the entire dam system.
Optionally, in the dam system, if a certain dam breaks, the time when the dam breaks is obtained.
Optionally, the prediction module is further configured to, if the occurrence of the burst of a certain dam is predicted, further obtain a flow change process, a reservoir level change process, and a burst size change process of the burst flood of the dam, and determine the flow of the burst flood peak and the occurrence time of the flood peak according to the flow change process of the burst flood.
In addition, this application still provides an analytical method of dam system burst flood, is applicable to dam system burst flood analytic system, dam system burst flood analytic system includes: data collection module, dam topological analysis module, the analysis module of single dam, flood evolution analysis module, prediction module, its characterized in that includes:
determining the classification of each dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the classification rule of the dam system;
according to dam information in a dam system collected by a data collection module, acquiring reservoir capacity curve model parameters of the dam, dam body geometric parameters, calculation parameters of normal leakage, dam break calculation parameters, interval basin area controlled by each dam, runoff generating calculation parameters of the interval basin area and the like;
establishing a water level model of the dam according to the warehousing flow, the ex-warehouse flow and the storage capacity of the dam, and determining a collapse state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam body; the flooding state model is used for determining flooding state of the dam according to the real-time water level output by the water level model;
if the reservoir is not flooded, carrying out outflow calculation in a normal state according to a preset normal discharge calculation model; if the reservoir overflows, the outflow calculation of the overtopping or the break mouth is carried out according to a preset overflow dam/break dam calculation model;
according to a pre-established flood evolution model, the warehousing flow of a downstream dam caused by upstream dam water drainage is predicted, the warehousing flow of any dam in a dam system is equal to the production flow of the area of the controlled interval watershed, and the warehousing flow of the dam caused by the drainage flow of all dams directly connected upstream is superposed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the method can analyze the burst flood of the dam system, and determine the classification of each dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the classification rule of the dam system; according to the grading sequence, the low-grade dams are sequentially analyzed, then the high-grade dams are analyzed, the outflow process of the low-grade dams is obtained and used as a basis for calculating the warehousing flow of the high-grade dams; determining the flooding state of the dam according to a pre-established flooding state model; when the dam is not overflowed or burst, normal leakage flow calculation is carried out; and when overflowing or collapse occurs, acquiring a flood flow process of the overtopping and the collapse port, a reservoir water level change process, a collapse port expansion process and the like according to a pre-established overtopping or dam collapse analysis model.
The analysis system can judge whether any dam in the dam system is overtopped or broken, can obtain the reservoir water level and the outlet flow change process of any dam (no matter overtopping or breaking), and can give the necessary parameters for emergency response such as the dam break starting time, the dam break flood peak flow and the flood peak occurrence time to the broken dam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a breach flood analysis system of a dam system according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dam system on a loess plateau;
FIG. 3 is a view of the distribution and numbering of dams in an example dam system provided by the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dam breach process calculated according to an example provided herein;
FIG. 5 is a process diagram of the calculated flow out of a typical dam according to the example provided in the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a breach flood analysis of a dam system provided herein;
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a composition of a dam breach flood analysis system according to the present application.
The breach flood analytic system of dam system includes: the system comprises a topological analysis module of a dam system, a data collection module, an analysis module of a single dam, a flood evolution analysis module and a dam system analysis and prediction module.
The topological analysis module of the dam system is used for determining the grading of each dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the grading rule of the dam system, forming the topological structure of the dams in the dam system according to the spatial distribution relation, and then grading the dams in the topological structure according to the grading rule of the dam system. Wherein, the classification rule of the dam system is specifically, in a specific example: obtaining the grading of an upstream dam directly connected with a current dam; if no dam exists at the upstream of the current dam, classifying the current dam into 1; if the maximum classification of the upstream dam directly connected to the current dam is N, the classification of the current dam is N + 1.
When a large number of dams are built in the river network, the whole formed by these dams is called a dam system. Fig. 2 shows a certain dam system on the loess plateau, which includes 211 dams. The application provides a method for carrying out hierarchical description and analysis on the topological relation of the complex dam system. And after forming a topological structure by the dams in the dam system according to the spatial distribution relationship, grading the dams in the topological structure according to the grading rule of the dam system. The classification rule of the dam system is as follows: if there is no dam on the upstream of a dam, it is classified as 1; if the maximum grading of a dam is 1 in the dam directly connected with the upstream of the dam, the grading of the dam is 2; if a dam is directly connected upstream of it and the grading is maximum 2, the dam will have a grading of 3, and so on. If the maximum number of stages in a dam directly connected upstream of the dam is N, the dam is rated as N + 1. When the topology of the dam system is recorded, the number and the serial number of the dam which is directly connected with the upstream dam are given to each dam. The process automatically analyzes the dam system topology. When the topological structure or the dam number in the dam system changes, the topological analysis module of the dam system grades the dams in the topological structure of the dam system again according to the grading rule of the dam system.
In order to facilitate the evolution calculation of dam break flood in the river channel, the river network is decomposed as follows: regarding a river network of a source as a part of a watershed of an interval controlled by a level 1 dam; the non-source river network is divided into a plurality of river sections, and the starting point (the end close to the source) and the ending point (the end close to the downstream) of each river section are dams. The river reach has the same number as the dam at its starting point and the same classification as the dam at its starting point.
In the present application, two dams are "directly connected" to mean "water in an upstream dam flows into a downstream dam without passing through another dam".
In the application, the classification of the dam in the dam system is to facilitate the analysis of the dam system, the calculation result of the low-grade dam needs to be quoted when the high-grade dam is analyzed, and the classification is independent of the engineering scale of the dam.
The data collection module is used for collecting building parameter data of each dam body in the dam system, a rainfall process, a reservoir capacity curve of the dam, a reservoir level before rainfall, a basin area controlled by the dam, runoff yield calculation parameters and the like. Wherein the building parameters include: dam height, dam axial length, dam material impact resistance parameters, and outlet structure performance parameters.
The reservoir capacity curve of the dam refers to a relation curve of the water level of the dam and the reservoir capacity. The change of the reservoir capacity of the dam is obtained by the difference value of the warehousing flow and the ex-warehouse flow of the dam in the same time period.
The warehousing flow comprises flow generated by production confluence in the basin range of the dam control interval and flow generated by drainage of an upstream dam.
Dams are classified into many different types according to the difference of building materials, and the number of dams is two major types, namely earth-rock dams and concrete dams. Earth and rockfill dams are also called local material dams, and are widely used due to the fact that local materials are used and construction cost is low. According to statistics, about 7.8 ten thousand dams exist in China, more than 90% of barrage dams of large and medium-sized reservoirs are earth and rockfill dams, and most of small reservoirs adopt the earth and rockfill dams. It is generally believed that when the reservoir water overflows, the dam body is broken due to the scouring of the reservoir water, and the concrete dam is not broken due to the overflow of the reservoir water.
The design specification of China dictates that large earth-rock dams must be provided with spillways with sufficient flood discharge capacity to ensure that reservoir water can be discharged in time when encountering flood and strictly avoid the situation that the reservoir water overflows. However, the number of dams in China is quite large, and the actual situation is quite complex. Some dams built in early days, especially dams built in the fifth and sixty years of the last century, have the problems of insufficient reservoir capacity, insufficient flood discharge capacity and the like due to insufficient hydrological data during design, non-standard design and construction processes and the like. Some dams of rural collective self-built ponds often do not have spillways. The silt dam in rehmannia soil plateau areas such as Shanxi and Shaanxi often comprises hundreds of earth-rock dams in a small flow area to form a complex dam system, and most of the dam systems have no spillway due to historical and economic reasons.
The design flow of reservoir outlet structures (such as spillways) is often determined by the flood sequence of natural channels. In a watershed dam system, one dam breaks, reservoir water is poured out in a short time, huge flood is often formed, the peak flow of the flood is often several orders of magnitude larger than the flow of a natural river channel and far exceeds the flood discharge capacity of a downstream reservoir, and continuous collapse can be caused if the residual reservoir capacity of the downstream reservoir is not enough to accommodate the reservoir water of an upstream reservoir.
In the application, the analysis module of a single dam comprises functions of section basin production convergence analysis, warehousing flow calculation, reservoir outlet flow calculation of a reservoir in a normal state, dam break analysis, reservoir capacity water level change analysis, collapse state judgment and the like.
In hydrology, water flow in rivers, lakes, underground water and other water bodies is called runoff, and a process of rainfall forming runoff is called runoff generating and converging, wherein the process comprises two sub-processes of runoff generating and converging. Runoff production refers to a process of rainfall deducting losses such as evaporation and forming clean rain, and the process is called runoff production, and the clean rain is the rainfall forming runoff; the confluence refers to the process that rainfall flows into a river network through the slope and then is converged to the cross section of the drainage basin outlet through the river network. The natural flow of water flows from high to low, so that the area surrounded by the watershed around a river is called a river basin, and surface or subsurface runoff generated by rainfall in the river basin is converged into the river.
In the present application, the interval watershed range of the dam means that the watershed range controlled by the dam is deducted from the watershed range controlled by all dams upstream of the dam.
In the application, the warehousing flow of the dam refers to the sum of the flow generated by the production confluence in the basin range of the current dam and the flow generated by the drainage of the upstream dam in the current time period. If no dam exists at the upstream of the dam, namely the dam of level 1 defined according to the classification rule, the warehousing flow of the dam is the production confluence in the range of the current dam basin, and if the dam is a dam of level 2 or more than 2, the warehousing flow of the dam also comprises the flow generated by the drainage of the upstream dam.
The production convergence in the basin range of the dam refers to that the dam directly controls the flow of the net rain generated after the rainfall deduction loss in the basin range flows into the reservoir. The system provides a simplest production and confluence model, namely, the production and confluence amount in an interval basin range is equal to the product of net rainfall and the area of the interval basin, and the system is suitable for basins with small areas (for example, the basin area is less than 100 km)2). The application does not limit which mode and model are adopted for the production convergence analysis.
When the reservoir capacity curve of the dam is a relation curve of the water level of the dam and the change of the volume of the dam, the change of the reservoir capacity of the dam is obtained through the difference value of the warehousing flow and the ex-warehousing flow of the dam in the same time period, and the change of the water level can be further obtained according to the reservoir capacity curve.
The system comprises a water level model, a water level monitoring module and a water level monitoring module, wherein the water level model is used for establishing a water level model of a dam according to warehousing flow, ex-warehouse flow and reservoir capacity of the dam, and the water level model is used for monitoring the change of the water level of the dam in real time; and determining a flooding state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam body, wherein the flooding state model is used for determining the flooding state of the dam according to the real-time water level output by the water level model and the relation between the real-time water level and the dam crest elevation. The step of determining the flooding state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam body comprises the following steps: if the water level of the dam exceeds the height of the top of the dam, the dam overflows; and determining whether the dam is kept continuously overflowing or broken when the dam overflows according to the building parameters of the dam body and the overflowing flow speed. The method comprises the following steps of determining whether the dam is kept continuously overflowing or broken when the dam overflows according to the building parameters and overflowing flow speed of a dam body, and specifically including that when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflowing flow speed of the dam do not exceed the bearing capacity of the dam on overflowing flood, the dam keeps continuously overflowing; when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam exceed the bearing capacity of the dam for overflow flood, dam break occurs, and burst flood is generated.
When the reservoir normally operates, water can be drained to the downstream due to the needs of power generation, irrigation, flood control scheduling and the like, and the outflow calculation sub-program in a normal state is called to simulate the water. The reservoir can be overtopped or broken under the condition of encountering rainstorm and flood, and the dam overflowing/breaking calculation program is called for simulation.
The system treats the dam overflowing/dam break calculation as a subprogram, and the reason is as follows: 1) for reservoir engineering, both overtopping and dam break belong to major accidents which are not allowed to happen, and a value is returned by calling a dam overtopping/dam break program, which indicates that the water reservoir enters an 'abnormal state'; 2) the earth-rock dam often has a natural transition process from overtopping to dam break; 3) the overtopping discharge of the concrete dam and the overtopping discharge of the earth-rock dam can adopt the same function type, and only the materials are set to be incapable of erosion.
The dam break analysis model built in the system is an overtopping break analysis model of the earth and rockfill dam, and after the state of the earth and rockfill dam is judged to be overtopping, the model is started to calculate. The model is based on the flow theory of the wide-top weir, can simulate the whole process from overtopping to dam break, and calculates the expansion process of the break mouth, the flow process of the dam break and the change process of the reservoir water level.
Earth and rockfill dam overtopping is one of the main causes of dam break, but not the only cause. Dam break caused by seepage damage, earthquake and the like. The application focuses on providing a method for conveniently analyzing the problem of the connection failure of the complex dam system. The dam break analysis of the single dam is used as a called module in the system, and the invention does not limit which model and which mode are adopted to realize the dam break analysis of the single dam.
The flood flow is always from upstream to downstream, from the low-graded dam to the high-graded dam. Because the flood has certain energy loss when spreading in the river channel, therefore, the flood peak spreads a certain distance along the river channel, and reaches the downstream reservoir, the flood peak flow can be reduced to some extent, and the flood process line can be changed to some extent. The flood evolution analysis module is used for calculating the inflow flood process formed when the flood discharged from a certain dam at the upstream is transmitted to a reservoir at the downstream.
Many researches on flood evolution analysis are carried out in the published literature, the essence of the researches is to deduce the numerical solution of the holy-south equation set, and the calculation is complex. The dam break flood is significantly different from the flood in the natural state, and usually shows very large peak flow and short flood duration (natural flood duration is several days to tens of days, and dam break flood duration is often several tens of minutes to several hours). For example, in 1975, the peak flow of the dam is 7.8 km when the dam of the 8-month slab bridge reservoir breaks3And/s, the maximum flow of the natural Ru river channel in the rainstorm flood process is only 1.3 ten thousand meters3And s. As the flood generated by dam break has the characteristics of large flood peak and short duration, the form of the flood process line is basically unchanged and the reduction degree of the flood peak flow is very small in the process of the flood evolving along the river channel. Fig. 3 shows the calculated result of dam break flood evolution of a certain step reservoir in the Yunnan cowstall river, and the length of a river reach between two steps of reservoirs is 85.9 km. After the flood propagates along the river for 85.9km, the line state of the flood process is basically unchanged, and the peak flow rate is only attenuated by 0.51%. In view of this, the present program proposes to use a simplified "distance-peak loss rate-propagation time" model for flood evolution calculations. The meter can be remarkably improved by adopting the simplified modelThe calculation efficiency and the accuracy of the dam break problem are completely satisfied.
The prediction module calls the analysis module of the single dam and the flood evolution analysis module in sequence to calculate according to the dam system classification determined by the topology classification module and the related calculation parameters obtained by the information acquisition module. The specific calling sequence is as follows:
for the 1-level dam, calling an analysis module of a single dam for calculation to obtain the outflow process of the 1-level dam;
according to the outflow process of the 1-level dam and the river channel parameters connected between the 1-level dam and the downstream 2-level dam, calling a flood evolution analysis module, and calculating the inflow of the downstream 2-level dam caused by the outflow of the 1-level dam;
for the 2-level dam, calling an analysis module of a single dam for calculation to obtain the outflow process of the 2-level dam;
according to the outflow process of the 2-level dam and the river channel parameters connected between the 2-level dam and the downstream 3-level dam, calling a flood evolution analysis module, and calculating the inflow of the downstream 3-level dam caused by the outflow of the 2-level dam;
for the 3-level dam, calling an analysis module of a single dam for calculation to obtain an outflow process of the 3-level dam;
……
and repeating the steps until the outflow process of the dam with the highest grade in the dam system is calculated.
The process of analyzing the determined flood using the system is described below with reference to a small example.
A small portion of the dam system shown in figure 2 is cut away to form a small dam system with 44 dams therein as shown in figure 4. Assuming that rainstorm occurs in the full watershed, the rainfall intensity is 100mm/h, and within 3h of rainfall, 14 dams are overtopped and burst successively. Fig. 5 shows the outflow process for a 3-seat typical dam: the 32# dam is classified as 1, dam break flood is only from reservoir water of a reservoir per se, and the outflow process is unimodal; the 33# dam is positioned at the downstream of the 32# dam and breaks before the 32# dam, the outflow process is multimodal, two larger flood peaks come from the break of the 33# dam and the break of the 32# dam; the 44# dam is graded as 8 and is positioned at the most downstream of the whole flow field, and the dam break outflow process is in a typical multi-peak type.
The system provided by the embodiment of the application can judge whether any dam in the dam system is overtopped or broken, can acquire the reservoir water level and the outlet flow change process of any dam (no matter overtopping or breaking), and can give the necessary parameters for emergency response such as the dam break starting time, the dam break peak flow and the peak occurrence time to the broken dam.
The present application also provides a method for analyzing the breach flood of a dam system, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of the method for analyzing the breach flood of a dam system provided by the present application.
S101 is an information acquisition module. And reading the topological information of the dam system and the parameter information of each dam. Topological information of the dam system can be input in a table form, and two input modes are provided, wherein one mode is that for each dam, the number and the serial number of the dams which are directly connected with the upstream of the dam are given; the other is to give each dam the number of the dam immediately downstream of it. The parameter information of each dam comprises the geometric parameters of the dam body, the reservoir capacity curve parameters, the interval basin production convergence calculation parameters, the impact resistance parameters of the dam body material, the current reservoir water level and the like. The data can be directly input by adopting a data table and can also be obtained by other information system software.
And (S102) topology analysis of the unit. And analyzing the space topology of the dam system according to the input dam system topology information to determine the classification of each dam.
S103, analyzing the single-seat dam. Time domain integral analysis is carried out on inflow, outflow, water level, reservoir capacity and the like of each dam, namely, the whole analysis time domain is divided into a plurality of small time intervals, and the analysis is carried out in each time interval in sequence: 1) calculating the production and sink flow according to the rainfall of the interval basin; 2) superposing the incoming water of the upstream reservoir to calculate the warehousing flow of the reservoir; 3) calculating the outlet flow according to the initial reservoir water level in the time period, calculating the outlet flow in a normal state if the overtopping/dam break of the reservoir is not judged, and calculating the outlet flow of the overtopping or dam break if the overtopping/dam break of the reservoir is judged; 4) calculating the variation of the storage capacity according to the difference of the water quantity of warehousing and ex-warehouse; 5) calculating the water level change according to the reservoir capacity change; 6) judging whether overtopping/dam break occurs according to the relation between the water level and the dam crest elevation; 7) the amount of change in the breach size is calculated for the dam judged to be overtopped/broken.
And step S104, calculating the outflow of the bottom-level dam according to a pre-established flood evolution model, and forming an inflow process after the outflow of the bottom-level dam is evolved to a downstream high-level dam.
And (5) according to the sequence of the dam grades from low to high, sequentially and circularly calling the steps S103 and S104 until the outflow process of the dam or river reach with the highest grade of the whole dam system is calculated.
And S105, outputting the calculation results of the warehouse-out flow process, the flood peak flow, the flood peak occurrence time, the breach size and the like of each dam.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, and variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A dam breach flood analysis system, comprising: the system comprises a topological analysis module, a data collection module, an analysis module of a single dam, a flood evolution analysis module and a prediction module of a dam system;
the topological analysis module of the dam system is used for determining the grading of the dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the grading rule of the dam system;
the data collection module is used for collecting information of dams in a dam system and comprises: building parameter data of a dam body, a direct basin control range of a dam, rainfall and a reservoir capacity curve of the dam;
the analysis module of the single dam is used for establishing a water level model of the dam according to warehousing flow, ex-warehouse flow and storage capacity of the dam, and the water level model is used for monitoring the change of the water level of the dam in real time; determining a flooding state model of the dam according to a water level model of the dam and building parameter data of a dam body, wherein the flooding state model is used for determining a flooding state of the dam according to a real-time water level output by the water level model;
the flood routing analysis module is used for analyzing the process that flood flows from the low-grade dam to the high-grade dam and calculating the inflow of the downstream high-grade dam according to the outflow of the low-grade dam;
the prediction module is used for predicting whether the dam burst of the downstream dam can be caused or not, predicting the burst time of the downstream burst dam and the flood peak flow of the burst flood if the dam bursts in the evolution process of the flood according to the output of the flood evolution analysis module and the output of the analysis module of the single dam;
wherein, the classification rule of the dam system specifically is as follows: obtaining the grading of an upstream dam directly connected with a current dam; if no dam exists at the upstream of the current dam, classifying the current dam into 1; if the maximum classification of the upstream dam directly connected with the current dam is N, the classification of the current dam is N + 1;
according to the grading rule, the dams of low grade are analyzed sequentially, then the dams of high grade are analyzed, so that the amount of the discharged water of all the dams at the upstream of the dam is known when any one dam in the dam system is analyzed;
dam system burst flood analytic system, its characterized in that still includes: when the topological structure or the dam number in the dam system changes, the topological analysis module of the dam system grades the dams in the topological structure of the dam system again according to the grading rule of the dam system;
the dam system burst flood analysis system is characterized in that the prediction module is specifically used for sequentially analyzing dams and river reach one by one according to the sequence from low to high in grading, predicting whether overflow or burst can occur at a certain moment according to the water level change process of each dam, and if so, giving out the moment of overflow or burst and calculating the dam burst.
2. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the topological analysis module of the dam system is configured to determine the grading of the dams in the dam system according to the topological structure and the grading rules of the dam system, that is, after the dams in the dam system form a topological structure according to the spatial distribution relationship, the dams in the topological structure are graded according to the grading rules of the dam system.
3. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the dam classification rules further comprise:
the river network is divided into a plurality of river sections for hierarchical description, the river network at the source is used as a part of a river basin between dam areas of 1 level, the starting points and the end points of the rest of the river sections are dams, and the serial number and the classification of the river sections are equal to the classification of the dams at the starting points.
4. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the data collection module is configured to obtain building parameter data of a dam body in the dam, and the specific building parameters include: dam height, dam axial length, dam material impact resistance parameters, and outlet structure performance parameters.
5. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the storage capacity curve of the dam is a relation curve between a water level of the dam and the storage capacity.
6. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 5, further comprising the step of obtaining the change in reservoir capacity of the dam by the difference between the in-reservoir flow rate and the out-reservoir flow rate of the dam at the same time interval.
7. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the input flow rate comprises a flow rate generated by a production flow and a discharge flow of an upstream dam within a basin of a dam control area.
8. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 7, wherein the confluence of the rainfall within the basin of the dam is directly controlling the flow of the net rainfall into the reservoir, wherein the net rainfall is subtracted from the rainfall within the basin.
9. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the water level model of the dam is obtained by:
the change of the reservoir capacity of the dam in a period of time is equal to the sum of the warehousing flow and the flow minus the sum of the ex-warehouse flow; and the water level change is obtained by inquiring the storage capacity curve according to the storage capacity change.
10. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein determining the flooding state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam comprises: if the water level of the dam exceeds the height of the top of the dam, the dam overflows; and determining whether the dam is kept continuously overflowing or broken when the dam overflows according to the building parameters of the dam body and the overflowing flow speed.
11. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 10, wherein the determination of whether the dam is a continuous dam or a broken dam is made based on the construction parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam body when the dam is over, comprises,
when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam do not exceed the bearing capacity of the dam on overflow flood, the dam keeps continuously overflowing; when the dam overflows, if the building parameters and overflow flow rate of the dam exceed the bearing capacity of the dam for overflow flood, dam break occurs, and burst flood is generated.
12. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 11, wherein the prediction module is further configured to incorporate a breach flood process into the inflow of the downstream reservoir if a dam is breached in the dam, thereby performing a continuous breach analysis of the entire dam.
13. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 10, wherein if a dam is breached, the time at which the dam is breached is obtained.
14. The dam breach flood analysis system of claim 1, wherein the prediction module is further configured to, if a certain dam is predicted to be breached, further obtain a flow variation process, a reservoir level variation process, and a breach size variation process of the dam breach flood of the dam, and determine a dam breach flow and a time when a flood peak occurs according to the flow variation process of the dam breach flood.
15. An analysis method for dam breach flood, which is suitable for the dam breach flood analysis system, and the dam breach flood analysis system comprises: data collection module, dam topological analysis module, the analysis module of single dam, flood evolution analysis module, prediction module, its characterized in that includes:
determining the classification of each dam in the dam system according to the topological structure and the classification rule of the dam system;
according to dam information in a dam system collected by a data collection module, acquiring reservoir capacity curve model parameters of the dam, dam body geometric parameters, calculation parameters of normal leakage, dam break calculation parameters, interval basin area controlled by each dam, runoff generating calculation parameters of the interval basin area and the like;
establishing a water level model of the dam according to the warehousing flow, the ex-warehouse flow and the storage capacity of the dam, and determining a collapse state model of the dam according to the water level model of the dam and the building parameters of the dam body; the flooding state model is used for determining flooding state of the dam according to the real-time water level output by the water level model;
if the reservoir is not flooded, carrying out outflow calculation in a normal state according to a preset normal discharge calculation model; if the reservoir overflows, the outflow calculation of the overtopping or the break mouth is carried out according to a preset overflow dam/break dam calculation model;
according to a pre-established flood evolution model, predicting warehousing flow of a downstream dam caused by upstream dam drainage, wherein warehousing flow of any one dam in a dam system is equal to production flow of an interval basin area controlled by the dam system, and overlaying warehousing flow of the dam caused by drainage flow of all dams directly connected upstream of the dam system;
wherein, the classification rule of the dam system specifically is as follows: obtaining the grading of an upstream dam directly connected with a current dam; if no dam exists at the upstream of the current dam, classifying the current dam into 1; if the maximum classification of the upstream dam directly connected with the current dam is N, the classification of the current dam is N + 1;
and according to the grading rule, the lower-level dams are analyzed sequentially, and then the higher-level dams are analyzed, so that the amount of the discharged water of all upstream dams is known when any one dam in the dam system is analyzed.
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| CN112287528B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-07-20 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Flood control high water level determination method for sandy river reservoir based on high beach trough |
| CN112749475B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2024-03-26 | 中国电力建设股份有限公司 | Analysis method for determining continuous dam break risk of cascade reservoir group |
| CN113420969B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-04-07 | 广州资源环保科技股份有限公司 | Management method and device of rainfall flood equipment |
| CN113297753B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-02-28 | 四川大学 | Method for predicting water depth of permeable dam along path in mountainous area river |
| CN113705127A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 北京国信安科技术有限公司 | Dam break risk prediction and emergency response method and device for tailing pond and electronic equipment |
| CN116911215B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-08 | 浙江远算科技有限公司 | Dam break flood simulation method and system based on reservoir flood regulation coupling hydrodynamic force |
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