CN107325344A - 一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及复合材料领域，提供了一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法。该电磁屏蔽复合材料主要由生胶、导电炭黑、膨胀石墨和短切碳纤维构成，采用双辊开炼机混炼的方式最终硫化成型，具有良好的电磁屏蔽效能和耐盐雾腐蚀性能，综合性能优异，非常适合作为屏蔽材料应用于耐盐雾腐蚀性能和屏蔽性能要求较高的海洋环境领域，市场前景良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，具体涉及一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着信息的发展，科技的进步，电子产品得到了越来越广的应用，空间电磁环境变得日益复杂。电磁干扰问题引起了大家的高度重视，主要有以下几点：1、影响电子设备的正常运行；2、电磁信息泄露问题；3、电磁环境污染问题。其中电磁信息泄漏问题可能会影响到我国国防建设的发展，例如海洋环境中所使用的核潜艇，其电磁信息的重要性不言而喻，因此我们需要对此进行屏蔽，相应的产品就是导电橡胶。在这种特殊场合下，我们需要电磁屏蔽复合材料具有优异的耐盐雾腐蚀性能，以满足实际的应用。
CN201310627828.5公布了一种以硅橡胶弹性体为基础制备的电磁屏蔽复合材料,但该材料采用镀银镍粉及镀银铜粉来增强材料的导磁性能及导电性能，由于使用了银、镍、铜等贵金属材料，一方面价格昂贵，另一方面易受盐雾腐蚀。专利CN201610318779.0公布了通过添加氟硅烷改性的埃洛石纳米管、改性碳纳米管和气相法白炭黑制备的电磁屏蔽材料，该材料的制备方法相对较为繁琐。并且专利中采用的橡胶价格十分昂贵，不利于生产成本的控制。
发明内容
为了克服以上技术缺陷，本发明提供了一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法，该电磁屏蔽复合材料主要由生胶、导电炭黑、膨胀石墨和短切碳纤维构成，采用双辊开炼机混炼的方式最终硫化成型，该复合材料具有很好的耐腐蚀性。
本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，所述的复合材料各组分按重量份计为：
其中所述的生胶为顺丁橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶或天然橡胶中的一种或多种。
所述的氧化锌是锌含量大于99.5％的氧化锌粉体，与硬脂酸复合作为硫化活化体系，促进硫化，改善复合材料的强度性能。
所述的硫化剂为硫磺类硫化剂，选自硫磺，其对应的硫化促进剂选自噻唑类、次磺酰胺类、秋兰姆类中一种或多种。硫化促进剂能缩短硫化时间，提高生产效率，改善橡胶复合材料的力学性能。
所述的补强剂为炉法炭黑或槽法炭黑或其混合物,优选炭黑N330。补强剂能提高复合材料的力学性能，保证材料具有使用价值。
所述的防老剂为防老剂RD或防老剂4010NA或其混合物。防老剂能够延缓橡胶材料的老化，提高使用寿命。
本发明所提供的耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将配方量的可膨胀石墨在微波炉中微波处理15S,得到膨胀石墨，然后将膨胀石墨加入到乙醇和蒸馏水的混合液中，其中乙醇和蒸馏水的体积比为1:1，采用400W功率进行超声处理6h,抽滤混合液,所得滤饼真空干燥12h，将干燥好的膨胀石墨用球磨机研磨6h,得到粒度为100目的膨胀石墨粉末。相比采用高温加热处理可膨胀石墨的处理方法，微波处理具有效率快、节能的特点。
2)短切碳纤维处理：用水配制质量分数为0.15％的羟丙基甲基纤维素分散剂，然后按照分散液与短切碳纤维质量比为100：0.5的比例加入到打浆机中并充分分散，分散液进行抽虑并于烘箱40℃下进行6h干燥，得到短切分散的碳纤维单丝；其中，短切碳纤维选择纤维直径在2-4um，长度为0.5-6mm的短切碳纤维，购自上海力硕复合材料科技有限公司。
3)炼胶：将生胶在双辊混炼机塑炼1分钟，然后将氧化锌、硬脂酸、硫化促进剂、防老剂依次加入，左右割刀三次，再将补强剂、短切碳纤维、膨胀石墨、导电炭黑依次加入，左右割刀三次，最后加入硫化剂，左右割刀三次，打三角包五次，下片，制得混炼胶。
4)硫化：将混炼胶放置16小时，设定常规硫化条件：压力10MPa，硫化温度160℃，时间为15min，模压制得硫化胶。
本发明中采用生胶作为电磁屏蔽复合材料的基体，能赋予良好的加工性能和基本的物理机械性能；选用导电炭黑、短切碳纤维和膨胀石墨作为主要辅料，是由于导电炭黑兼具导电性和补强性，短切碳纤维具有良好的导电性、耐高温、耐腐蚀和较好的力学性能，膨胀石墨具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、导电性、不渗透性等特性，能够赋予橡胶复合材料具有良好的导电性和耐腐蚀性能。
本发明提供的耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料具有很好的耐腐蚀性、电磁屏蔽稳定性。在0.1GHz-10GHz下，屏蔽效能高于60dB，显示良好的电磁屏蔽效果，并且在35℃，5％的氯化钠溶液作为喷雾溶液，沉降量为1.5ml/80cm2.h的条件下进行中性盐雾试验，进行腐蚀240h后，该电磁屏蔽复合材料表观无异常，物理机械性能稳定，耐盐雾腐蚀性能优异，另外该复合材料的体积电阻率为0.2Ω·cm，拉伸强度高于15MPa，综合性能优异，非常适合应用于海洋环境领域的机械设备的电磁屏蔽材料。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的制备实施例进一步说明本发明，除特殊说明外，均可采用常规技术完成。但是，应当理解为，这些实施例仅仅是用于更详细具体地说明之用，而不应理解为用于以任何形式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，所述的复合材料主要组分按重量份计为：
具体制备步骤如下：
1)膨胀石墨的预处理：将配方量的可膨胀石墨在微波炉中微波处理15S,得到膨胀石墨，然后将膨胀石墨加入到乙醇和蒸馏水的混合液中，其中乙醇和蒸馏水的体积比为1：1，采用400W功率进行超声处理6h,抽滤混合液,所得滤饼真空干燥12h，将干燥好的膨胀石墨用球磨机研磨6h,得到粒度为100目的膨胀石墨粉末。
2)短切碳纤维处理：用水配制质量分数为0.15％的羟丙基甲基纤维素分散剂，然后按照分散液与短切碳纤维质量比为100：0.5的比例加入到打浆机中并充分分散，分散液进行抽虑并于烘箱40℃下进行6h干燥，得到短切分散的碳纤维单丝；其中，短切碳纤维选用纤维直径在2um，长度为3mm的短切碳纤维，购自上海力硕复合材料科技有限公司。
3)炼胶：将生胶在双辊混炼机塑炼1分钟，然后将氧化锌、硬脂酸、硫化促进剂、防老剂依次加入，左右割刀三次，再将补强剂、短切碳纤维、膨胀石墨、导电炭黑依次加入，左右割刀三次，最后加入硫化剂，左右割刀三次，打三角包五次，下片，制得混炼胶。
4)硫化：将混炼胶放置16小时，实施模压硫化，硫化条件为压力10MPa，硫化温度160℃，硫化时间15分钟，制得硫化胶。
实施例2
一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，所述的复合材料，以重量份计，主要组分如下：
其中，短切碳纤维选用直径为3um，长度为5mm的短切碳纤维，购自上海力硕复合材料科技有限公司。
实施例2的加工方法同实施例1的加工方法。
实施例3
一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，所述的复合材料，以重量份计，主要组分如下：
其中，短切碳纤维选择直径为4um，长度为6mm的短切碳纤维，购自上海力硕复合材料科技有限公司。
实施例3的加工方法同实施例1的加工方法。
为验证本发明的产品性能，进行拉伸强度、拉断伸长率测试和硬度测试：
将实施例1-3制得的导电橡胶按照国家标准GB/T 528-2009、GB/T 6031-2004、GB/T 1690-2010和电子行业军用标准SJ20524-1995测试拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、硬度和材料屏蔽效能。
测试结果见如下表格中
由以上测试结果可知，本发明提供的耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料在0.1GHz–10.0GHz下，屏蔽效能高于60dB，显示良好的电磁屏蔽效能，并且在盐雾环境腐蚀240h后该电磁屏蔽材料表观显示无异常，力学性能变化不大，电磁屏蔽稳定性较高，耐腐蚀性能优异，非常适合应用于海洋环境领域的机械设备的电磁屏蔽材料。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的复合材料各组分按重量份计为：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的短切碳纤维的纤维直径在2-4um，长度为0.5-6mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的生胶为顺丁橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、天然橡胶中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的氧化锌是锌含量大于99.5％的氧化锌粉体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的硫化剂为硫磺，其对应的硫化促进剂选自噻唑类、次磺酰胺类、秋兰姆类中一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的补强剂为炉法炭黑或槽法炭黑或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料，其特征在于，所述的防老剂为防老剂RD或防老剂4010NA或其混合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种耐盐雾腐蚀电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
1)将配方量的可膨胀石墨在微波炉中微波处理15S,得到膨胀石墨，然后将膨胀石墨加入到乙醇和蒸馏水的混合液中，其中乙醇和蒸馏水的体积比为1:1，采用400W功率进行超声处理6h,抽滤混合液,所得滤饼真空干燥12h，将干燥好的膨胀石墨用球磨机研磨6h,得到粒度为100目的膨胀石墨粉末；
2)短切碳纤维处理：用水配制质量分数为0.15％的羟丙基甲基纤维素分散剂，然后按照分散液与短切碳纤维质量比为100：0.5的比例加入到打浆机中并充分分散，分散液进行抽虑并于烘箱40℃下进行6h干燥，得到短切分散的碳纤维单丝；
3)炼胶：将生胶在双辊混炼机塑炼1分钟，然后将氧化锌、硬脂酸、硫化促进剂、防老剂依次加入，左右割刀三次，再将补强剂、短切碳纤维、膨胀石墨、导电炭黑依次加入，左右割刀三次，最后加入硫化剂，左右割刀三次，打三角包五次，下片，制得混炼胶；
4)硫化：将混炼胶放置16小时，设定常规硫化条件：压力10MPa，硫化温度160℃，时间为15min，模压制得硫化胶。
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